Li Zhiting, a well-known expert in Qing history, commented on Wu Sangui: "On the big stage of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Wu Sangui was a famous figure. He was famous for welcoming Qing soldiers into the customs, and 30 years later he raised troops to rebel against the Qing, and once divided the southwest." Some people think that Wu Sangui was a "traitor" because Wu Sangui was originally a border general who guarded Liaodong, but later surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, acted as a guide, and led the Qing army into the Central Plains, they attacked Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong's peasant army, recruited Han landlords, and fought all the way to Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Guangxi, playing the role of a pioneer.
(Kangxi statue)
Wu Sangui played a vital role for the Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty's entry into the Central Plains, the Shunzhi Emperor named Wu Sangui as the "Great General of Pingxi" and let him guard Yunnan, Yunnan and Guizhou were all subject to Wu Sangui's control, and people wondered why Wu Sangui, who was over the age of a flower, rebelled at the last moment of his life.
San Francisco influenced the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and Kangxi decided to withdraw the domain
Wu Sangui occupied Yunnan, has become a force, first of all Wu Sangui has a great power in the economy, Wu Sangui occupies 700 hectares of Mu's Zhuangtian in Yunnan as a clan village, Wu Sangui also does business with the Dalai Lama in Tibet, exchanging tea for Mongolian horses, Wu Sangui also let his men sell Liaodong ginseng and Sichuan Huanglian for profit. Wu Sangui also lent a large amount of money to merchants, and also forcibly levied taxes on guanshi and opened mines and drums. Wu Sangui cultivated his own power from all aspects, including soldiers, business, and private trading.
(Kangxi in the film and television drama)
In addition to the above, the Kangxi Emperor ordered the cutting of the domain, san francisco divided one side, has formed an independent kingdom, seriously affecting the rule of the Qing Dynasty, in the economy also brought a calm burden to the Qing government, San Francisco every year to consume more than 20 million officers and soldiers, the annual consumption of such a large financial resources, the Kangxi Emperor has increased the determination to withdraw the domain.
The Kangxi Emperor resolutely decided to withdraw his domain, and the interests of Wu Sangui and the imperial court were irreconcilable
In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), Shang Kexi, who was loyal to the Qing Dynasty, asked the Kangxi Emperor to return to Liaodong, and Shang Kexi wanted Shang Zhixin to stay in Guangdong, and the Kangxi Emperor took advantage of Shang Kexi's request to order Shang Kexi's father and son to lead the family's soldiers to evacuate Guangdong at the same time. At this time, Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong wanted to test the Kangxi Emperor's attitude of withdrawing the domain, and also requested to withdraw the domain.
(Portraits of Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, geng Jingzhong)
What Wu Sangui did not expect was that the Kangxi Emperor actually ordered the withdrawal of the domain, and it was obvious that the withdrawal of the domain had seriously damaged the interests of the Wu Sangui clique, and Wu Sangui thought that I had helped the Great Qing to enter the customs, and now that the Jiangshan was stable, it was inhumane and unjust to withdraw the domain, and only a rebellion was the only way out. Under such circumstances, the contradictions between the two sides have intensified, and only force can calm and resolve the contradictions.
Returning to today's topic, if Wu Sangui had chosen to accept the Kangxi Emperor's withdrawal of the domain at the expense of his own interests, he would not have received a good death.
First, there was only a relationship of interest between the Qing Dynasty and Wu Sangui
Before Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs, he began to consider who to submit to, he saw that after Li Zicheng's army invaded Beijing, he began to covet pleasure, absurdity and corruption, and another reason was that military discipline was scattered, Wu Sangui saw that Li Zicheng could not become a climate in the end, and Wu Sangui considered cooperating with Dorgon from a political point of view. After Wu Sangui helped the Qing Dynasty enter the customs, the Qing Dynasty let Wu Sangui town guard Yungui, which also maximized Wu Sangui's interests.
(Right of The Three Katsura Images)
However, the Kangxi Emperor's withdrawal of the domain undoubtedly had an impact on Wu Sangui's interests, when Wu Sangui and the Qing Dynasty had no cooperative relations, only interest relations, even if Wu Sangui accepted the Kangxi Emperor's withdrawal of the domain, Wu Sangui's life was not good, Kangxi would return Wu Sangui's military power, and the Kangxi Emperor would slowly weaken Wu Sangui's power little by little.
(Wu Sangui comics)
Second, Yun and Gui were Wu Sangui's last base areas, and he could not lose his base areas
From the overall situation, Wu Sangui first rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and obeyed the Qing Dynasty, and the two places of Yun and Gui were the last base of Wu Sangui, and Wu Sangui also took root in Yun and Gui for many years, Wu Sangui lost his base area, and if he accepted the withdrawal of the domain, where would Wu Sangui and his clique go? Wu Sangui, who had no place to stay, was afraid that he would be at the disposal of the Kangxi Emperor.
(Wu Sangui, played by Qin Yan)
Summary: Wu Sangui did not launch the San Francisco Rebellion, and if he honestly accepted the cutting of the clan, Wu Sangui would not get a good ending. Wu Sangui was already in a dilemma, on the one hand was the feeling that the general trend had gone, on the other hand was the newly established Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor did not allow Wu Sangui to live in his "small imperial court in Yunnan", after the intensification of the contradictions between the two families, Wu Sangui was finally defeated, Kangxi Seventeen years (1678) in August Wu Sangui fell ill and died, Wu Sangui died and his power collapsed, Kangxi twenty years (1681) winter, the Qing army entered Yunnan, Wu Sangui's grandson Wu Shipan committed suicide. The San Francisco Rebellion, which lasted for eight years and affected dozens of provinces, was finally put down.