In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was such a famous courtier, who went through the four dynasties of Song Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, and Zhezong in his lifetime, and served as prime minister several times for fifty years, and he believed in Buddhism all his life and gathered 100,000 people to read The Buddha together. In addition, his high life expectancy is even more amazing, sitting peacefully at the age of 91 and ending up without illness. He is the Northern Song Dynasty name Xiangwen Yanbo.
"Water to take the ball" statement
Wen Yanbo (1006–1097), courtesy name Kuanfu, was a native of Fenzhou, Shanxi. His ancestor's original surname was Jing, and in order to avoid the secret of the Later Jin Dynasty's ancestor Shi Jingyao, he changed his surname to Wen. After the death of the Later Jin Dynasty, he was renamed Jing. When the Northern Song Dynasty was established, he avoided the Song Yizu Zhao Jing Temple and changed his surname to Wen.
Fumihiko Hiroshi Images
Fumihiko was brilliant when he was young, and the protagonist of "Pouring Water and Taking the Ball" was him. The story is probably: Xiao Yanbo and a few friends played the ball and accidentally kicked the ball into a tree hole. The little friends can't reach the ball at the mouth of the hole, and they can't reach the ball with a stick to the hole. When everyone was in a hurry, Wen Yanbo thought of a way to pour water into the tree hole. The water floated up when it was full. At a young age, Wen Yanbo, who can think of using the buoyancy principle to solve problems, is impressive.
Tree hole to take the ball
Wen Yanbo passed the jinshi examination in his early twenties, and then successively served as a Zhixian of Yicheng County, a general judge of Daizhou, and an inspector of imperial history, and then served as a palace attendant in front of Emperor Renzong of Song, which shows that he also had considerable political achievements as an official.
During his tenure as a royal attendant in the palace, Wen Yanbo scrupulously fulfilled his duties and boldly advised Emperor Renzong. At that time, the northwest frontier was engaged in wars for many years, and there were sometimes deputy generals in the army who retreated first and hoped that the enemy would not advance, according to the convention, the general should ask the imperial court for instructions before dealing with it. Seeing the ills, Wen Yanbo told Emperor Renzong that in wartime, generals should be allowed to handle these matters on their own, otherwise "the generals would not have special powers and the art of war would not be strict" and victory would not be achieved. Emperor Renzong was impressed and took his advice.
Outstanding political achievements as prime minister
Soon, Fumihiko served as the deputy envoy of Hedong Transit as the Naoshikan (official name), responsible for the transportation of grain and other matters. At that time, the road to transport grain in Linzhou (present-day north of Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province) was tortuous and long, and there was a road for transporting grain in the Tang Dynasty outside the Yincheng River, but it was abandoned for a long time and was not dredged. Wen Yanbo's father, Wen Huan, had considered repairing it during his tenure as a transport envoy, but died before he could start construction. Wen Yanbo inherited his father's legacy and repaired this old road, so that he could store a large amount of grain in the city. Later, when the Western Xia invaded, they besieged Linzhou for ten days, and withdrew after learning that the city had enough food and grass.
Song Renzong
After this, Wen Yanbo moved to the Tianzhang Pavilion to be made and the capital transfer envoy, including Shenglong Tuge, Privy Counsellor, Qinzhou Zhizhou, and Yizhou Zhizhou. A few years later, he was recalled to the imperial court by Emperor Renzong and served as a privy councillor and a governor. As soon as he was promoted, he quelled the rebellion of Wang Ze of Bei Prefecture, so he was promoted to chancellor, that is, Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi and JixianDian University Scholar.
After becoming chancellor, Wen Yanbo recommended Zhang Gui, Han Wei, and Wang Anshi to Emperor Renzong, believing that they were indifferent to fame and fortune and had integrity and could be praised.
Abolish redundant troops and eliminate maladministration
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the "three redundancies" of "redundant officials", "redundant soldiers" and "redundant expenses" were deeply rooted, involving the whole body, and it was very difficult to deal with, and after consultation with the Privy Councillor Pang Yuan, wen Yanbo planned to lay off 80,000 soldiers and generals. In this regard, some ministers were worried that these people who had been dismissed might gather as thieves, and Emperor Renzong was hesitant. Wen Yanbo told Renzong that the financial problems now are because there are too many soldiers, and if they are dismissed and then rebel, he is willing to guarantee peace with his life. After the implementation of the plan, the dismissed soldiers did not make trouble.
In 1049, Bunhiko was promoted to a member of shōbunkan University, and two years later he was demoted to the rank of Scholar of Kwanbunden University and Xuzhou Zhizhou (徐州知州) due to his impeachment by Goshi Tangsuke, and was renamed as the Envoy of the Chungmu Army, in charge of the Yongxing Army. Tang Jie was also removed from his post. In 1055, Bunhiko Hiroshi was appointed as a retainer of the shoshu of the bureaucracy, Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi, and Shōbunkan University, this time with the famous minister Fubi. On the day the appointment was announced, "the scholars and masters celebrated each other in the dynasty", which showed the status of the two sages in people's minds.
A year later, Emperor Renzong suddenly fell ill while he was on the verge of being visited by the Civil and Military Officials. During his illness, Wen Yanbo and Fu Bi, who were old and heavy, were in danger, eliminated some unstable factors inside and outside the imperial court, stabilized the situation in the dynasty, and stabilized the people's hearts until Emperor Renzong recovered from his illness.
At this time, Yushi Wu zhongfu requested that Tang Jie be recalled to the imperial court, and Emperor Renzong asked Wen Yanbo for his opinion. Wen Yanbo said, "When Tang Jie was doing imperial history, the impeachment of me was mostly aimed at my shortcomings, and although there were hearsay and untruthful remarks, I had already rebuked him in the past, and now I can recall him." "Emperor Renzong and his ministers considered him to be of high moral character.
After a few more years, Wen Yanbo was made the duke of Luguo (潞國公) by the three cities of Heyang (河陽三城節度) as the envoy of Tongping Zhangshi (同平章事) and sentenced to Henan Province (河南府), and later promoted to Shangshu Zuo Shu (尚書左仆射). Later, he resigned from the government due to the death of his mother.
In 1063, Emperor Renzong died, Emperor Yingzong took the throne, and Ren Wenyanbo was appointed as the envoy of the Chengde army. Soon, Wen Yanbo was promoted to the rank of Shizhong (侍中), changed the town of Huainan Province, sentenced YongxingJun to YongxingJun, and entered the imperial court as a Privy Envoy and Jiannan Xichuan Jiedushi, and continued to be used by Emperor Yingzong.
Be courteous and courteous and not greedy
Emperor Yingzong died of illness after only four years on the throne, and Emperor Shenzong took the throne. In 1069, Emperor Shenzong appointed Chen Shengzhi as chancellor. The edict says: "Wen Yanbo was an important courtier of the imperial court, and Chen Sheng's position was placed under Wen Yanbo, in line with the meaning of The Emperor. Wen Yanbo said, "The position of Privy Counsellor of the Song Dynasty is not above the Prime Minister." Only Cao Used to be on Wang Zeng and Zhang Zhibai. Although it was difficult for the courtiers to understand the etiquette and righteousness, they did not dare to imitate Cao's use of the behavior to disrupt the court etiquette. He resolutely refused to put himself above Chen Shengzhi, and did not complain at all.
Emperor Shenzong intended to reuse Wang Anshi's reform law, but Wen Yanbo believed that the new policies such as the Green Shoots Law and the Exemption Law introduced by Wang Anshi were unrealistic, and he opposed the new policies. Wen Yanbo worked in the Privy Council for nine years, and finally asked for his resignation because of his political disagreements with Wang Anshi. Emperor Shenzong did not want him to leave his post, so he appointed him as Sikong( 司空), the emissary of Hedong Jiedushi (河東節度), the judge of Heyang (河陽), and the emissary of The DaimyoFu (大名府). Although he was not in the imperial court, the Divine Sect still trusted him very much.
In 1080, the 74-year-old Wen Yanbo was worshipped as a lieutenant and sentenced to Henan. Once, when he entered the dynasty, he heard Wang Tonglao talking about Emperor Renzong's discussion about the establishment of the crown prince during his reign, and Emperor Shenzong asked him about it. Wen Yanbo once again said that Emperor Yingzong was the destiny of heaven, and that Emperor Renzong knew his son's xianming and empress dowager Cisheng's support. Emperor Shenzong praised him for his "profound character, not preaching his own goodness, and his yin virtues like Bingji, and he was really a minister of the society."
Song Shenzong
Emperor Shenzong then made Gavin Yanbo the envoy of the two towns, and he refused to accept it. Emperor Shenzong also gave a feast to Qionglin Yuan, and twice sent eunuchs to send poems of his own making to Wen Yanbo. Qionglin Garden, the royal palace of the Song Dynasty, where the emperor invited Wen Yanbo to dinner and sent him poems he had written, no doubt to express his respect to Wen Yanbo.
After a few years, Wen Yanbo resigned his official position on the grounds of old age, retired from the position of the etheric master (note: the highest official among the three dukes), and lived in Luoyang, making friends with Shao Yong and the Cheng Hao brothers of the Great Confucian Luoyang.
In 1086, when the young Emperor Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Xuanren bowed to the government, and Sima Guang, who also opposed the change of law and intended to abolish the new law, recommended Wen Yanbo, saying that he was the elder of Sude and should be revived to assist the imperial court. At the age of 80, Fumihiko Bo was appointed as the important minister of the Pingzhang Military State, and made a pilgrimage once in six days, and twice in January to preach at the imperial palace, and the emperor was very kind to him. However, he asked for a resignation every year, and after five years, he left the court again.
Foreign emissaries give famous horses
Wen Yanbo lived in the Four Dynasties for a total of fifty years, and was a heavy vassal of the Four Generations of Emperors, and his reputation was also known in Siyi. During the reign of Emperor Zhezong, the Khitan sent emissaries Yelü Yongchang and Liu Xiao to visit, and Su Shi was the reception minister. After meeting Jezong, they saw Wen Yanbo outside the temple gate. The two emissaries retreated and asked, "Is this the Duke of Luguo?" And asked Fumihiko Hiroshi about his birthday. After Su Shi answered, the messenger said, "The age is so high, but the body looks very strong." Su Shi said, "The messenger only saw his face and did not hear him speak." He sorted out all kinds of things, extremely sophisticated, even if he was a teenager, he could not catch up; he learned all over the past, and even specialized masters could not catch up. ”
The messenger said with reverence, "Wen Yanbo is truly a stranger in the world. After Wen Yanbo returned to Luoyang, wen Xixin, the leader of the Western Qiang, had a famous horse and asked the border officials to give the famous horse to Wen Yanbo, and Emperor Zhezong granted permission. It is rare in ancient and modern times that Wen Yanbo has been respected by foreigners to such a degree!
The calligraphy of the poem is high
Although Wen Yanbo has always served as a high-ranking official, he is humble and respectful. He and Fu Bi, Sima Guang and thirteen other people based on the story of Bai Juyi Jiu Laohui, put wine and poetry to entertain each other, and only in terms of age and age, not ranked by position, he built a lobby, in which there are thirteen portraits of thirteen people, called "Luoyang Qi Yinghui", many people are very envious.
Fumihiko Hiroshi calligraphy
Fumihiko's calligraphy is famous, far exceeding the achievements of his essay poetry. Perhaps because of his special position in politics, we see only his skillful side of the bureaucracy. In fact, in history, his calligraphy cultivation was much better than that of Fu Bi, Sima Guang, and Wang Anshi in the same period, and it was far more than Ouyang Xiu, who deliberately studied books. Unfortunately, only four of his calligraphy works have been handed down: one is the inscription of the Jiexiu City Museum, which is only sixteen characters, the second is the "Three Scrolls" in the collection of the National Palace Museum, the third is the "Neihan Thesis" in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the fourth is the seal cover of the newly excavated "Tomb of Wang Gongchen" in Luoyang.
Wen YanBo's "Neihan Thesis" is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Wen Yanbo's ability not to get lost in fame and fortune should be related to his lifelong belief in buddhism, and he practiced diligently after retirement, and did not slack off in the slightest between morning and evening and between walking, sitting, and lying down. He once made a vow, saying, "May I always strive to cultivate all goodness, may I have a heart and a breadth of knowledge." "He once gathered 100,000 people in Kaifeng with Master Jingyan to chant the Buddha, and the momentum was so great that it shocked people's hearts. At that time, someone wrote a poem: "Zhijun is as bold as the sky, willing to tie up 100,000 western relations, not for a single body to live, everyone together on the ferry." ”
In May 1097, Wen Yanbo recited the Buddhist trumpet at home and sat peacefully at the age of 91. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, he was posthumously reappointed as a taishi (太師) and was given the post of "Zhonglie". All eight of his sons held important official positions. The "History of Song" says that he "established a dynasty with great dignity, gu looked forward to it, came to the dynasty from afar, looked up at the style, and its virtue was enough to fold the imperial insult at the surface of a thousand miles."