Cultural relics are valuable objects left by people in history, they are witnesses to history, and they are the condensation of the wisdom of predecessors. History has given them a life of their own, with origins and destinations, and all we can do is respect and protect cultural relics.
As Yu Qiuyu said in the book "Art Creation Engineering": "History has its own life, it is like a person, both easy-going and self-respecting." You respect its personality, you perceive its temper, and it will give you the freedom to control it; On the contrary, if you don't really understand it but want to decorate it, to slander it, to serve it, it will be inseparable from you. ”
In the 1980s, a young boy saw his grandfather's name in a textbook, and when he came home, he learned about this widely involved cultural relics, and saw what this cultural relic with "his own ideas" was. And how to get in touch with ordinary old people.
First, grandpa's name appears in the textbook, but it leads to the story of China's national treasure
In the 1980s, a 7-year-old boy surnamed Jiang from Huangcai Township, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, was in the first grade at a local school. One day, he and a few children saw a senior Chinese history book from the teacher's desk, and the children flipped through a few pages out of curiosity.
Unexpectedly, he saw a very familiar name, he did not know how to pronounce these three, but he often saw it at home, and his father told him that it was the name of Grandpa Jiang Jingshu.
After seeing this familiar name, the little boy went back to his grandfather, and when he asked, his grandfather smiled and told him: It is indeed his grandfather's name.
Why does the name of an ordinary local farmer appear in a student's history textbook? Because behind this hides a story of ancient cultural relics.
And this cultural relic is the Four Sheep Fangzun of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. As we all know, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties had a very splendid bronze culture, and the bronzes left behind are still exquisite craftsmanship, and the Siyang Fangzun is one of the most famous of these bronze cultural relics.
Siyang Fangzun, cast in the late Shang Dynasty, has four large horned sheep cast on its abdomen, which is also derived from the name of Siyang Fangzun. The four-yang square statue is 58.3 cm high, weighs nearly 34.5 kg, the body is square, and the mouth is turned outward in the shape of a rattler, with a unique shape and exquisite casting process.
Therefore, the Four Sheep Fangzun is also called "the ultimate bronze model" by historians.
It can be seen that the value of the Four Sheep Fang zun is so high that it has become the third among the ten national treasures of China. In the history textbooks of the 1980s, the Four Yang Fangzun is prominently displayed in the Chapter on Shang Dynasty Culture. The reason why the name "Jiang Jingshu" appears is precisely because he is the discoverer of the Four Sheep Fang Zun.
Second, when the treasure was dug up, he did not know it, and he lost it for more than ten years
In April 1938, on the Zhuanerlun Mountain in Huangwu Town, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, the three brothers Jiang Jingshu, Jiang Jingqiao, and Jiang Xiqiao were going to the middle of the mountain to reclaim the wilderness and plant sweet potatoes, but they did not want to go down with a hoe to hoe out a metal artifact.
Presented in front of the Jiang Jingshu brothers is a turquoise, square metal artifact with 4 curly horned sheep's heads. The three brothers, who had little cultural education, did not know what this thing was, but from the appearance alone, it could be seen that it was extraordinary, it should be a treasure or something.
Suddenly, the three brothers of the Jiang family looked around at this treasure as if they had obtained the most precious treasure, and the three brothers wanted to use the tool to tap to see what mysteries were inside, but they did not want to knock off a palm-sized fragment on the edge of the mouth of the utensil.
After that, the Jiang Jingshu brothers took him home and weighed it about 64 pounds. Jiang Jingshu actually did not know what value this treasure was, but its appearance and color were something they had never seen before, and he once thought it was "Ugin" and cherished this object very much. When the news of Jiang Jingshu's family having a baby was spread, well-known villagers visited Jiang Jingshu's home.
In order to avoid the four sheep Fangzun being damaged by the visitors, Jiang Jingshu also invited the local squire to maintain order. Soon, some antique dealers came to buy it, and the owner of the Wanlishan store in Huangwu Town offered a "high price" of 400 oceans.
This price was undoubtedly a great temptation for the whole family, who were quite poor at that time. An item that can be picked up out of thin air can solve the urgent needs of the family, and it is already extremely lucky.
Therefore, Jiang Jingshu's family decided to sell this treasure to the shop owner. Everyone in the rich place wanted to mix a foot, so under the interference of the village chief, the chief of the security, the chief of the first and others, only 248 pieces of the 400 pieces of ocean that finally reached the hands of the Jiang family were left.
The antique dealer in Huangwu Town bought Siyang Fangzun and transferred it to another antique dealer in Changsha County. After several such transfers, the value of the Four Sheep Fang Zun can be described as skyrocketing. There is also a foreign businessman who wants to bid 100,000 oceans to take it overseas.
At this moment, the news of the unearthing of the Four Sheep Fangzun came out. Jiang Jingshu only then knew that the treasure he had picked up was a bronze relic with a history of thousands of years. It is precisely because of this that the Four Sheep Fangzun has not been sold overseas. Later, the Changsha county government discovered the Siyang Fangzun and confiscated it and stored it in the Hunan Provincial Bank at that time, hoping to wait for the future situation to stabilize and then let him live.
But what awaits is not a peaceful and prosperous world, but a more intense war. In 1938, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had already broken out in full swing, and the chaos of the war had turned Hunan into chaos. In order to escape the war, the Bank of Hunan Province moved to Yuanling County in western Hunan, and Siyang Fangzun was also one of the accompanying items.
It was just that no one thought that the Four Sheep Fang Zun was torn apart in this wandering.
Third, the reappearance of the world is already fragmented, but fortunately it is finally perfect
In 1939, siyang Fangzun was bombed by Japanese aircraft on the way to Yuanling and was blown into more than 20 pieces on the spot, which is not exaggerated to describe it as fragmented. Although the Four Sheep Fangzun had been destroyed, the guards did not abandon it, but put all the fragments together into the chest and brought them to Yuanling.
After arriving at Yuanling, the people of the bank did not have time to take care of the broken Four Sheep Fangzun, but just hurriedly placed it in the warehouse, and this release was 16 years old.
It was not until after the founding of New China, under the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, that the search for traces of the Four Sheep Fang Zun began.
In 1952, people found Siyang Fangzun broken into more than 20 pieces in the waste warehouse of the Hunan branch of the Bank of China. In order for the national treasure to restore its style, the government invited Zhang Xinru, a master of cultural relics restoration, to Hunan to restore the Siyang Fangzun.
In Zhang Xin's meticulous restoration day and night, the Four Sheep Fangzun was finally successfully restored more than two months later, reproducing the style of its national treasure-level cultural relics. After 1959, the Four Sheep Fangzun was placed in the National Museum, where it has been stored ever since.
Surprisingly, it turned out that the restored Four Sheep FangZun was not complete, and a palm-sized copper block was missing. When the First Zun was sold, the Jiang brothers did not take out the fragment, and naturally no one knew that there was such a fragment, and it was not until 1963 that it was discovered by Gao Zhixi, an archaeologist at the Hunan Provincial Museum
In 1976, he finally handed over the fragments to the state. The Jiang brothers were unwilling to sell this thing, and Gao Zhixi could not do the work of the Jiang brothers all the time. Under the repeated persuasion of Gao Zhixi, the Jiang family brothers handed over the copper block to the National Museum free of charge
Today, this extremely exquisite Shang Dynasty bronze has become a representative and symbol of ancient Chinese bronze culture.
brief summary
The Four Yang Fangzun has experienced countless ups and downs since the "re-sighting of the day": from the lack of a corner to the resale of the merchants, to the later blowing into pieces, until the final restoration and protection. Phoenix Nirvana, but this is not the case, it is also after experiencing baptism after baptism, so that the Four Sheep Fang Zun can be "reborn from the fire" and marvel at the world. As a witness to China's splendid civilization, Siyang Fangzun is the wisdom of the deceased, the proud work of Chinese craftsmanship, the inheritance of 3,000 years of history, the protection of Chinese cultural relics, and every Chinese son and daughter has the responsibility. And those who have paid to protect it deserve our respect and memory.
As we all know, since modern times, the invasion of our country by great powers has caused countless precious cultural relics to be taken away and exiled overseas, which is a national shame and also a wound of Chinese cultural relics and history. Siyang Fangzun is lucky to be able to return to the motherland after experiencing ups and downs, but there are still many precious cultural relics that are still difficult to return to their homeland, and I hope that in the near future, they can all return to the embrace of the motherland and let the world lead the brilliance of Chinese civilization.
Reference: Art Creation Engineering
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