See the "mansion" of princess Taiping

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Top News Henan Business Daily reporter Fu Shoupeng trainee reporter Yang Xiaowen / Picture Part of the picture provided by Luoyang Archaeological Research Institute

There are new discoveries in Archaeology in Henan. On December 14, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage held an important progress meeting on the major project of "Archaeology in China", and reported three important archaeological achievements, including the Jiangcun Tomb in Xi'an, Shaanxi, the Zhengpingfang Site in Luoyang, Henan, and the Tuguhun Tomb Group in Wuwei, Gansu. Among them, the suspected Taiping Princess Residence, Confucius Temple and Guozijian were found in the ruins of Zhengpingfang in Luoyang.

Luoyang discovers the "mansion" of the suspected Princess Taiping

Located at the junction of Zhao Village and Xigang Village in Anle Town, Luolong District, Luoyang City, luoyang Zhengpingfang ruins are one of the important Lifang ruins in guochenglifang district of Luoyang City in the Tang Dynasty, and are also the location of the Tang Dynasty Confucius Temple, Guozijian, and Taiping Princess Residence (later changed to Anguo Female Taoist Temple) recorded in the literature.

Since April last year, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Luoyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology have formed a joint archaeological team to carry out archaeological excavations at the site of Zhengpingfang in Luoyang. Zhengpingfang is 464.6 meters wide from east to west, 533.6 meters long from north to south, and the width of the walls is 1.3 meters to 1.4 meters. The square is divided into three parts by a "D" shaped road: the western half of the square, the southeast district and the northeast district.

Wang Ju, a researcher at the Luoyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that according to archaeological findings, the western half of the site is separated from the southeast and northeast districts by a wall, which is a large mansion, the southern half of the mansion is speculated to be a garden area, and the northern part is a residential courtyard area. The house is laid out on a central axis, with five large rammed earth platforms distributed from south to north.

"This wall also encloses the road of the normal Lane Road Cross Street West Street, the wall is wider than the square wall, and the northern part of the wall also exceeds the square wall, encroaching on the road between the squares." Wang Ju said that the Lifang system in the Sui and Tang dynasties was very strict, and it was absolutely not allowed to invade the streets and alleys, so that the residence that was not restricted by law showed that the owner of this house had a very high status. In addition, the building volume of this large mansion is very large, and the layout is basically consistent with the scale and grade of the building in the gonghuangcheng district found by archaeology, combined with the literature, it is speculated to be the residence of the Princess Taiping.

At the same time, a large group of courtyards was found in the southeast district, including three rows of independent courtyards in the east, central and west, separated by north-south passages between the courtyards, and there were pavilions (or buildings) at the northern end of the passage. Combined with the large square discovered by archaeology and the platform-based building in the north of the square, combined with documentary records, it is speculated that it is the Confucius Temple and the Guozijian, respectively.

The Taiping Princess's "mansion" occupies half of the square, and its architectural layout imitates the palace

It is understood that Empress Wu Zetian had four sons and two daughters, and the most favored of them was Princess Taiping. In 713, Princess Taiping was suspected of rebellion, was captured by Li Longji's troops, and then ordered her to commit suicide, and the mansion of Princess Taiping of Zhengpingfang was transformed into an Anguo female Taoist temple by Tang Xuanzong Li Longji. During the An Shi Rebellion, an an empress dowager was also used by An Lushan's eldest son, An Qingxu, to imprison the Tang Dynasty general Zhen Ji.

According to Shi Zishe, captain of the Luoyang Tangcheng team at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, it is speculated that the remains of the "mansion" of the Taiping Princess account for half of the lifang, and its architectural layout imitates the palace, including the Confucius Temple and the Guozijian, which are ceremonial buildings of a ceremonial nature and are a manifestation of the ancient Chinese architectural layout idea.

"The excavation of the Zhengpingfang site also reflects the traditional urban planning ideas of ancient China." Shi Zishe said that the pattern of the Lifang connecting the north and south square gates of the T-shaped street seen in the excavation, as well as the symmetrical and multi-progressive courtyard layout of the central axis, is the embodiment of the traditional urban planning ideas of ancient China, an important example of the history of the development of ancient Chinese architecture, and provides important information for the study of the history of the political system and social life in the Tang Dynasty.

"In particular, the high-ranking official residences found in archaeological excavations have not been recorded in detail in previous documents." Wang Ju said that through archaeological excavations, it is possible to infer the residence of officials of the same level at that time and the general layout of official residences. At the same time, for the Confucius Temple, Guozijian, although there are documentary records, but the Tang Dynasty Confucius Temple, Guozijian specific shape system is not clear, this time the Tang Dynasty Confucius Temple, Guozijian complete excavation, not only can see the Tang Dynasty Confucius Temple, Guozijian shape layout, but also can study its influence on the future Chinese Confucius Temple, Guozijian shape layout, to inherit Chinese culture is of great significance.

The unexcavated area of the Zhengpingfang site is expected to be excavated next year, and it is speculated that most of them are residential remains

Shi Zishe told the top news Henan Business Daily reporter that as of now, the Zhengpingfang site has excavated more than 10 areas, excavating in the southeast corner, southeast corner, the southern end of the eastern central axis, the south end of the south square gate, the southern end of the western central axis, the northern end of the western central axis, the southwest corner, the northwest corner, the north square gate, the northeast corner and other areas, with an excavation area of about 26,000 square meters, accounting for about one-tenth of the entire Zhengpingfang site.

According to Shi Zishe, "the remains of the suspected Taiping Princess's mansion account for 1/2 of the site area, while the Guozijian and the Confucius Temple each account for 1/12."

"At present, some of the excavated buildings are official-style buildings, less 'pyrotechnics', the building grade is relatively high, and the residential building areas of ordinary people have not been excavated." Shi Zishe said that it is expected that the remaining area of the Zhengpingfang site will be excavated next year, mainly concentrated in the northeast area of the site, and there will be more discoveries close to social life.

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The Sui and Tang dynasties were densely packed in Luoyang

The Sui and Tang Dynasties Luoyang City was built in the first year of the Sui Dynasty (605 AD), and continued to be used in the Tang Dynasty. It is composed of Miyagi Castle, Imperial Castle, GuoCheng Castle, Hankakura Castle and Saien.

Guocheng is bounded by the LuoHe River and is divided into two parts, south of the Luohe River is called Luonanlifang District, and north of the Luohe River is called Luobeilifang District, which is the first place of the Hundred Officials and the people to live. The streets of the city are long and narrow, and the lanes are adjacent. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, in order to facilitate management, the government planned a residential area every 500 square meters in the capital, called Lifang. There are three hundred steps in the east, west, south and north of the square, there is a cross street, the four square walls are opened in the middle, the square cross street, the square is separated by streets, each square is built with a wall, leaving a square gate, open day and night. Literature records that there were 103 fangs in the Tang Dynasty, of which 29 were in Luobei and 74 in Luonan.

Zhengpingfang is one of the most important lifangs in the Luonanlifang district of Luoyang City in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, located near the Dingding Gate of Luoyang City.

Luonanli Fang, the famous private garden garden has Bai Juyi's Ludaofang Villa, cow monk Ru's Guiren Garden, Pei Du's Jixian Garden, Li Deyu's Pingquan Villa, etc., more than 100 private gardens build mountains and stones, move the scenery naturally, flourishing flowers and forests, and win by water, which was the peak of ancient Chinese garden culture at that time.

(According to Henan Daily client)