【Fall of the country】
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Li Yannian, the governor of the Imperial Household, once sang in front of Emperor Wu: "There are beautiful people in the north, unique and independent. One look at the city of the people, and then look at the country of the people. Ning did not know that the city was falling into the country, and it was difficult for beautiful people to get it again. ”
Emperor Wu was infinitely fascinated, and sighed for a long time: "Is there such a person in the world?"
Princess Pingyang entered the speech, saying that Li Yannian had a sister, a beautiful posture, and a good dancer.
Emperor Wu summoned him and incorporated him into the harem, lady Li, who was later deeply favored.
The term "falling into the country", that is, used to describe the beauty of women, is quoted many times in literary works.
【Broken Mirror Recirculation】
In the Southern Dynasty, Prince Chen shed xu Deyan, and his wife was Princess Lechang, the sister of Emperor Chen. Because of the great chaos in the world, the country died without a day. I am afraid that once the country is destroyed, when the chaos is gone, the husband and wife will be separated, so the bronze mirror will be broken into two, and the husband and wife will each hold half of it, and meet him on the fifteenth day of the first month of the year to sell the mirror city to seek a meeting.
Soon, Chen Guo was destroyed by Sui. The princess was captured by Yang Su, the Duke of Yueguo, a major vassal of the Sui Dynasty, and was extremely favored.
Deyan wandered to the capital, and encountered a servant selling broken mirrors on the street, which was in line with the half of his hiding. The inscription poem says: "The mirror goes with the person, and the mirror returns to the person." There is no shadow of Chang'e, leaving the bright moon in the air. ”
The princess saw the poem and wept bitterly. After Yang Su learned about it, he was greatly moved and finally reunited them.
Later, the couple was reunited after separation with the metaphor of "breaking the mirror and reuniting".
【Zhangtai Liu】
The Tang Dynasty poet Han Hong was one of the ten talents of the Great Calendar, and when he lived in Beijing, he had a Ji Liu clan, and his talent was complete.
Later Han Yu served as an aide to Hou Xiyi, the envoy of Ziqing Jiedushi. At the time of the Anshi Rebellion, he did not dare to take Liu Shi to his post. After three years of separation, they could not be reunited, because they sent a message to Liu Shiyun: "Zhang Tai Liu, Zhang Tai Liu, in the past, is it still here today?" Even if the strip looks like an old hanging, it should be folded by others. ”
The Liu clan also has a word cloud: "Willow branch, Fangfei Festival, hateful every year to give parting." A leaf with the wind suddenly announces autumn, even if the king comes to fold? ”
Because of her beauty and solitude, she was afraid of accidents, so she became a nun. Soon after being robbed by the Fan general Sha Zhaoli, Hou Lai Yuhou rescued Xu Jun with a trick and was reunited.
Later generations named Han Yu to send the word "Zhangtai Liu".
"Zhangtai Liu" is also used as a way to climb the fold, and the willow wall flower refers specifically to characters such as prostitutes.
【White Cloud Dog】
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jiyou served in the shogunate of Yuzhang County.
The poet Du Fu had a friendship with Wang Jiyou, pitied him for his erudition but was frustrated in his career, and was betrayed by his wife, and wrote a poem "Lamentable", the first four sentences said: "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes, and Si Must change like a dog." Throughout the ages, everything in life is universal. ”
The poem uses the clouds in the sky to turn over the pale and yellow changes, comparing the glory and ups and downs of life.
"White Cloud Dog" is used as a metaphor for the rapid changes in the world.
The Song Dynasty poet Zhang Yuangan has the sentence "The white-clothed dog becomes a floating cloud, and the floating name of the ancient times gathers dust". See Du Gongbu Collection.
【Face Peach Blossom】
The Tang poet Cui Hu, with very beautiful qualifications, traveled alone in Chang'an Nanzhuang in the Qingming Dynasty, to a village, saw flowers and trees, and there was no sound. Because of his thirst, he knocked on the door and asked for pulp.
For a long time, a woman answered the door and held a glass of water to sit down. The woman leans alone in front of the court with a peach blossom inclined river, and her posture is very moving; her gaze is opposite, and she seems to have infinite affection.
Cui Hu picked at it with his words, and should not. Look at each other for a long time. Cui resigned, and the woman was sent to the door, as if she was overwhelmed.
The following year, Cui Hu recalled this matter, and he could not be encountered, and visited again, only to see that the gate courtyard was the same, and the flat lock was empty. In addition to melancholy, it is inscribed with a poem on the door title: "Last year and today in this door, the faces of people are red with peach blossoms. People don't know where to go, and peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze. ”
In the poems of later generations, the "peach blossom on the face of a person" is often used as a metaphor for the sad mood of a man meeting a woman and never seeing him again after coming.
【Stringless piano】
Tao Yuanming, a poet of the Jin Dynasty, although he was not good at playing the piano, put the phrase "stringless piano" and stroked the piano as sustenance whenever he was drunk.
The Song Dynasty literary scholar Ouyang Xiu composed "On the Qin Paste", claiming that he had obtained three pianos in succession, and one was more expensive than the other. "The more prosperous the official, the more expensive the piano, and the less happy it is."
When he was appointed to Yiling County, the sun was adjacent to the green mountains and rivers, so the qin was not good and he was comfortable; After the official to the house, after the bachelor, running between the dust, vanity fair, the mind is confused, even if you play the famous piano, it is boring.
Yin Yun: "It is known that people are not in the piano, and if the mind is self-sufficient, there is no Xuan." ”
Su Shi's "Qin Poem" Yun; "If there is a sound on the piano, why not sound it in your ears?" If the voice is on the finger, why not listen to the king's finger? ”
The sound of this statement is not in the piano, and its meaning is translated from Tao Yuanming's "stringless piano". See "The Biography of Prince Zhaoming And Tao Jing"
【Leafy】
The Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu, when he was serving as an aide in Xuancheng, was invited by Cui Shishi of Huzhou to be a guest.
In Huzhou, he met a young girl, who was at the end of the year and was very fond of her, and married her ten years after parting.
After that, he traveled for many years, until fourteen years later, he was appointed as the Assassin of Huzhou, and Fang returned to the old land, and the young girl who met that year had been married for three years and had given birth to two sons.
Du Mu was overwhelmed with sorrow and composed the poem "Sighing Flowers" to express his regret. The poem says, "Since the spring is late, there is no need to worry about the time of flowers." The wind fell deep red, and the green leaves were full of branches. ”
Later generations used the "green leaves" to refer to the woman as having married and having children.
The Song poet Ouyang Xiu also had a similar experience, once had a poem cloud: "Liu Shu has gone to the spring color, and begonias should hate me for being late." The language is different, and the poetry of "green leaves" of Du Mu is realized.
See "Li Qing Collection", "Chronicle of Tang Poetry", "Biography of Tang Caizi".
【Mirror Flower Water Moon】
Flowers in the mirror, the moon in the water, the world often uses metaphors for illusory and unattainable things, but poets often use metaphors for hazy and ethereal moods.
For example, Song Yanyu used Buddhism to discuss poetry and advocated mysterious enlightenment, he said; "Therefore, its wonders are thorough and exquisite, and cannot be moored, such as the sound of the air, the color of the picture, the moon in the water, the image in the mirror, the words are endless and the meaning is endless."
He also said of Xie Zhen's discussion of poetry clouds: "Poetry can be solved and cannot be solved, it does not have to be solved, if the water moon mirror flower, do not mud its traces." ”
Use the "mirror flower water moon" as a metaphor for the ineffable wonders of poetry.
【Candlelight Night Tour】
"Nineteen Ancient Songs" has "Life is less than a hundred, often with a thousand years of worry." The days are short and the nights are long, so why not swim with candles".
When Cao Pi was the son of the Prince of Wei, he befriended Wu Qian. In the twenty-second year of the epidemic in Jian'an, when literati such as Xu Zhao, Liu Zhen, Chen Lin, Wang Yue, etc. all died of dysentery, Cao Pi should write a book and Wu Qian, and persuade him to entertain himself when he was sorry.
In the book, there is a sentence that "the ancients thought of the night tour of the candle, and the good has the same", and the posterity used the metaphor of "the night tour of the candle" to enjoy the timely pleasure.
Li Bai's "Spring Night Feast Peach and Plum Garden Sequence" uses the original language of Cao Pi, and only one "si" word is omitted.
Later, it was extended to look at the flowers with candles. For example, Tang Baijuyi's "Cherishing Peony Flowers" "The wind of the Ming Dynasty should be blown out, and the night should be red to see the fire", Li Shangyin's "Drunken Flowers" "After the guests scattered wine woke up late at night, they even held red candles to appreciate the residual flowers", and Song Sushi's "Begonias" "Only afraid of sleeping in the middle of the night, so burn high candles to illuminate red makeup", all of which attack this meaning.
【Green Plum Bamboo Horse】
Li Bai's "Long Gan Xing" "Lang rode a bamboo horse and went around the bed to get green plums." Living together for thousands of miles, two little guesses", describing the innocent and innocent young boys and girls, intimate and playful shapes.
He also used the metaphor of "two little unsuspecting" to refer to the innocence and purity of young men and young women, and they got along well with each other. For example, "Chatting with Zai Zhiyi." Jiangcheng": "Weng has a daughter, the small character Jiangcheng, with the same armor as the birth, when they are eight or nine years old, two small no guess, playing together every day." See Li Taibai Collection (Source: Zhongcai Text)