On March 31, the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country in 2021 were released, namely: Sichuan Daocheng Pirao Ruins, Henan Nanyang Huangshan Ruins, Hunan Lixian Jimingcheng Ruins, Shandong Tengzhou Gangshang Ruins, Sichuan Guanghan Sanxingdui Ruins Sacrifice Area, Hubei Yunmeng Zhengjiahu Cemetery, Shaanxi Xi'an Jiangcun Tombs, Gansu Wuwei Tang Dynasty Tuguhun Royal Tombs, Xinjiang Weili Keyak Kuduk Beacon Ruins, Anhui Fengyang Ming Zhongdu Ruins. The top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 2021 are sponsored by China Cultural Relics Newspaper and China Archaeological Society, and from March 30 to 31, the final evaluation meeting will be held in Beijing in the form of an online conference. Song Xinchao, deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, announced this year's selection results at a press conference.
List of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country in 2021
(In chronological order)
1. Sichuan Daocheng Pirao Ruins
2. Huangshan Ruins in Nanyang, Henan
3. Ruins of Jiming City in Lixian County, Hunan
4. Gangshang Ruins in Tengzhou, Shandong
5. Sichuan Guanghan Sanxingdui Ruins Sacrifice Area
6. Hubei Yunmeng Zhengjiahu Cemetery
7. Shaanxi Xi'an Jiangcun Tomb
8. Tuguhun royal tomb group in Wuwei Tang Dynasty, Gansu
9. Xinjiang Yulikyak Kuduk Beacon Ruins
10. Anhui Fengyang Ming Zhongdu Ruins
Sichuan Daocheng Piluo Ruins: Exquisite stones reflecting the history of ancient humans conquering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Excavation units: School of Archaeology, Peking University, Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Project Leader: He Jianning
The average altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is more than 4,000 meters, and the climatic conditions of alpine and hypoxia pose a severe challenge to the survival of ancient humans, and the process of conquest and adaptation to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has always been an important topic that plagues the international academic community.
In order to further explore the historical process of ancient human conquest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, since 2019, the Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology has organized a professional team to carry out a special archaeological survey of the Paleolithic era in the Western Sichuan Plateau, and the Pirot site was discovered in May 2020. At the end of April 2021, the Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the School of Archaeology of Peking University conducted an active archaeological excavation of the Pirao site, and the first phase of field excavation was successfully completed in early November.
The excavation revealed a number of ancient human activity surfaces, unearthed more than 7,000 numbered specimens, all of which are stone products, of which more than 40% are artificial products with clear traces of blows, including more than 600 stone cores, nearly 700 stone chips, more than 500 tools, nearly 800 broken blocks, more than 600 fragments, and nearly 50 gravel pieces.
According to the stratigraphic relationship, accumulation characteristics and relics discovery, the discovery of the seven formations can be preliminarily divided into three stages: the main body of the formation-layer is sandstone core-stone flakes, the stripping strategy is simple, and the tool combination is mainly edge scraper, concave device, serrated blade, chopper, etc.; the stratigraphic layer has newly appeared exquisite hand axes, thin-bladed axes and other artifact types made of slate as the main raw material; the number of quartz small stone nuclei with more complex layer stripping procedures has increased, and the size of tools for two-sided processing has been reduced The whole constitutes a rare Paleolithic cultural "triassic". The three stages of the Pirao site have found that there are stone products and manual handling of gravel densely distributed paleoantin habitation surfaces. Preliminary collation shows that about 20% of the stone products are "burned stone", which may be related to the more frequent use of fire; the stone tool assembly group is found in layers; and the semi-circular "stone circle" remains surrounded by flat gravel are also found in the layer, indicating that humans have engaged in activities such as using fire and making stone tools at the site.
The Daocheng Pyro site is the Paleolithic site with the largest area, the most complete strata preserved and the richest and most diverse cultural types found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau so far, filling the gap in the paleolithic archaeology of the region and even the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The hand axe, thin-bladed axe and other relics found at the Pirot site are the remains of the highest Ashley technology in the world at present, and it is also the most typical, most exquisitely made, most mature technology and most complete combination of Ashley in East Asia. At the same time, Pirao and other sites in the western Sichuan Plateau with hand axes fill a key spatial gap in the East Asian Ashel technology system. The era of the Pilo site is in the stage of the origin of modern man, and the discovery of a large number of cultural relics, fire behaviors, "stone circle" relics and carved traces provides valuable evidence for us to interpret the ability of ancient humans to adapt to the natural environment, life patterns, technical patterns and behavior patterns.
Huangshan Ruins in Nanyang, Henan: The ancients of the Central Plains dug ditches and canals here to make jade
Excavation units: Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Nanyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Project Leader: Ma Juncai
The Huangshan ruins are located in the southeast of Huangshan Village, Pushan Town, Wolong District, in the northeast of Nanyang City, on the west bank of the Baihe River, and are distributed in and around a small 17-meter-high earth hill composed of a five-level terrace. From May 2018 to November 2021, a long period of continuous active archaeological excavations were carried out here. In 2020, the project was listed as a key project of "Archaeological China - Research Topic on the Civilization Process in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River".
Archaeological excavations have determined that the site is a central settlement site with distinct characteristics of neolithic Yangshao culture, Qujialing culture and Shijiahe culture jade tool making, which has the largest site area, the highest specifications and rich connotations in the Nanyang Basin, reflecting the basic characteristics of the cultural exchange and integration of the north and south in the late Neolithic period, and providing key materials for discussing the process of social complexity and civilization in southwest Henan.
The neolithic jade ware production remains of the site are supported by Dushan jade as a resource and assisted by jade from other places, and there is a law of changing the "home-style" workshop group in the late Yangshao period to the "group" production mode in the Qujialing period, and the Shijiahe period also produced jade ware on a large scale, filling the gap in the Neolithic jade handicraft system in the Central Plains and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Together with the remains of bone making, it provides an important clue for exploring the specialization of handicraft production and the social division of labor at that time.
Yangshao Cultural Fangju-style building complex is one of the best preserved prehistoric buildings in China, with high walls, complete internal facilities, and a large number of relics preserved in situ, reproducing the basic scenes of the ancients making jade tools and life. In particular, the largest "front and back dwelling" 7-unit large-scale long-room F1 with an area of more than 150 square meters is extremely rare. Most of the Qujialing cultural tombs represented by the large tomb M77 are well preserved and the members of the society are hierarchical. The discovery of possible woven function into bundled bone needles provided an important material for the archaeology of prehistoric textiles on the mainland. The prehistoric wharf nature of the ruins found at the site is the first time in the Central Plains, and together with natural rivers, artificial rivers and ring moats, it constitutes a waterway transportation system, reflecting the ancients' attention to and ability to use water resources.
According to incomplete statistics, a total of nearly 1800 sandstone jade tool grinding rods, 5672 grinding blades, 308 grinding files, 7 drill bits, 3 drill pipe caps, 272 stone hammers, 13 stone balls, more than 50 complete grinding stone piers, more than 15000 residual grinding stone piers, more than 300 stone blanks, 274 stone cores, 1021 artificial stone pieces, about 300 stone tools, 50 jade pieces, 3518 pieces of jade, more than 4500 pieces of jade, 50 pieces of bone tools, nearly 700 pieces of pottery, There are more than 1600 pig mandibles, and a large number of jade, stone tools, pottery and a small amount of jade are preserved in situ. A millstone pier is even painted with maroon figures labor, lying pigs, and orchid writing intentions, which is a masterpiece. The texture of the stone tools is mainly monolithic stone, mainly agricultural tools and weapons. The types of agricultural tools include hammers, axes, shovels, hammers, chisels, knives, etc., and weapons include cymbals and hammers. Jade is mainly Dushan jade, followed by yellow wax stone, quartz, Han white jade, etc., some are calcite and agate, and the types of jade are 耜, axe, shovel, antimony, chisel, huang, beads and so on. Bone organs mainly include hammers, needles and so on. Pottery mainly comes from urn burials and housing sites, a few are from ash pits, and the types include bowls, pots, dings, bowls, pots, jars, and so on.
Ruins of Jiming City in Lixian County, Hunan Province: The prosperity of rice cultivation civilization has contributed to the evolution of ancient culture, ancient city and ancient country
Excavation units: Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, College of Archaeology, Sichuan University
Project Leader: Guo Weimin
The ruins of JimingCheng are located in Jimingcheng Village, Linan Town, Lixian County, Changde City, Hunan Province, located in the Liyang Plain in the northwest of Dongting Lake, 13 kilometers southwest of the Chengtou Mountain Ruins. The archaeological work of the site began in the 1990s, as a key project implemented by the "Chinese Civilization Exploration Project" and "Archaeology China", from 2018 to 2021, the Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with the College of Archaeology and Literature of Sichuan University, carried out field archaeological work on the site of Jimingcheng for four consecutive years, with a total excavation area of 1850 square meters, of which 800 square meters were excavated in 2021.
During the Shijiahe culture period, Jimingcheng formed a network of water systems composed of city sites, ruins outside the city, outer ring moats and ditches, and the moat settlement clusters composed of rice fields between them, presenting a social picture of the prosperity of prehistoric rice farming civilization, and providing important information for understanding the origin of Chinese civilization and the ways and means of early state formation from the perspective of rice farming.
A number of important relics were revealed in the city site, among which the F63 scale was large and the preservation was complete, which refreshed the history of continental wooden architecture. In addition, the weight of the restored rice grain at the site is 22,000 kilograms, the accumulation of chaff in a large area, and a series of large-scale building pedestals, which are also rare major discoveries in field archaeology in recent years.
The Jimingcheng settlement has completely experienced the complete process of prehistoric rice farming society from initial complexity to the origin, development, prosperity and decline of civilization, and is a typical specimen for studying the process of prehistoric society and civilization on the mainland. It can also be roughly judged from this that the Liyang Plain Chicken City Settlement Group with good ecological diversity relies on the support of its own rice farming economy, and completely evolves the whole process of ancient culture, ancient city and ancient country with land, agriculture and population as factors.
Gangshang Site in Tengzhou, Shandong: 31 tombs are hierarchical, revealing the key to the formation of the early state
Excavation unit: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Project Leader: Zhu Chao
Tengzhou is located in the southwest foothills of the Taiyi Mountains, the north, east and south are low hills, and the west is the low-lying Weishan Lake area, forming a relatively independent geographical unit. The site is located on both sides of the Yihe River in the east of Chengang Village, Dongshahe Street, Tengzhou City, and can be divided into three parts: east, west and south according to the river and highway. From September 2020 to January 2022, the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated the site for two consecutive years, with a total excavation area of about 1,100 square meters. Extremely rich remnants of the late middle and late Dawenkou culture have been found, including a circle of rammed earth walls and trenches, 31 tombs, 7 housing sites and a large number of column pits or pillar holes related to the housing site.
The middle and late Dawenkou culture (around 5,000 years ago) was a key node in the origin of Chinese civilization and the formation of early states. The discovery of a large city site at the Gangshang site, together with a number of coffin systems showing the sharp division of society, the concentration of wealth in large tombs, the protruding utensils box, and a set of ceremonial utensils represented by pottery and jade bone and tooth ware, provide first-hand materials for the empirical Haidai region and even the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization. The scale of the two cemeteries at the site is not large, and the phenomenon of different types of tomb groups is particularly clear, which is the result of the planning of the spatial layout of the cemetery, which is of great significance for the study of the nature of the cemetery in the middle and late Dawenkou culture, the structure of the family population and the form of social organization.
In addition, the mass production of a large number of Ming ware pottery and the emergence of high-grade jade, stone, bone, and horn ware show the professional development of the settlement handicraft industry in the Dawenkou period of Gangshang.
Sichuan Guanghan Sanxingdui ruins sacrifice area: the shape and ornamentation of some cultural relics have never been seen before
Excavation unit: Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Project Leader: Thunderstorm
The Sanxingdui site is located in the western suburbs of Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, in the Tuojiang River basin in the north of the Chengdu Plain, with an area of about 12 square kilometers. The newly discovered relics and cultural relics in the sacrifice area of the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan province, have further enriched the cultural connotation of the Sanxingdui site, and will also deepen the study of the sacrifice scene and sacrifice system of the Sanxingdui site and the ancient Shu culture, and make up for the shortcomings and gaps in the previous research in this regard.
Since the start of excavation in March 2020, a total excavation area of 1202 square meters has been excavated, and 6 "sacrifice pits", 78 ash pits, 55 ash ditches, 341 pillar holes, 4 housing sites and 2 tombs have been found, and the distribution range and internal layout of the sacrifice area have been preliminarily clarified.
6 "sacrifice pits" unearthed more than 12,000 pieces of cultural relics (nearly more than 2,300 pieces of complete vessels), including more than 1,000 pieces of bronze, more than 520 pieces of gold, more than 530 pieces of jade, more than 120 pieces of stone tools, more than 13 pieces of pottery, and more than 450 pieces of complete ivory were extracted, important cultural relics include gold masks, bird-shaped gold leaf ornaments, bronze statues of kneeling figures, bronze heads, bronze heads, copper masks, copper statues, copper statues, copper "altars", copper dragons, jade zhang, jade ge, jade chisels, sacred tree pattern jade, Jade seats, jade knives, stone ge, pottery dwarf collar urns, pottery pointed bottom cups, silk fabric residues, ivory carvings, sea shells, etc., some of the cultural relics have never been seen before.
Hubei Yunmeng Zhengjiahu Cemetery: An important historical node in the great unification of the Qin and Han Empires
Excavation units: Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Yunmeng County Museum
Project Leader: Luo Yunbing
Zhengjiahu Cemetery is located in Chengguan Town, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, the southeast suburb of the site of Chuwangcheng, with a total area of about 150,000 square meters, and about 3,000 meters west of the Sleeping Tiger Cemetery. Since May 2020, the Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Yunmeng County Museum have conducted joint excavations on this issue.
The excavation of the cemetery is divided into three areas: A, B and C. In 2020, a total of 196 tombs in Areas A and B were excavated, all of which were tombs of the Chu people and their descendants after the Qin occupied Anlu. There are more than 700 pieces of burial items, and the pottery combinations are ding, dun/box, pot and mane, cup, bean, pot, etc., and a small amount of copper, jade and lacquered wood.
In 2021, 116 tombs in Area C will be excavated, covering an area of 1,800 square meters. Area C is the tomb of the Qin people after the Qin people occupied Chudi Anlu, and a batch of precious written materials unearthed from it are of great academic significance. In particular, the long text wood shape system unearthed from M274 is rare and rich in content, and the historical events such as "Strategist Zhu Lobbying the Qin King's Words of Righteousness" and "The Battle of Weiyue Suxu", which are not recorded in the literature, provide new materials for discussing the circulation and evolution of documents such as "Warring States Policy", and provide new written materials for studying the political relations and war relations between countries in the Warring States period.
Through the excavation and comprehensive study of the Zhengjiahu Cemetery, it is possible to understand the distribution relationship between the occupiers and the occupied people in the living space after the Qin occupation of the Anlu area, the mutual competition and influence of each other in culture, and then discuss the transformation from blood relations to geographical relations of the people living in the same geographical space during the Qin and Han Dynasties from a more macroscopic perspective, as well as the historical position and role of Qin culture and Chu culture in the formation of a unified and diversified structure of Han culture.
Jiangcun Tomb in Xi'an, Shaanxi: The exact location of the Tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was determined
Excavation units: Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute, Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology
Project Leader: Ma Yongyi
Jiangcun Tomb is located on the eastern outskirts of Xi'an city, on the Bailu Plain, about 2,000 meters north of the "Phoenix Mouth" that was handed down as the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han. According to archaeological data, the mausoleum area of the Han Dynasty Emperor Baling, where the Jiangcun Tomb is located, covers an area of nearly 30 square kilometers. The project began archaeological survey and exploration work in 2006, and archaeological excavations have continued since 2017, with a total excavation area of 6,050 square meters.
The Great Tomb of Jiangcun in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, determined the exact location of the Tomb of Emperor Wen of Han, negated the traditional understanding that the "Phoenix Mouth" was the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han, further negated the speculation that there was a cliff tomb in the Tomb of emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and solved the problem of the name of the Eleventh Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty. The basic grasp of the scale, shape, layout and connotation of the Western Han Emperor's mausoleum, including the Han Emperor's Mausoleum, provides detailed archaeological data for the study of the formation, development and evolution of the Western Han Emperor's mausoleum system, and lays the foundation for the in-depth study of the ancient Chinese imperial tomb system.
The double mausoleum of Baling, the center of the imperial tomb, and the layout of the outer pit around the imperial tomb of the symbolic official office are the earliest appearances in the Western Han Emperor's Mausoleum, indicating the initial establishment of the political concept of the Western Han Empire in which the emperor is exclusive and centralized; the "rule of inaction" of the Changling and Anling in the plane pattern of the Baling Tombs, and the "Confucianism of The Sole Respect" of the Lower Qiyang Tombs, Maoling, Pingling and Duling are the key links in the development and evolution of the Western Han Imperial Tomb system, and at the same time, they also reflect the trend of the development and change of the national political ideology and ideology of the Western Han Empire.
The excavation of seals, sealed mud and other cultural relics with characters from Baling confirms the construction concept of "Mausoleum Ruoduyi" and Imperial Tomb "imitating the real Western Han Empire". The gold and silver ware with grassland style found in the Outer Tibetan Pit of Nanling is direct evidence of the cultural exchange and integration of agriculture and animal husbandry in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and witnesses the historical development trend of Chinese civilization from "pluralism" to "integration".
Tuguhun Royal Tomb Group of Wuwei Tang Dynasty in Gansu Province: Revealing the history of the integration of tuguhun ethnic groups into Chinese civilization
Excavation units: Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Wuwei Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County Museum
Project Leader: Chen Guoke
The Tuguhun Royal Family Tomb Group of the Wuwei Tang Dynasty in Gansu Province is located in the southwest of Wuwei City, Gansu Province, at the northern foot of qilian Mountain, mainly distributed on the hills on the north bank of the Binggou River and the middle and lower reaches of the Dashui River in the Southern Mountains of Wuwei. In recent years, the Tuguhun Archaeological Project Team has been established under the leadership of the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and the archaeological and cultural relics protection and research work on the tomb group has been carried out continuously.
After the investigation and excavation of the Tuguhun royal family tomb group, a total of 23 Tuguhun royal tombs were confirmed. In fiscal 2021, archaeological excavations were conducted on three tombs in the Changling-Machangtan area of Qilian Town, Tianzhu County, clarifying the approximate scope of the "Great Khan Mausoleum" in Tuguhun. The tomb shape, specifications, and layout of a number of Tuguhun royal tombs represented by the tomb of Murong Zhi, the king of Tuguhun Xi, have been initially solved, and various types of pottery figurines, town tomb beasts, lacquered wood practical utensils, pottery containers, silk fabrics, iron, gold, silver and other horse harnesses, weapons and epitaphs have been excavated, which provide important physical materials for the study of the burial system of tuguhun royal tombs and the genealogy of the Tuguhun royal family. The excavation of this tomb group is of great value to promote the research of the history of ethnic relations between the Tang And the Silk Road, the history of transportation, the history of material culture, the history of arts and crafts and other related fields, and also enriches the material and cultural materials of the Silk Road and expands new research directions.
Through continuous archaeological work, the tombs of the Wuwei Tuguhun royal family can now be preliminarily divided into three major mausoleum areas, namely the Chashan Village Area (Great Khan Mausoleum Area) represented by Murong Zhi's Tomb, the Qingzui-Lama Bay Area (Yanghui Valley Mausoleum Area) represented by the tombs of Princess Honghua and Murong Zhong, and the Changling-Machangtan District (Baiyangshan Mausoleum Area) represented by the Dang Tombs.
The tomb group as a whole shows the distribution characteristics of "large concentration and small dispersion" and the characteristics of tomb site selection of "Niugang Remote Area, Horse Mane Open Grave" and "Ground Dragon Pile". The tombs all have the basic characteristics of high-grade tombs in the Central Plains in the early and middle Tang Dynasties, mainly based on the Tang Dynasty burial system, and have cultural factors such as Tuguhun, Tubo, and Northern Grassland. The discovery of this tomb group enables us to vividly reveal the historical facts of the tuguhun people's gradual integration into the Chinese civilization system from the literal and physical level, and glimpse the changes in historical details such as the ideological concepts, material life, and cultural identity of the Tuguhun people in the Tang Dynasty.
Xinjiang Yulikyak Kuduk Beacon Site: A testimony to the Tang Dynasty's central government's management of the Western Regions
Excavation unit: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Project Leader: Hu Xingjun
The site of Xinjiang's Yulikk Kuduk Beacon is another major discovery in Recent Years in China's Frontier Archaeology and Silk Road Archaeology, which is of far-reaching significance. The site of beacon is the former site of the Tang Dynasty "Sand Pile Beacon", which is the first active archaeological excavation of the Tang Dynasty Beacon in China, which systematically reveals the whole picture of the Beacon Site and provides a wealth of first-hand physical materials for the study of the ancient border military construction on the mainland.
The excavated documents are the largest number of Tang Dynasty documents excavated from archaeological sites so far, and the documents are rich in content, involving military, political, economic, cultural, legal, transportation, social life, religious beliefs, etc., many of which are discovered for the first time and have high historical research value. The large number of practical application documents unearthed greatly supplemented many details of the tang dynasty border defense and made up for the lack of details of the tang dynasty military literature.
The newly discovered military institutions and routes of different levels filled the gap in the historical documents about the defense system of Yanqi Town, one of the four towns in Anxi in the Tang Dynasty. The results of archaeological excavations show the close connection between Shaduifeng and the surrounding Fengpu, Zhenshu, Duhufu and Xiyu Kingdoms, which empirically proves the effective jurisdiction and governance of the western region by the central government of the Tang Dynasty.
Sand piles and excavated relics are important historical witnesses of the tang dynasty's central government's management and operation of the western region, a continuation of the Great Wall to the west, and a frontier memory of the homeland and the world. It has played an extremely important role in maintaining the smooth traffic of the Silk Road, ensuring national unity and social stability in the western region. It is also an important physical teaching material that expounds the pluralism and unity of the Chinese nation and builds a solid sense of the Chinese national community. The archaeological achievements of Shaduifeng have important academic value for the study of archaeology, history, philology, military history, calligraphy art and so on.
Anhui Fengyang Ming Zhongdu Ruins: The Transition from the Yuan Capital to the Forbidden City in Beijing
Excavation units: Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Palace Museum
Project Leader: Wang Zhi
Both the Ming and Zhong were the first capital cities built according to the regulations of the Beijing Division in the early Ming Dynasty, and undertook the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the capital city system, which had a great influence on the urban planning of Nanjing and Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The shape of the palace in the former dynasty area of the Ming Dynasty has been a mystery due to the unknown historical records, and the archaeological excavations from 2015 to 2021 have clarified the layout of the main hall and auxiliary buildings of the former Ming Dynasty, which has greatly promoted the understanding and research of the Ming Capital.
Now it has been more completely exposed that the layout of the palace site and some of the ancillary buildings in the former dynasty area of the Ming and Zhongdu has been revealed, and the architectural layout restored from the pier has similarities with the palace form of the Yuan Dadu and the Forbidden City in Beijing, which can be considered as a transitional form between the two, thus confirming the historical role of the Ming and Zhongdu in the history of the ancient Chinese capital city, and adding the information on the key links in the transformation of the ancient Chinese capital from the Song and Yuan dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The main palace had a profound impact on the inheritance and innovation of the palace system and planning ideas of the Yuan Dynasty and the formation process of the planning mode of the northern and southern capitals of the Ming Dynasty, which was of great value to the comparative study of the palace architecture and its institutional culture in Nanjing, Zhongdu and Beijing in the early Ming Dynasty. It also fully reflects the historical process of the exchange and integration of various ethnic cultures and the pluralistic integration of Chinese civilization. The discovery of the Loess Terrace in the center of the front hall is of great value to the study of the planning and construction ideas and practices of the ancient capital city selection and site selection of the mainland. The exploration of the above-ground and underground structures of each group of buildings and the attention to the order and process characteristics of rammed earth construction have laid a solid foundation for further deepening research. The excavation of the palace and Tushanmen ruins is an important practice of urban archaeology and architectural archaeology, which adds valuable information to the study of the site selection, layout and construction techniques of "soil work" and "stone work" in the early Ming Dynasty.