After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, how did Zhu Yuanzhang treat Mongolian women, not seeing blood but being cruel?
Since ancient times, china has been a multi-ethnic state, and ethnic integration has occurred many times, some of which have been forced and some of which have been policy-oriented. The period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms was the integration of nationalities with war as the carrier, and some people called the Central Plains Lu Shen, which was a great disaster for the Han people. The Rebellion of the Eight Kings caused the foreign races to take advantage of the opportunity to invade the Central Plains, and the foreign races led by the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Xianbei, Qiang, and Qi occupied a large area of territory in the north.
The North did not end this chaotic era until the unification of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the Northern Wei learned the lesson and began to accelerate sinicization, and with the development of the times, it eventually created a huge Sui and Tang dynasty, and the openness and pluralism of the Tang Dynasty were also the products of multi-ethnic integration.
The formulation of national policies is extremely important to a regime, and if it is not done well, there is a high probability of endless wars, and if it is resolved well, it is a blessing for the people.
The reason why the Yuan Dynasty existed only for ninety-eight years stemmed from the tyranny of the rulers and the cruel ethnic policies. The Mongols looked like a group of barbarians, who could be invincible on the battlefield, but could not regard themselves as the masters of the Central Plains, constantly plundering and oppressing, and soon revolts broke out one after another, and then their rule could no longer be supported, and could only be replaced by others.
The path of insurrection does not indiscriminately kill innocents
Zhu Yuanzhang's tragic experience stemmed from the tyranny of the Yuan Dynasty, under the cruel rule of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's parents and siblings died tragically, and Zhu Yuanzhang himself also begged along the streets and went to the temple to barely satisfy. Finally, he had to take up arms and join the wave of overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty.
Theoretically, Zhu Yuanzhang should have taken crazy revenge on the Yuan Dynasty with hatred, but Zhu Yuanzhang did not do so. Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born in cloth, has already experienced all human sufferings, but has not brought disasters to the human world, which is the greatness of Zhu Yuanzhang.
The only thing that is criticized is that Zhu Yuanzhang's general Chang Yuchun, Who is often born with outstanding ability and talent, but he has a very bad problem, that is, he likes to slaughter the city. Zhu Yuanzhang had strictly ordered him to restrain his strength, which stabilized the situation, otherwise ethnic contradictions would further intensify and it might take longer to pacify Mongolia.
After crossing the river, Zhu Yuanzhang issued an order:
"Unveiling the ban on plundering." Some pawns disobeyed orders, beheaded, and the army was solemn. ”
Looting and looting are prohibited, and if a soldier violates a military order, he will be punished under military law. War is the most terrible of man-made disasters, and countless people will be separated and lose their lives because of this, and it is Zhu Yuanzhang's enlightened policy that has saved countless lives.
After capturing Jiqing, Zhu Yuanzhang still did not kill innocents indiscriminately, but made an example of Anmin. Historical records:
"Yuan Zheng is disturbed, and the gang is swarming." I have come to remove the mess of the ears of the people, and their respective security is the same. The magi use it with courtesy, and the old government is inconvenient to get rid of it, and the officials do not be greedy and tyrannical and harm our people. ”
The Corruption and Cruelty of the Yuan Dynasty caused the smoke to rise suddenly, I just came to eliminate the harm for the people, please do the same, the virtuous people we will reuse according to the etiquette, the inappropriate laws will be removed, and the officials cannot abuse the people. The people cheered and rejoiced, and after Zhu Yuanzhang appeased the people, he changed the name of Jiqing to Ying Tianfu.
After Zhu Yuanzhang founded Daming, he issued such an edict:
"When the ancestors of the past entered China, their descendants were idle, they showed mercy to the people, and the heavens hated it. The king is guilty, and the people are not guilty! At the time of the revolution of the previous generation, the soldiers and soldiers were added together, and they were as close as enemies, and they could not bear it. On the day of the city of Shuai Ke, the generals of Er, without plundering, without burning, without killing people, will make the city difficult to wanton and the people will live in peace. All the ancestors of the Yuan are treated kindly. ”
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty occupied the Central Plains, their descendants were absurd and lazy, and the people were miserable, and even the heavens were tired of it. What does the sin of being a monarch have to do with the people? I have strict requirements for my subordinates, not to loot, not to kill people indiscriminately, not to harass the people, and the relatives of the Yuan Dynasty should be kind. Zhu Yuanzhang was already benevolent and righteous to the People of the Yuan Dynasty.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, many Mongols in the Central Plains withdrew to the northern steppes, but hundreds of thousands of Mongols remained, and dealing with these Mongols became a problem of trouble. If Zhu Yuanzhang gave an order and let the army slaughter all these people, it would also be a matter of minutes, not that Zhu Yuanzhang did not have this ability, but that he thought more.
Enlightened ethnic policy
Zhu Yuanzhang knew very well that if he wanted to resolve ethnic contradictions, he had to treat these Mongols kindly, of course, these Mongols must also obey the management, and those who committed adultery should be severely punished. In order to solve these thorny problems, Zhu Yuanzhang issued a series of policies.
The first Mongols left behind had to learn Chinese, changed their names to Han Chinese names, and were required to wear Han costumes. This is similar to the policy of Tuoba Hong, emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, wearing Hanfu, changing the Xianbei dialect to Chinese, changing the Han surname, except that the Northern Wei was a spontaneous reform, and these Mongols were passive reforms.
Historical records
"The edict restores the crown like the Tang system, and prohibits Hu clothing, Hu language, and Hu name."
The Mongols who remained had long been accustomed to the life of the Han Chinese because they had lived in the Central Plains for a long time, and they did not want to live that kind of hard life in the steppe again. In fact, as long as they do not threaten the safety of the people, the people do not care about the ruler, and they still have to do what to do.
For the submissive Mongols, as long as they obeyed the administration, they could still live in peace.
Most importantly, Zhu Yuanzhang's requirements for Mongolian women were that they must marry Han Chinese, Mongolian men must marry Han girls, and if they intermarried within the Mongols, both of them would be punished as slaves.
Historical records:
"The Mongol and Semitic clans, who live in China, are allowed to marry Chinese families, and are not allowed to marry themselves. In violation of the law, both men and women were confiscated into the official as slaves. ”
Wearing Hanfu for a long time, living according to the Han people, speaking Chinese, after getting used to it, it is a standard Han, if it is not a difference in appearance, it is difficult to distinguish. Getting Mongolian women to marry Han Chinese is for national assimilation, and Han chinese themselves account for the majority, and it is not difficult to assimilate hundreds of thousands of Mongolians.
After a long period of intermarriage, these Mongols and Han Chinese were not separated, and the woman's husbands were all Han, and ethnic contradictions no longer existed. Without spending a single soldier or killing a single person, we can successfully solve this big problem, which can be described as killing three birds with one stone. Zhu Yuanzhang also set up an enlightened official selection system that treated the Semites and Mongols equally, and as long as you were talented, you could hire them out of the box, regardless of origin.
In order to encourage ethnic integration, Zhu Yuanzhang took the lead in recruiting several Mongolian concubines in the harem, and officials followed suit and made corresponding contributions to ethnic integration. Assimilation of blood and cultural assimilation was quite terrifying, more terrible than the use of knives and guns, and after assimilation, these Mongols and descendants could no longer have the slightest thought of rebellion, because they were already Han Chinese.
The reason why leaders can be leaders is because they are smarter than ordinary people, and Zhu Yuanzhang is exactly like this, he has solved such thorny problems and resolved many contradictions with a long-term vision and soft policies. Why many peasant leaders participated in the anti-Yuan uprising, but only Zhu Yuanzhang controlled the world, this success is no accident.