Read the Analects once a year, 2022.00

Ten lectures in the Analects

Comment on each passage of the original book, and give each quotation cluster class;

The large categories were sorted according to certain rules, so there was a new Analects.

The first lecture is a common encouragement

The Analects can be learned and used to enhance one's self-cultivation and to improve one's ability to treat others and things and to deal with the world.

Putting "common encouragement" in the first lecture, "encouragement" is the "encouragement" of encouragement, and "common encouragement" is that everyone works together.

Let's study the Analects together and practice the Analects together.

【Common Encouragement】【Learning】【Level】

16.9 Confucius said, "He who is born to know is superior; he who learns and knows is secondary; he who is sleepy learns, and he who is second to learn; he who is sleepy and does not learn, and the people are inferior." ”

To know by birth is not to say that you are born to know, you are born to know. Then it would not be man but God.

To be born to know is to be known in relation to what is known. That is to say, I don't have to learn, just think about it. People's knowledge has reached a certain height, and it is not necessary to learn everything.

What is the talent, it is nothing more than a touch bypass, one by one, one hundred, without learning, as if it is born to know. In fact, the underlying laws of various types of knowledge are interconnected, beyond the troposphere, and can be integrated in the stratosphere.

Born to know, is born smart, do not need to learn, for the first class.

Learning and knowing is through acquired learning, that is, if you want to learn, take the initiative to learn, you can also learn, this is the second class.

To be sleepy and then to learn is to encounter trouble, not to get around, to passively learn, but also to learn, this is the third class.

Sleepy and not learning, is to encounter trouble, do not know to learn, trouble has become a roadblock, this is the fourth class.

The first class of wisdom can only be attained by saints. Confucius did not admit that he was a first class.

The second and third grades are roughly equivalent to middle people, whether active or passive learning, they must always learn to understand in order to solve problems. Confucius considered himself to be of the second class, that is, he belonged to the category of thirst for knowledge, diligent effort, hard work, and perseverance.

The fourth class is stupidity, can not be taught, can not be transformed, can only let them continue to open their eyes and blind.

17.3 Zi Yue: "Only the knowledge of the superior and the foolishness of the lower do not change." ”

Shangzhi, that is, Shangzhi, is born to know, and is extremely intelligent.

To know by birth does not mean to know everything at birth, but to know it in relation to learning. That is to say, a certain thing or a certain skill, he does not have to learn, does not have to learn to know, but think about it, deduce it and know it. The avenues are connected, and the roads are all connected.

To be stupid is to be sleepy and not to learn, to be absolutely stupid.

In between, it is the so-called middle man.

Both the upper wisdom and the lower foolishness are very few, and the vast majority of our ordinary people belong to the middle people, and the middle people are sexually close and distant from each other.

The upper wisdom and the lower foolishness are far apart, and the acquired indoctrination cannot change (nature).

【Common Encouragement】【Learning】

13.5 Zi Yue: "Recite the three hundred poems, and grant them to the government, but do not reach them; so that they cannot be exclusively paired with the four directions." Although there are many, do you think so? ”

Confucius believed that the purpose of reciting "poems" is to engage in politics, if it cannot be mastered, it will not be used flexibly, it cannot be dealt with independently in diplomatic occasions, and it is rote memorization, even if it is rotten and backwards, what is the use?

Cheng Ziyi: The poor scriptures will be used. Can the world's reciters of "poems" really be able to enter politics and specialize? However, the scholar of his, the end of the chapter, the great trouble of this scholar.

14.24 Zi Yue: "The scholars of the past are for themselves, and the scholars of the present are for themselves." ”

Learning in order to correct one's own morality and enrich one's own learning is derived from one's own interests and pursuits, pure learning, pure hobbies.

To be human, or to make a living, to advance, or to show off, is to complicate learning.

Confucius's ancient refers to the ancient, three generations. Confucius's present refers to the Spring and Autumn period in which he lived.

Xun Zi's "Persuasion": The study of a gentleman also enters the ear, the heart, the four bodies, and the form is still and still. At the end, the bat moves, and one can be the law. The learning of the villain is also into the ear and out of the mouth; between the mouth and the ear, the four inches of ears are enough to be beautiful for a body of seven feet! The scholars of the past are for themselves, and the scholars of today are human beings. The learning of the gentleman is also to beautify himself; the learning of the villain is also to think that the fowl is a calf. Therefore, it is proud not to ask, and it is proud to ask one and tell two. Proud, non-also, non-also, non-also; a gentleman is like Xiang Yi.

17.2 Zi Yue: "Sex is close, and habit is far away." ”

Confucius believed that human nature is similar, but gradually they are very different due to the difference in acquired habits.

Sex is related to words, and it is something that is born to have. Born with potential and talent.

Cheng Ziyi said: "The nature of temperament in this speech is also the basis of non-verbal nature, if it is said, then sex is reason, reason is not good, Mencius's words 'sexual goodness' is also." What's so similar? ”

A very small number of "upper wisdom" and "lower stupidity" are not in the scope of discussion.

17.8 Zi Yue: "Yuya, the female smell of six words and six hidden? Right: "Not yet." "Ju, my whispering woman." Good benevolence is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also foolish; good knowledge is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also swinging; good faith is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also thief; good straightness is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also twisted; good courage is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also chaotic; good is not easy to learn, and its concealment is also crazy. ”

Six words refers to the following six sentences.

Six shades, six kinds of unlearned evils. Cover, through "drawbacks", refers to faults.

Stay, sit, don't go, sit here and listen to me.

Foolishness, being fooled.

Twisted, speaking sharply.

The disadvantage of liking benevolence without supplementing it with learning is stupidity and easy to be fooled. "Foolish loyalty", "foolish filial piety", "foolish benevolence", dogmatism, originalism, crooked monks have read the scriptures. If you don't learn, you don't really know ren, you don't know true ren.

The disadvantage of liking to ponder but not supplement learning is that it is loose, as if it understands everything but is not solid; self-righteous, small cong in a small pattern.

Prefer honesty but do not supplement learning, the disadvantage is that it is easy to be used, but it hurts oneself; I do not know the difference between big faith and small faith, and the thief of faith is also!

The disadvantage of liking to be straight but not supplemented by learning is that it is harsh and piercing; it cannot speak, it will not speak euphemistically, and it will blindly go straight.

Preference for bravery but not supplemented by learning, the disadvantage is to cause turmoil;

Strong preferences are not supplemented by learning, and the disadvantage is arrogance.

Benevolence, wisdom, faith, straightness, courage, and rigidity are all good qualities, and it is right to like these virtues and the direction is right, but it is not enough to have preferences, and they must be supplemented by learning. If you don't learn, it is easy to go to extremes and lose your side.

But what to learn? Do you learn about culture? I think the main thing is to learn etiquette (rules).

【Mutual Encouragement】【Dating】

12.23 Zigong asks friends. Zi Yue: "Advice and good way, do not stop, do not humiliate yourself." ”

Tao, through "guide", the meaning of enlightenment and guidance.

Zigong asked how to make friends. Confucius advocated: be "loyal" to your friend, sincerely think about him, persuade him with kind words, and guide him kindly, if he does not listen, then forget it. Don't be bored.

There is still a clear difference between "friend" and "relative" and "jun".

For "friends", the union is the friend, and the non-union can break the relationship. Listening to it, we can also be friends. If you can't listen to it, the Tao is no longer a conspiracy.

Zhu Ziyi: Friends are therefore assistants, so they do their best to tell them, and they are good at what they say. Of course, the righteous one also. Therefore, it cannot be stopped. If you see it in numbers, you will humiliate yourself.

13.21 The Son said, "He who is not in the middle of the line will be with him, but he will be mad." The madman is enterprising, and the cunning is not doing anything. ”

The "Bank of China" is the middle of the line, knowing the advance and retreat, and knowing the measure.

"Crazy" is to act excessively, aggressively, and left-wing.

"Fox", juan, 4 sounds. Clean yourself, afraid of your hands and feet, afraid to do many things, right-wing.

Confucius said that if you can't make friends with the moderates, and retreat to the second place, you must also find the kind of crazy and vicious people to associate. Crazy is too much, too bad is not enough, too late, is not a good choice. But these two kinds of people also have advantages, the crazy are aggressive, and the fierce are sticking to their principles.

16.4 Confucius said, "The one who gains has three friends, and the one who loses has three friends." Friendly straight, friendly forgiveness, friendly smell, beneficial. Friendly and gentle, friendly and gentle, friendly and gentle, damaged. ”

Benefit is beneficial and cost-effective; loss is loss, not cost-effective. Confucius was very "pragmatic" in making friends.

Making friends with upright, honest, well-informed people is beneficial and rewarding to oneself; making friends with those who are flattering, hypocritical and treacherous, and those who talk about them is detrimental to oneself, and sooner or later one will suffer losses.

Straight, upright people.

Forgiveness, although it belongs to small credit, although it is somewhat stubborn, but the good villains also have the final say.

People who have heard a lot, are well-informed and have a good sense of humanity.

Pian 2, bi4, hypocrisy and treachery, flattery, work on the people who shoot horses.

Gentle, obedient on the surface, duplicitous in mouth, hidden in laughter.

Poop, rhetoric, rhetoric, clever tongues.

"Gentleness" and "Ben Yu", added together, are also clever words.

In the Analects, Confucius's exposition is mainly about "making friends", which is also the above three sentences.