There are 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi Province. If divided by popularity, the provincial capitals Xi'an, Qindu Xianyang, Yan'an, and Hanzhong all belong to the category of very popularity. The popularity of Baoji, Yulin, Weinan and Tongchuan is also loud enough, leaving only the cities of Ankang and Shangluo in the southeast of Shaanxi Province not very famous. If the two prefecture-level cities are compared again, ankang may be slightly more famous than Shangluo. Ankang is an important part of Shaanxi's Sichuan Shu Road, the famous Meridian Valley (Meridian Road) south exit, in fact, is located in The territory of Shiquan County, Ankang City. The rest is an "obscure" Shangluo City.
The fame of Shangluo City may not be very large, but the strategic position of Shangluo City is not ordinary. Shangluo City is located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, adjacent to the provincial capital Xi'an in the northwest, and the famous Zhongnan Mountain is located at the junction of Shangluo City and Xi'an City. Shangluo City is bordered by Weinan City in this province to the north, Sanmenxia City of Henan Province to the east, Nanyang City of Henan Province to the southeast, Shiyan City of Hubei Province to the south, and Ankang City of This Province to the west.
Shangluo City is highly regent, especially in the northwest at the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains. Fortunately, Shangluo has five large river valleys and is the main population area of Shangluo City. From north to south, they are Luoshui Valley, Danjiang Valley (Shangluo City is located in Danjiang Valley), Qianyou River Valley, Qianyou River Valley, and Xunhe Valley.
If you look at Shangluo City in the topography of the whole country, Shangluo City is sandwiched between the triangle of Qinling, Funiu Mountain and Wudang Mountain. Not far east of Shangluo City, it is known as Henan in the world. Not far south of Shangluo City is Hubei, the land of the Four Wars. The country's two major strategic rivers, the Yellow River, are located not far north of Shangluo City, and the Han River is located not far south of Shangluo City.
Such a special geographical location determines that Shangluo City has been an important town for soldiers since ancient times. From which era did this "ancient" begin? In the Warring States Seven Xiong Era, Shangluo City was a dangerous fortress for the Qin State and the Chu State to compete, which can be called who gets ShangLuo and who lives, and who loses Shangluo and who dies.
In the Warring States period, especially in the late Warring States period, the two countries with the most powerful power to unify the world came out, namely the Qin State and the Chu State. Qi Guoqiang? strong! However, the biggest disadvantage of the State of Qi is that its territory is too small, the war resources are not abundant, and it is difficult to fight a protracted war. The unification war in the late Warring States period was destined to be a protracted battle.
After the Qin state occupied the Sichuan Basin, it gained a great superiority in war, there was no shortage of grain, and the war resources were inexhaustible. The territory of the State of Chu was even larger than that of the State of Qin, occupying a major part of the Yangtze River Valley, and the war resources of the provinces of Xiang, Qian, Gansu, and Fujian, such as salt, iron, copper, bamboo, and wood, were even richer than those of the State of Qin.
In terms of the ability to launch wars and their staying power, the world will not be merged into Qin, but will be merged into Chu. This determined that the Qin state and the Chu state were incompatible mortal enemies. What's more, the distance between Xianyang, the capital of the State of Qin, and the capital of the State of Chu, Yin, was not far. Shangluo, on the other hand, is sandwiched between Xianyang and Ying. From Xianyang to Ying, you can leave the Qinling Mountains and enter Shangluo, then from Shangluo out of Wuguan, from Wuguan into the plains of Hubei, and soon you can kill the capital of Ying.
Wuguan, one of the four famous passes in history, is in Shangluo, and its military strategic position is particularly important. The strategic position of Shang Luo is important in large part because it has Wuguan, a place of contention between Qin and Chu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wuguan was owned by the Jin State, which not only threatened the security of the Qin State, but also affected the Qin State's attack on the Chu State. After the State of Qin took control of Wuguan, it gained a great strategic advantage over the State of Chu. As Su Qin said when he lobbied the King of Chuwei: "When the Qin soldiers left Wuguan and went along the Danjiang River to the Han River, Yin would not be able to protect it!" ”
In 311 BC, King Huiwen of Qin sent an emissary to King Huai of Chu, saying that the State of Qin was willing to exchange Wuguan for Qianzhong County of the State of Chu. In 299 BC, the State of Qin tricked King Huai of Chu into meeting with King Zhaoxiang of Qin at Wuguan, and was imprisoned by the State of Qin. King Huai of Chu was imprisoned by Qin in an extremely shameless way at Shangluowuguan, changing the historical direction of Chu and Qin, and even the entire Warring States. The State of Chu has since declined, and has been repeatedly attacked by Qin soldiers from Wuguan, and finally forced to abandon Ying and move east to Shouchun. Although Qin has no way, after all, they are the victors, and history cannot be changed. The unknown Shangluo and the famous Wuguan can be said to be a major inflection point in history.
From east to west into Guanzhong, there are generally two roads. One is to take the Yellow River from north to south to Tongguan, which is at the turning point from west to east, and the other is Shangluo (Wuguan) southwest of Chang'an. In the last year of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang, the Duke of Pei, led his troops to take the road of Wuguan, cut a short road into Xianyang, and forced the Prince of Qin to surrender.
After the Western Han Dynasty established the capital Chang'an, Tongguan and Shangluo (Wuguan) became the two strategic gateways to protect the security of Guanzhong. In fact, the reason why Guanzhong is called "Guanzhong" is because the eight hundred-mile Qinchuan river is located in the four passes. The south pass of the four passes is Wu Guan. In the last year of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Zhao, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, was captured, and Sima Yi, the grandson of Sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, fled from Wuguan to Guanzhong, where he continued to incense the ruined Western Jin Dynasty for several years.
Generally speaking, the dynasty with its capital in Chang'an had its main enemies coming from the east. For example, the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms during the Reign of the Han Jing Emperor, the Former Qin of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms of former Qin to Former Yan, and the late Sixteen Kingdoms of Later Qin to Later Yan and Eastern Jin. The Western Wei (Northern Zhou) of the late Southern and Northern Dynasties was associated with the Eastern Wei (Northern Qi). When Yang Jian, the chancellor of The Zhou Dynasty, usurped power, a rebellion by The Old Northern Zhou minister Chi Yi broke out in the old lands of Northern Qi.
In this case, Shangluo (Wuguan) is almost a life-saving place for Chang'an. Hold Shangluo (Wuguan), it is not a big deal to lose Kanto, and it is also possible to hold Kansai. Once Wuguan was breached by enemies in the east, Chang'an could hang the lowering flag.
In the chaos of the world, there were too many things that the princes fought for Shangluo (Wuguan), so I will not list them all.