The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
In China's ancient history, there are countless examples of battles in which less wins more and the weak win over the strong, the most famous of which are the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Shuishui.
At the Battle of Guandu, after Yuan Shao's "own man" Xu You defected to Cao Cao, he leaked to Cao Cao the place where Yuan Shao's army was stockpiled, Wuchao, which led to Cao Cao's successful surprise attack on Wuchao, and the offensive and defensive forces of Cao and Yuan were reversed, and Yuan Shao was defeated.
In the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao credulously believed the false information obtained by "his own man" Jiang Gan, and accidentally killed the second generals Cai Mao and Zhang Yun, resulting in a huge group of water troops without a leader, and finally being burned by Zhou Yu and Huang Gai to burn Chibi, and was defeated with hatred.
In the Battle of Shuishui, Zhu Xu, the "own man" of Jian Jian, shouted "Defeat of the Qin Army" when the two armies were opposed, causing the Former Qin army to be in disarray and be defeated by the Northern Fu soldiers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Zhi Jian died and destroyed the country.
In the history of the late Ming Dynasty, there was also a famous example of a battle in which less won more - the Battle of Salhu.
Later generations, when summarizing the Battle of Salhu, mostly blamed the ming army's fiasco on the fierce party struggle, improper employment, corruption in the government, armament ruin, and division of troops in the four roads, but these stubborn diseases only appeared suddenly during the Battle of Salhu, obviously not, throughout the history of the late Ming Dynasty, these stubborn diseases tortured Daming more and more weakly, then we have to wonder whether the Ming army lost to "its own people" like Yuan Shao, Cao Cao, and Jian Jian in the Battle of Salhu.
Because "Ren Er came a few ways, I only went all the way" was bragged about too much, resulting in the four-way division of troops becoming the first cause of the defeat of the Ming army, so before we stripped away the cocoon of whether the Ming army was defeated by "my own people", we first looked at whether the four-way division of troops was the primary reason for the defeat of the Ming army.
In China's ancient military history, multi-way division of troops is not uncommon, the reason is subject to the terrain and landform, means of communication, marching methods, general military quality, to the Ming Dynasty, the military experts evolved multi-way division into a simple but very clever tactic of dividing the troops into a combination of attacks.
In the history of the Ming Dynasty, countless "ground snakes", border small strong, and frontier small overlords were all tortured by the combination of attacks, and the one who felt this most deeply was Probably Yang Yinglong, the toastmaster of Bozhou.
During the Battle of Bozhou during the Wanli Three Great Expeditions, Yang Yinglong sat with 100,000 male soldiers and relied on the mountain city defense system built by Yu Jiu of the Southern Song Dynasty that could resist the Yuan army for decades, and as a result, in the face of the Ming army's division and combined attack, he could only helplessly choose to concentrate his forces to hold Hailongtun.
Putting aside the boasting of "Zhuge Liang after the fact" and "Ren Er came a few ways, I only went all the way", during the Battle of Salhu, the Ming army still chose the tactic of dividing into attacks and combining attacks under the circumstance that the terrain of the combat area and the military strength of the combat targets were relatively similar and similar to the Battle of Bozhou, which was actually in line with common sense and could not be regarded as the primary reason for the defeat of the Ming army.
However, in history, the Battle of Bozhou and the Battle of Salhu were a great victory and a crushing defeat.
What exactly is the cause of these two different results?
First of all, there are three tactics to choose from in response to the Ming army's split attack:
1. Concentrate forces to guard key places;
2. Concentrate forces to carry out the main decisive battle with the Ming army when the Ming army is combined;
3. Concentrate forces to break through the Ming army.
Second, analyze these three tactics, the first is the most secure, the second is the most dangerous, and the third is undoubtedly dancing on the tip of the knife.
Finally, take a look at the tactics chosen by Yang Yinglong and Nurhaci.
During the Battle of Bozhou, Yang Yinglong chose the first tactic according to the mountainous terrain of the local area, relying on 100,000 male soldiers and relying on the mountain city defense system built by the Southern Song Dynasty Yu Jie, with the purpose of making the Ming army retreat in the face of difficulties, and then make the Ming court strike, but due to the tough attitude of the Ming court and the courageous attack of the Ming army, Yang Yinglong finally buried himself and the foundation of Bozhou for hundreds of years.
At the time of the Battle of Salhu, Nurhaci was so strong that he chose the third tactic directly.
Why is it said that the third tactic is dancing on the tip of the knife, because this tactic is too difficult to implement, it is necessary to grasp the ming army's combined attack targets, must understand the distribution of troops of the various major armies of the Ming army, must monitor the ming army's marching route in real time, must know the combat characteristics and command ability of the generals of the ming army, and must accurately predict the situation of the enemy and ourselves.
Looking at the ancient history of our country, such commanders are not absent, but rare, such as Han Xin.
According to historical records, nurhaci obviously did not, so why did he dare to choose to dance on the tip of the sword?
At that time, the Eight Banner Army was only three years old, the Jurchen departments had not yet been unified, Nurhaci hastily chose to dance on the tip of the sword is tantamount to self-destruction, but he resolutely chose this tactic, presumably before this someone must have given him confidence, and told him that he would have unexpected gains.
Combined with the specific conditions at that time, the people who gave Nurhachi confidence would certainly not be Li Yongfang and Fan Wencheng, but most likely "their own people" within Daming.
In order to confirm this judgment, we will look at how the "own people" defeated the Ming army in the Battle of Salhu.
Many documents have a similar sentence when describing the Battle of Salhu, "Before the four-way Ming army moves, the combat attempt is known to the Later Jin", according to the specific history of the Battle of Salhu, the "combat attempt" should include the detailed operational plan of the important military information such as the four-way Ming army's firearms equipment and the marching route.
Now there is a popular phrase "the smaller the number of words, the greater the amount of information", which means that the smaller the number of words published on the surface, the greater the amount of information behind it, according to which the sentence "the combat attempt is to be detected by Houjin", the important military information such as the allocation of weapons and the route of the army has been a first-class secret that needs to be strictly guarded from ancient times to the present, and the difficulty of Houjin to detect can be imagined, and the "own people" within Daming have taken the initiative to leak secrets to Houjin, and the situation is another story.
"His own people" leaked secrets to Houjin to explain reasonably that Nurhaci dared to choose "Ren'er a few ways to come, I only go all the way" The bottom line of the tactic is, if there is no such confidence, let Nurhaci "Ren'er several ways to come, I only go all the way" Try, Pang Juan of the Battle of Guiling is waving to him.
The leak alone was not enough to defeat the Ming army, and if Nurhaci could not quickly lead his army to defeat the Ming army of Juniper all the way, causing any of the other three Ming armies to reach the vicinity of Hetuala, he could still face the outcome of the Battle of Guiling.
However, the fact is that The Ming army of Junusson was quickly defeated by the Eight Banner Army led by Nurhaci, and no Ming army reached the vicinity of Hetuala during the entire Battle of Salhu.
Regarding the rapid rout of the Juniper army along the way, almost all the literature says that "the sky is dark and obscure, it is difficult to distinguish between the two sides, the Juniper army lit the torch lighting in order to carry out shelling, and the Later Jin Army used the torch lit by the Juniper Army to shoot at the target, killing and injuring a lot", but the "Ming Chronicle" clearly records that the car camp of the Juniper army loaded with firearms was "blocked from crossing the Hun River", so what is the use of "lit torch"?
Referring to the Battle of Shuishui, if nei should pass the offensive signal to Nurhaci through the "lit torch" and then follow Zhu Xu's example, it can explain why the Eight Banner Army was able to quickly break through the Juniper Army camp in the case of an upward attack.
After the Ming army of Juniper was quickly defeated, the spearhead of the Eight Banners Army was pointed at the Ming army of Ma Lin all the way, and as a result, the MaLin army was defeated because it happened to be blocked by the Eight Banner Army and was blocked by the Eight Banner Army in a flat Jedi in the middle of the surrounding mountains.
This situation means that Nurhaci can control the march of the Marin army in real time.
After the defeat of the Marin army, Nurhaci used the captured juniper with a bow to lure Liu Ling's Ming army all the way to the Ambush Circle of the Eight Banner Army and annihilate it.
With the defeat of the three Ming armies one after another, Li Rubai's Ming army seemed to be dispensable, but according to the situation that Li Rubai's army was from Kuandian, this Road Ming army should be the most threatening way to Houjin, because Kuandian was closest to the hinterland of Houjin, and there was also Li Chengliang's successful experience of attacking Jianzhou Sanwei through this place many times, but it turned out that Li Rubai chose to delay this strange way of marching.
Leaking secrets, internal response, real-time control of the marching route of the Ming army all the way to Ma Lin, Li Rubai's strange marching method of the Ming army all shows that there are "own people" within Daming who cooperated with Nurhaci in the Battle of Salhu, if all this was done by Nurhaci with the strength of Houjin, then he could completely fight several main battles with the Ming army like Yan Akuta, and then sweep the entire Liaodong, but in fact he did not do so, so in the Battle of Salhu, it was not the Eight Banner Army that defeated the Ming army. It is the "own person" within Daming.
[Due to the lack of historical data, we cannot find out who the "own people" who caused the defeat of the Ming army at the Battle of Salhu were, nor can we know what their intentions were, but one thing is certain, there must be cattiness behind the Battle of Salhu. 】
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time