The "Thirteen Remains" raised troops, unified jurchens, conquered Mongolia, founded the Eight Banners, created Manchu, established the Houjin, the Battle of Salhu, swept through Liaodong, and moved the capital to Shenyang... Nurhaci is a generation of heroes who are proficient in political strategy and good at using soldiers.
Nurhaci was originally a small official in the northeast, but because his grandfather and father were killed by mistake, he used the thirteen pairs of armor left by his grandfather and father to start a war to unify the Jurchen departments of Jianzhou. After more than 20 years of conquest, it unified the Songhua River Basin and the Jurchens north of the Changbai Mountains. In order to meet the political and economic needs of the time, the eight flags system was established. Set up a minister to discuss the government affairs with the lord of the Eight Banners. Creation of Manchu. With the increasing strength of the military, the establishment of the Houjin, self-reliant Khan. In 1618, Nurhaci read out the Seven Great Hatreds of the Ming Dynasty and rebelled against the Ming Dynasty.
In the Battle of Salhu, Nurhaci adopted the strategy of "concentrating forces and breaking through each one", which became a classic example of concentrating troops and winning more with less in China's military history. After successively conquering Shenyang, Liaoyang and more than seventy cities east of the Liaohe River, the capital was moved to Shenyang in 1625, by which time Houjin had occupied most of Liaodong. In 1626, Nurhaci launched the Battle of Ningyuan due to light enemies, and when Yuan Chonghuan defended the city, he failed to persuade him to surrender, and launched a general attack on Ningyuan City. Instead, he was defeated by Yuan Chonghuan's Portuguese-made Hongyi cannon and retreated to Shenyang, which was the only defeat in Nurhaci's life.
Ten victories and one defeat in his life, from a poor tribal teenager to a generation of founding emperors, what kind of life training did Nurhaci experience? Where is he?
First, Nurhaci formulated an important national policy of treating meritorious heroes favorably. Nurhaci not only appointed sages regardless of his relatives, but also gave special courtesy and preferential treatment to the "founding fathers" who came to vote in the early years. It was Nurhaci who recruited many talented people who contributed ideas and ideas to lay a solid foundation for the establishment and expansion of houjin.
Second, Nurhaci was an excellent military commander. Nurhaci embodied superb wisdom in military strategy and command art, concentrating troops, breaking through each other, besieging the city, combining inside and outside, riding iron horses, and making quick decisions. At the same time, Nurhaci paid attention to the innovation of weapons, and Nurhaci knew that he wanted to break the city fortress "non-artillery" during the war with the Ming Dynasty. A large number of captured guns, shells and ammunition were armed with the army to strengthen the offensive force and to practice new tactics. Nurhaci's career spanned 44 years, and history called him "a god with soldiers."
Third, Nurhaci uses military methods to manage the administration, economy and society. Nurhaci created the Eight Flags system, which unified the military, administration, and production of the Jurchen society, and implemented the unification of the five social functions of military, political, economic, judicial, and clan. Using the Eight Banners as a link, it was of positive significance to link the scattered Jurchen ministries to form a well-organized social whole under the historical conditions at that time.
Fourth, Nurhaci adopts the principle of focusing on care and complementing each other. In military and foreign affairs, Nurhaci formulated specific principles, policies, and tactics, and adopted the principle of "enwei in parallel, those who are obedient are obeyed by virtue, and those who oppose are presented with soldiers." Nurhaci also adopted the correct military strategy, he actively fought for alliance with the Mongols, and tried his best to avoid being attacked by the Ming Dynasty prematurely, until the rebellion was launched, he was not suppressed by the Ming army, which greatly contributed to the smooth progress of the cause of unifying the Jurchens.
Fifth, Nurhaci presided over the creation of the Manchu text without circle points. The Manchu text of wuhuan point was implemented in the unified Jurchen region for 33 years and played a huge role. It is more convenient for the people under his rule to communicate with each other, write official documents, record political affairs, and translate Chinese books. The large number of translated Chinese texts also enabled Nurhaci himself and his later rulers to learn a lot of experience in the history of the Dynasties of the Central Plains.
The greatest contribution of Nurhaci to the Chinese nation is that in just over thirty years, it has completed the cause of unifying the Jurchen ministries that has not been completed for hundreds of years, and has prompted the Jurchens to integrate with hundreds of thousands of people from different regions of Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups into a new national community, the Manchus.
Nurhaci was not only a brilliant military man, but also a brilliant politician. It not only realized the unification of the Jurchen ministries, but also promoted the economic and social development of the various ministries, sowing the seeds for the establishment and prosperity of the Qing Dynasty.