She was the first heroine in history to lead a peasant uprising, but no one could call out her full name, only that the world called her "Lü Mu", a native of Haiqu County, Langya County (present-day Rizhao City, Shandong Province) at the end of the Western Han Dynasty.
Why is it called Lu Mu?
The Lü family is a wealthy local family, and Lü is only her husband's surname. Mother Lü and her husband and wife are in love, and the two people also gave birth to a son, named Lü Yu, which can be described as a happy family and a harmonious and happy life. However, her husband died early, and Lü's mother and son Lü Yu depended on each other for their lives, but their families were rich and their lives were not greatly affected. Most of the peasant uprisings in history were due to the difficulties of life due to political oppression, but from the perspective of her family situation, Lü Mu was not short of money, so why did Lü Mu organize a peasant uprising?
The fuse of lümu peasant revolt - Lü Yu
After Lü Yu's father's death, he ran the family business that his father left for them. He was diligent and studious, and Lü Mu vigorously supported him, and later Lü Yu was appointed as the county youhui, in charge of the inspection and arrest, and Lü Mu was also very pleased. During Lü Yu's tenure, it was Wang Mang who was in charge, and the people's taxes were extremely heavy. Lü Yu went to collect taxes on the orders of the county zai, and did not punish the poor people who could not pay the taxes according to the orders of the county zai, so he was convicted and executed.
Mother Lu had already experienced the pain of losing her husband before, and now she had lost her son, and asked which woman could endure such grief. In a fit of grief, Lü Mu decided to take revenge.
The beginning of the peasant revolt of Lü Mu - to win over people
Lü Mu was not a brainless and reckless person, so she tried her guts on her salary, scattered her family wealth, used the cover of opening a tavern, bought swords and clothes, secretly contacted people, and bought people's hearts. When there were young adults who drank wine and did not pay for it, Lü Mu allowed them to pay on credit; some people were short of clothes and food, and Lü Mu took the initiative to help. A few years later, Lü's family was depleted, and the people who had been favored by her were ready to send money to help her. Mother Lü took this opportunity to tell the inside story of the county slaughtering her son, and sought the help of all the peasant righteous soldiers to avenge her son Lü Yu!
Lü Mu's rebel army and officers and soldiers fought guerrilla warfare, sometimes on both sides of the Gu River, and sometimes avoided the island, which can be described as mysterious. At that time, natural disasters were frequent, the tax burden was heavy, and the peasants were forced to be helpless, so they came to participate in the Lümu Uprising. It didn't take long for the rebel army that followed Lü Mu to grow to thousands.
Lü Mu successfully took revenge - captured the county zai alive
In the fourth year of Tianfeng (17 AD), Lü Mu declared herself a general, and sacrificed herself to the heavens at the tutai in the western foothills of Kui mountain, with high morale, and led all the soldiers to work together to kill Haiqu City. There is no doubt that the rebel army successfully broke through Haiqu City and captured the county zai alive. Among them, there are many people who intercede for the county slaughter, but how can the revenge of killing the son not be repaid? Lü Mu did not hesitate to behead the county magistrate in public and brought his head to her son's grave to pay homage.
Lü Mu became famous for continuing to rebel against Wang Mang's tyranny
Langya Commandery Taishou sent troops to Haiqu County to suppress the rebel army. Lü Mu made precise arrangements, divided his troops into two routes, and led some of the rebel army to retreat along the Gu River by boat, and some of them to retreat on foot along the banks of the Gu River. Under the suppression of the government, Lü Mu and the rebel army had to temporarily inhabit the island, but this did not dispel their idea of overthrowing Wang Mang's tyranny, but instead lit a torch for the subsequent peasant uprising. The rebel army continued to grow, and Lü Mu led the rebel army to sneak ashore at a favorable time to attack the officers and soldiers. Wang Mang tried to reconcile with the rebel army and sent emissaries to negotiate, but in failure, the rebel army's resistance was still in full swing. But Lu Mu did not wait for the day of success. In the fifth year of Tianfeng (18 AD), Lü Mu died of illness.
After Lü Mu's death, her subordinates left the island to return to land, partly joining the Chimei Army led by Fan Chong, and some defecting to the peasant rebel armies such as Qing calves and Tongma. In September of the fourth year of the new Mangdi Emperor (23 AD), the Green Forest army invaded Chang'an, and Wang Mang was killed by the rebel army and the entire clan was destroyed. After the Green Forest Army established its own regime, liu Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty was established as emperor, with a new era name and a history called the beginning of the regime. In the first three years, the Green Forest Army was attacked by the Chimei Army and Liu Xiu's army, and it collapsed, Liu Xuan surrendered to the Chimei Army, sacrificed the Imperial Jade Seal, and the first regime collapsed.
To some extent, Lü Mu can also be regarded as a success. As the leader of the rebel army, although Lü Mu's initial motives may not have been pure, for the vast number of poor people, the rebel army she led undoubtedly gave them a glimmer of light and hope, and her team also became an important force to overthrow Wang Mang's tyranny, and in this regard, she was also a great leader.
On the cliffs of the Guhe River in the western foothills of Kuishan in Rizhao, Shandong, the point of the Lümu Uprising still exists, later known as Lümugu, which became the memorial site of the leader of the first peasant uprising in China.
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