According to the "Overview of the Central Organs of the State in the Qing Dynasty", the shouling people had the ranks of wen and military ministers, from one pin to nine pins, and from nine pins.
The Qing Dynasty guarded the mausoleum in large numbers and had superior treatment
As we all know, the ancients attached great importance to matters after death, especially those emperors, and after their deaths, their funerary products were also quite rich.
In order to make these emperors feel at ease after death, the Qing Dynasty also had a special guard to guard the imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty, and it is said that at the peak of the Qing Dynasty, the number of tomb keepers reached more than 3,000.
During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, there was even a prime minister yamen in Yongling.
Moreover, its official position is set up reasonably, and the division of labor is also very clear, so it also guarantees the work of worshipping ancestors many times.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were officials who guarded the mausoleum, including princes, ministers, and military servants. According to the Eight Banners Chronicle, the clan was divided into ten grades, namely: prince, county king, baylor, beizi, Zhenguo gong, auxiliary guogong, zhenguo general, auxiliary general, fengguo general, and feng'en general.
These guards were very strict, and once there were idle people who stepped within four hundred steps of the imperial tomb, they would be shot.
Guarding the imperial tomb is not an easy job, they have to guard the imperial tomb day and night, and they are not allowed to contact the outside world, so it is also very hard and boring.
They lived in basic isolation, because within the confines of the mausoleum area, fires were not allowed, so their food was some of the sacrifices that had been replaced.
Of course, they work hard in the field, and their families are treated well because of this, and their salaries are high.
Before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the salaries of the tomb keepers were naturally paid by the imperial court. However, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, there were still people who insisted on guarding the imperial tomb, so who was paying them wages?
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the government of the Republic of China paid the salaries of the tomb keepers
On February 12, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China. Empress Dowager Longyu promulgated the Edict of Abdication, announcing Puyi's abdication. The edict of abdication says: "The psychology of the people of the whole country today is inclined to republicanism ... The destiny of the human heart is known. Yu Yi He endured the honor of a surname, and whisked the likes and dislikes of the people... The Special Emperor proclaimed the right to rule the whole country and designated it as a constitutional republic, which was close to the heart of the sea of disgust and desire to rule, and far from the ancient holy world as a just righteousness."
Since then, the Qing Dynasty has ceased to exist in name only. However, although the Qing Dynasty was over, those mausoleums were still there.
The imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty were divided into two parts, one part in Guannei and the other part outside Guanxi.
The imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Guannei are divided into Qing Dongling And Qing Xi Mausoleum, and outside Guanxi are called "Guanwai Three Tombs". The emperors who entered the customs after the Emperor Taiji were all buried in the Xiling and Dongling tombs of the Qing Dynasty.
Whether it is the Qing Tombs or the Qing Western Tombs, their scale is quite large, and the imperial tombs also have countless treasures. At that time, the Qing Tombs and the Qing Tombs established a complete protection mechanism to prevent people from stealing the tombs, and there were many tomb keepers.
However, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, why were there still tomb guards? Who pays their wages?
In fact, when Puyi abdicated in 1912, it was announced that "after the resignation of the Great Emperor, his imperial temple, mausoleum, and eternal worship will be properly protected by the guards selected by the Republic." ”
At that time, the Qing government signed a treaty with the Republic of China government, and many of the expenses of the original Qing government were paid by the Republic of China government. After announcing their abdication, they still needed to arrange for people to protect the imperial tomb, and the salaries of the tomb keepers at that time were paid by the Republic of China government.
However, compared with before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, this salary is much less, so more and more people are reluctant to do this kind of work. Later, when the warlords were confused, no one could take care of the tomb keepers.
The descendants of the Qing royal family could not afford to provide wages, and the state provided financial support for the protection of ancient tombs
Because there were no payrolls, the protection of the imperial tomb fell to the descendants of the Qing Dynasty royal family.
However, the situation of the descendants of the Qing dynasty royal family is also deteriorating, and they are really powerless for the management and protection of the imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty.
In the absence of money, the descendants of the royal family can only raise their own money to find the person who guards the imperial tomb, and at this time, there are only a few people left to guard the imperial tomb.
It was not until 1928 that Sun Dianying robbed the tomb, which made Puyi and the descendants of the Qing nobles sit in peace, so they began to strengthen management. After that, some descendants of the Manchu Qing Dynasty also came to settle down in the surrounding area of the mausoleum.
Nowadays, these Qing Dynasty mausoleums have become historical relics, so there are special personnel responsible for protection, and the research and work of these people have special financial support.
brief summary
Today,s shouling people also have only a few families left, and their salaries will not be paid to them, and it is a belief that supports them. Since the tomb keepers outside the guanxi are basically hereditary, it is also an honor for them to keep the tomb.
Even if there is no salary, they will continue to do it.
References: Overview of the Central Organs of the State in the Qing Dynasty, Eight Banners, Edict of Abdication
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