On December 14, 2021, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China held an online conference in Beijing to focus on three important archaeological discoveries and research results in Gansu, Henan and Shaanxi. At the meeting, it was announced that the great tomb of Bailuyuan Jiangcun in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, was the imperial mausoleum of Liu Heng, the founder of the "rule of Wenjing" in the Han Dynasty.
Dust learned that among the above three important archaeological discoveries, the third emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Heng, the Emperor Wen of Han, paid the highest attention to the tomb. Until the identity of the owner of the tomb was confirmed, the tomb in Bailuyuan, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, was called the "Jiangcun Tomb". Later, the archaeologists judged that this tomb was the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han. Jiangcun Tomb is located in Baqiao District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province.
In 2016, the outer pit of the Jiangcun Tomb was disturbed, and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage decided that archaeologists from the relevant cultural relics departments would conduct systematic archaeological investigation and exploration of the Jiangcun Tomb and its nearby Tomb of Empress Dou, the Southern Tomb of Empress Bo and the "Phoenix Mouth" site that is said to be the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han. Until now, relevant experts have basically confirmed that the Jiangcun Tomb is the tomb of Liu Heng, the emperor of the early Han Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty.
Jiangcun Tomb is located at the western end of Bailuyuan in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, about 800 meters northeast of the Mausoleum of Empress Dou, about 2000 meters southwest of the Southern Tomb of Empress Bo, and about 2100 meters in the north of the "Phoenix Mouth" where the former state security unit Baling is located. Archaeological exploration confirmed that there were no Han Dynasty tombs at the "Phoenix Mouth" site, which was excluded as the possibility of a baling tomb.
Jiangcun tomb plan is "Ya" shape, the surface of the land is not sealed, the burial chamber side length of about 72 meters, more than 30 meters deep, more than 110 outer burial pits have been found around the burial chamber, the outer pit has pebble paved cemetery facilities (tentatively named "Stone Boundary"), the side length is about 390 meters, and there are gate sites on the front and outside of the four sides of the stone boundary, which is speculated to be an independent Imperial Tomb (Empress Dou's Mausoleum also has an independent Hou Mausoleum). The remains of the cemetery wall found outside the Jiangcun Tomb and the Mausoleum of Empress Dou are speculated to be in the same mausoleum, which is about 1200 meters long from east to west and about 863 meters wide from north to south. Archaeology has excavated 8 outer pits of Jiangcun Tomb, and unearthed more than 1,500 pieces of pottery figurines, copper seals, copper carriages and horses, iron tools, pottery, etc., and the copper seals have "Chefu", "Instrument House", "Riding Thousand People in China", "Fuyin", "Cangyin", "ZhongsikongYin", etc., indicating that the outer Tibetan pits around jiangcun tombs should be built to imitate the actual official office and the government treasury. The shape and scale of the Jiangcun Tomb are in line with the highest level tomb specifications of the Western Han Dynasty, coupled with the distribution of the Tomb of Empress Dou and empress Bo around it, experts confirm that the Jiangcun Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han.
Speaking of Baling, we have to mention one of the representatives of the new bureaucratic group at that time cultivated by Liu Heng, the Emperor Wen of Han, Zhang Shizhi. Wang Liqun, a professor at Henan University, once used "You are my eyes" to describe Zhang Shizhi's importance to Emperor Wen.
"Although there are countless Hanting sages, they are exaggerated and interpreted all over the world." It can be understood that posterity has a high evaluation of Zhang Shizhi. Zhang Shizhi gave good advice to Emperor Wen of Han in many ways, and one of the important issues was that he had "discussed the burial of the tomb" with Emperor Wen of Han.
Once, Emperor Wen of Han was worried that his tomb would be stolen by his descendants, and discussed with his courtiers how to build his tomb to be the safest.
Emperor Wen's original idea was to reinforce, reinforce and reinforce! The ministers in the court agreed.
Only Zhang Shizhi, who was the general of Zhonglang at the time, opposed it. He advised Emperor Wen of Han that as long as His Majesty's mausoleum contained many treasures, no matter how strong the tomb was, it would still be stolen by people, and if there were no or few treasures that could not arouse the desires of others, they would naturally not be stolen. The implication is to avoid theft through "thin burial".
As we all know, in ancient funerals, it is very important to accompany burials, especially the emperors are to be buried thickly, and Zhang Shizhi proposed a "thin burial" that is different from ordinary people's common sense. Emperor Wen of Han thought for a long time and said, "Or are you right?" ”
With Zhang Shizhi's advice, Emperor Wen of Han adopted the "thin burial", which made the tomb robbers of the Baling Tombs destroyed very little, which was very rare among the many imperial tombs.
Emperor Wen of Han, Liu Heng, was the fourth son of Liu Bang and the third emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. His mother was Bo Ji, and his empress was the famous Dou Yifang.
Because of Liu Bang's favor for Bo Ji, Liu Heng was born. This is Liu Heng's "first time so lucky". In addition to this favor, Liu Bang never came to Bo Ji again. Bo Ji and Liu Heng have not been pleasing to Liu Bang. Because of this, when Liu Bang divided the princes surnamed Liu, he divided his fourth son Liu Heng into the Daiguo, which is now Taiyuan, Shanxi. Taiyuan is quite good now, but at that time, compared with Liu Fei, the king of Qi, the fief was in present-day Shandong, and Liu Ruyi, the king of Zhao, Liu Bang's favorite son, was fiefed in today's Hebei, and the daiguo was neither developed nor relatively remote.
After Liu Bang's death, lü shi took the title. In the 16 years of the reign of Emperor Hui of Han, Liu Ying and Lü Hou, Liu Heng Boji did things with his tail between his legs. After the death of Emperor Hui of Han, Lü Hou almost killed Liu Bang's son, and only King Zhao and Lü Hou killed three people, Liu Ruyi the King of Zhao, Liu You the King of Zhao, and Liu Hui the King of Zhao. King Zhao became synonymous with death at that time, and none of Liu Bang's sons wanted to be King Zhao.
At that time, Lü Hou wanted Liu Heng to go to Zhao To become the King of Zhao, but Liu Heng refused Lü Hou's order on the grounds of "guarding the border for his mother-in-law". Coupled with the fact that Bo Ji Liu Heng's mother and son had a very low sense of existence in the Han Dynasty for more than 10 years, Lü Hou inexplicably agreed. Refusing to be the King of Zhao, Lü Hou unexpectedly agreed, which was Liu Heng's "second luck".
During Lü Hou's reign, she disobeyed Liu Bang and all the meritorious men who "are not meritorious and not marquis, not Liu is not the king." If you violate this oath, the whole world will condemn it" The oath of alliance, arbitrarily sealing the Lü clan as king, caused dissatisfaction among the meritorious factions and the imperial faction of the Han Dynasty. When Lü Hou was alive, she was very bullish, and no one dared to mess with her. As soon as Lü Hou died, the heroes Chen Ping and Zhou Bo jointly succeeded their father Liu Fei as Liu Xiang, the King of Qi, and killed the Lü clan, and the Han Dynasty returned to Liu's hands.
Just when choosing who to come out as the emperor of the Han Dynasty, the lieutenant Zhou Bo and the right chancellor Chen Ping started their own small calculations. Originally, Liu Xiang had the greatest merit in killing the Lü clan. But the two thought to themselves, Liu Xiang is young, has the ability, and has the courage, once Liu Xiang has become the Son of the Great Han, will the heroes still have a good life?
The heroes thought about it and finally remembered Liu Heng, who was the king of daidi. Although in the process of eliminating Zhu Lü, Liu Heng did not contribute either money or force, but he was "stupid" and easy to control, so Zhou Bo Chen Ping made Liu Heng the acting king Liu Heng emperor, for Emperor Wen of Han. This is Liu Heng's "third luck".
Looking at Liu Heng's 46-year life journey, it is not an exaggeration to say that he is the "luckiest person" of the Han Dynasty and even the feudal dynasty for more than 2,000 years.