"Poverty, a pure and simple life, is precisely where we revolutionaries can overcome many difficulties!"
Slowly unfold the majestic, simple and pure life of martyr Fang Zhimin, you can deeply feel the deep connotation and infinite power contained in this sentence -
On August 21, 1899, on the sixteenth day of the seventh lunar month of the 25th lunar calendar of the Qing Dynasty, a boy was born in a family surnamed Fang who had been farming for generations living in the fish pond of Hutang Village, Goyang County, Jiangxi Province. The boy's milk name was Zheng Hu, the original name was Yuanzhen, and later a scientific name, called Zhimin.
When he was a child, Fang Zhimin was weak and sickly, handsome in appearance, and only learned to walk at the age of four, and the people in the village saw that this child was weak and could not help but be windy, handsome and pitiful, and called him "Lady zhenggong".
The "Lady of the Palace" was born and raised in a poor family, and the Fang family was very worried, thinking that this child would be difficult to support. But after two or three years, the Fang family's worries disappeared, and they were surprised to find that this child not only suddenly became hardened, but also had a rebellious and stubborn Fang Gang blood in his bones.
At that time, when he was hungry, he would ask his mother with a disobedient face, why did the rich man's family have steamed bread to eat, but our family did not?
In 1906, the seven-year-old Fang Zhimin reached the age of studying, because there was no money in the family, his father did not want him to read, but Fang Zhimin did not do it, insisted on reading and literacy, his father was entangled in no way, had to borrow money from the rich man, for him to go to private school.
Studying at a private school, Fang Zhimin was very restless, and he was naturally resistant to the rotten things of the old society, so Mr. Private School did not punish him with a ruler. However, the discipline of the old society did not make Fang Zhimin become "disciplined", on the contrary, he became more and more jealous and hateful, and dared to do it.
In the winter of 1910, the eleven-year-old Fang Zhimin returned home from private school, and when he entered the village, he suddenly heard a miserable cry.
Walking along with the crying, it turned out that it was Shao Xiangchen, the landlord bully of the lacquer town in the ninth district of Geyang, who was bullying the poor and miserable. The poor man in front of him was a lonely widow, and because she had a headache, she once gave Shao Xiangchen a black cloth on credit and covered her head. Who would have thought that the black-hearted Shao Xiangchen would actually lend a dollar in a black cloth, collect five corners of interest every month, and also be conducive to rolling profits. At the end of the year, the widow could not afford it, and Shao Xiangchen instructed his subordinates to force the debt, and the widow begged bitterly, but in exchange for beatings and raids.
Seeing that the poor people were oppressed like this, Fang Zhimin clenched his fists and held a strong breath in his heart, thinking about how to give this poor widow a bad breath.
A few days later, Fang Zhimin secretly prepared a stinky straw handle, and then ran to the town with a cigarette, taking advantage of the fact that there was no one, and violently inserted the straw on the "wealth gate" of the landlord bully Shao Xiangchen, and then pasted a white note on it.
Chinese New Year's EveChinese New Year's Eve night, Shao Xiangchen rushed to open the cai gate, and the straw dipped in stinky smashed directly on his head, Shao Xiangchen threw off the straw and looked at it, only to see eight words written on it: Look up and see the ghost, open the door to invite disaster! “
After doing this very pleasant thing, Fang Zhimin's heart was very proud, and the villagers knew that they all praised others for being small and bold.
At the age of twelve, because his family was really poor, Fang Zhimin was forced to drop out of school. In the following years, he had been working as a farmer at home, and the poor people in the village had problems, and he always ran forward and backward, trying to help. At the age of seventeen, the villagers felt that if this future life came out, it would not be bad for everyone, so they worked together to send him to the county high school, hoping that he could have a good future.
For Fang Zhimin, the prefectural high school is a vast new world, where he read many progressive books and began to accept the influence of the new cultural movement ideologically. Before he did not understand where the root cause of the poverty of the poor lay, but now he began to gradually understand that only by overthrowing the dark and evil ruling class could the poor turn around and see the light. A truly new young man should never study to be a stinky official in the old world, but to fight and struggle for the poor.
At that time, there was a large landlord surnamed Zhang in the county who wanted to get a "provincial councilor" to be the pawn, and Fang Zhimin was very angry when he learned that he spent money everywhere to buy "votes." He mobilized his classmates to jointly write a notice to expose his ugly deeds.
The next day, Fang Zhimin's notice caused a sensation, and his classmates advised him to quickly find a place to hide, otherwise he would not be retaliated against by the landlord Zhang. But Fang Zhimin replied to his classmates that I have the confidence to fight against the ugly.
Not long after, as the classmate said, the landlord Zhang found Fang Zhimin with great momentum and threatened that if Fang Zhimin did not write a statement saying that he had been instigated by the evil people and framed the good people, his men would have to beat him to death.
In the face of the threat, Fang Zhimin calmly and calmly said that I had already written a letter to the newspaper and the police station, and if I couldn't go back tonight, someone would send the letter out. Then, the evil deeds you have committed to killing students will be known to all the people of the province.
The landlord surnamed Zhang had no idea that a sixteen or seventeen-year-old student still had such a hand, thinking about it, and finally scolding and grinning back.
After this trouble, the landlord surnamed Zhang was notorious and failed to become a parliamentarian, while Fang Zhimin became the most famous student in Geyang County.
In 1918, for the sake of the future and destiny of the country, new young people throughout the country were running and shouting passionately, and Fang Zhimin also joined in organizing a progressive group "Nine District Youth Club" in the school.
In the autumn of 1919, with the enthusiasm of "serving the country through industry", Fang Zhimin was admitted to the mechanical major of the preparatory class of jiangxi provincial industrial school in Nanchang with the first place in the county. In the broader world of Nanchang, he read progressive publications such as New Youth.
At that time, Fang Zhimin's chest was filled with hatred for the old society, and he was determined to use the pen as a weapon to carry out the struggle of the new youth. After deliberation, in 1920, he sent his novel Virgo "Catch the Thief" to Shao Lizi, the editor-in-chief of the "Awakening" supplement of the Republic of China Daily.
In this novel, which was praised by Shao Lizi, Fang Zhimin issued a sharp question about the old society: "Is a thief a bad thing?" The warlords, politicians, capitalists, and landlords who are everywhere are not the big thieves who wield the spear? Why is it that the thief is at ease and is revered, while the thief is hanged up and beaten here? ”
At that time, this industrial school, in Fang Zhimin's view, was also a microcosm of the dark old society, and the principal Zhao Baohong not only withheld the students' food expenses, but also embezzled and corrupted, nepotism.
In order to expose the dark corruption of the school, Fang Zhimin stayed up for two nights and wrote a two-act script "The Strange Phenomenon of Private School". In the play, there are three main characters: the principal, the principal's wife, and the principal's son. The principal is the leader, the principal's wife can't even read, but dares to give lessons to the students, the principal's son, all day long, nothing to do, only know the bell.
As soon as this absurd drama was performed, progressive youth applauded. Principal Zhao Baohong watched the play, became angry, and threatened to severely punish Fang Zhimin. Not to be outdone, Fang Zhimin posted a notice on campus that he had "expelled the principal" and publicly declared war on Zhao Baohong.
Unfortunately, Zhao Baohong represented the dark and stubborn old forces, and Fang Zhimin was eventually expelled from the school.
But at that time, Fang Zhimin had grown up, he had extraordinary talent, like a torch burning with passion, in the autumn of 1921, with the idea of looking at the outside world, he was admitted to a Tongwen Academy that focused on English teaching, Jiujiangnan Weilie University.
Here, because he read Marxist works such as Capital and the Communist Manifesto, Fang Zhimin's thought underwent a qualitative sublimation, and he finally understood some of the problems that had been bothering him, and understood that socialism was the bright future of China.
As a strivers who always think of the poor, Fang Zhimin's heart has always had a fierce cry, and in May 1922, at Nam Wai Lie University, he wrote his first prose poem "Crying" - as if there were countless people crying around me! The more you listen carefully, the more poignant and moving it becomes! Eight-tenths of the rice and wheat we have exchanged for our blood and sweat has been squeezed out by the landlords, and the little left is enough for our wives and children! We cattle and horses generally do transportation in the soot and dust, running, and the daily income is only a few small oceans, and when the disease comes, we have to go at the mercy of the god of death!
Fang Zhimin's "Crying" is by no means a disease-free groan. With sincere love for the poor and with deep hatred for the old society, when this "Crying" was written, Fang Zhimin's lung disease was committed and he vomited blood.
In order to find spiritual sustenance and practice the bright path in his heart, in June 1922, Fang Zhimin angrily dropped out of school and then ran to Shanghai alone, just to find the Socialist Youth League.
In Shanghai, Although Fang Zhimin's stay was short, it was the most important turning point in his life. During this short period, he found the party organization and the central leading organs, became acquainted with Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai, Yun Daiying and other famous leaders of the CPC, and successfully published the immortal chapter of "painting the blood and tears of the poor" and the documentary vernacular novel "Plotting Things".
After a year and a half of baptism, one day in March 1924, Fang Zhimin finally ushered in the most memorable moment of his life. On this day, in a small room at the Nanchang Printing Factory, Fang Zhimin gloriously joined the Chinese Communist Party and left his oath to join the party.
"Communist Party member is a very honorable term, I joined the Communist Party, became a Communist Party member, how proud I am!" From then on, everything I had, until my life, was handed over to the Party. “
After joining the party, if leading the jiangxi peasant movement was the prelude to Fang Zhimin's revolutionary struggle career, then launching the lacquer town riot was the beginning of his leadership of the armed struggle.
One "Hanyang-made", one "Three-Eight-Style", and one "Nine-Ring Mauser" were cut off from the barrel of the gun, and these two half-guns were all the weapons that Fang Zhimin was able to master at the beginning. However, relying on the fearless revolutionary spirit and flexible revolutionary tactics, by April 1929, Fang Zhimin had led the establishment of the Soviet governments of Geyang and Hengfeng Counties, and created the 14th Regiment and 1 Company of the 2nd Division of the Second Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.
In June of that year, as chairman of the Goyang County Soviet Government, Fang Zhimin presided over a joint meeting of the county party committees of Geyang and Heng counties, at which the erroneous idea of burying a gun and fleeing was criticized, and the correct strategy of adhering to the anti-"encirclement and suppression" was determined.
In the nearly five years since then, Fang Zhimin has gone to many places in Fujian, Zhejiang, and Gansu to organize peasant uprisings, build up revolutionary armed forces, and wage an arduous and desperate military struggle against "encirclement and suppression" with the Kuomintang reactionaries.
Relying on guerrilla tactics such as "attacking the west with sound, avoiding the real and being virtual," "eating when you can eat, and running if you can't eat," as well as the revolutionary tactic of going deep among the masses and struggling hard, Fang Zhimin not only led a Red Tenth Army capable of fighting good battles and winning ten battles and ten victories, but also created a large area of "Fang Zhimin-style" base area praised by Mao Zedong.
During this arduous and brilliant revolutionary period, in that red revolutionary base land, Fang Zhimin left many awe-inspiring historical moments, the most shocking of which was his simple style and adherence to poverty.
Fang Zhimin served as the CCP
When he was chairman of the Fujian-Zhejiang-Gansu Soviet, he had a jujube red horse, but he rarely rode it, either to the wounded and sick or to camel supplies. In 1933, the base area in northeast Jiangxi wanted to send a batch of silver oceans captured by local tycoons and captured to the Central Soviet Region, and the number of these silver oceans was very large, with two boxes of gold, five hundred and two boxes each, and forty-eight boxes of silver, four hundred yuan per box. At that time, the Red Army had no cars, and could only carry them on their shoulders, and Fang Zhimin said to the comrades in charge, let my horses do this work. The comrade in charge said, No, this horse was ridden by the commander marching and fighting. Fang Zhimin said, this horse is not specially for me to ride, you have to think about how heavy the shoulders of our warriors are when transporting this batch of silver oceans.
At that time, the food in the Red Army ranks was very poor, and all year round was red rice and pumpkin soup, and there were few other dishes. Once, Fang Zhimin's lung disease was committed, and the cook was distressed by him, and specially cooked him a little white rice porridge with salt. When this bowl of white rice porridge was brought to Fang Zhimin, he resolutely refused to drink it and asked to send it to the wounded and sick.
Fang Zhimin told his comrades that as a Communist Party member and revolutionary, the more difficult he is, the more he must adhere to a belief, salt is salty and salty, and no salt is light.
One year, seeing that the life of the Fang family was too hard, the villagers came to give advice to Fang Zhimin's old wife, Jin Xianglian, and your son is now the chairman of the Fujian-Zhejiang-Gansu Soviet Government, and it is time to ask him for some.
The old woman listened, felt that her son was out of the way, and filial piety to her father and mother were righteous, so she went to her son to ask for money. Seeing that the old woman opened her mouth to ask for money from herself, Fang Zhimin shook the old woman's hand in pain and said: I am the chairman, but I am the chairman of the poor, where is the rich official. As for the money, I don't have it now, and I will definitely send it in the future. Now that the revolution has only just begun, everything is still very difficult, and our daily meals are only seven cents.
When the old woman heard that her son was the chairman of the poor, she patted her son's shoulder and instructed, "When you are an official of the poor, you must do more good deeds for the poor", and then returned home with peace of mind.
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In early October 1934, Fang Zhimin received a telegram from the Central Military Commission, asking him to reorganize the anti-Japanese advance team going north, attacking southern Anhui, opening up new areas, and going north to resist Japan. When the advance detachment first set out from Ruijin, it was precisely at the critical juncture when the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign in the central base areas was facing failure, and another mission entrusted to the advance detachment by the Central Military Commission was to attract and mobilize a part of the enemy in order to cooperate with the strategic shift of the main central Red Army and cover the Central Red Army's long march to the west.
In such a critical situation, an advance detachment of only a few thousand people had to go north alone, and some people were quite pessimistic and depressed in their thinking; at this time, Fang Zhimin resolutely and resolutely undertook this heavy task with the spirit of revolutionary boldness.
Subsequently, the advance team merged with the New Red Tenth Army and local armed forces in the Gansu District of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Gansu to form a brand-new Red Tenth Army. However, when the Red Tenth Army entered northern Anhui alone, it was immediately surrounded and blocked by the Kuomintang army, and the continuous fierce battle, the troops were exhausted and the losses were extremely large.
On January 24, 1935, the large force was caught in the enemy's siege while passing through the Huaiyushan blockade line, and the troops were cut in two. After Fang Zhimin led more than 800 people out of the encirclement, he found that the large troops had not followed, and the division commander Su Yu and some other comrades asked Fang Zhimin to go to the Soviet area in the northeast of Jiangxi first, and they went back to meet the trapped large troops.
Faced with the choice, Fang Zhimin said, No! I have no reason to stay here, I'm going back and bring the big troops out.
Subsequently, Fang Zhimin ordered Su Yu to lead more than 800 people who broke out to go first, and he himself led more than ten people to sneak into the extremely dangerous encirclement again at night.
After finding the large troops, Fang Zhimin immediately organized a breakthrough, but the encirclement circle formed by the enemy's heavy troops was too dense, and the large troops broke through again and again, but they never jumped out of the enemy's encirclement.
The food was gone, the soldiers were extremely tired, and the team was scattered again and again, but Fang Zhimin was always high-spirited, and he encouraged the soldiers to say, "You can't suffer hardships, you can't die." The more bitter it is, the more it must be done. ”
On the evening of January 27, 1935, Fang Zhimin, Liu Yuxi, Wang Ruyi, Wei Changfa and four others left the Sun Pit of Huaiyu Mountain and marched to the Ninety-Nine Docks in the vast primeval forest. Soon, they lost their way, liu Yuxi and Wang Ruyi broke through from the ninety-nine docks to the Lower Mountain Dock at the junction of Dexing, and Fang Zhimin and Wei Changfa broke through from the ninety-nine docks to the direction of the Longshou Gaozhu Forest.
At night, Fang Zhimin hid in a stone coal cave. At dawn the next day, the guard Wei Changfa saw that there was no enemy search around, and secretly left Fang Zhimin, preparing to go down the mountain to find food.
However, just after walking for a few miles, Wei Longhair was found and caught by the enemy soldiers.
This was a moment of testing will, and sadly, Wei Changfa, under the inducement of surrendering a hundred oceans and a wife, shamelessly betrayed the revolution and betrayed Fang Zhimin.
Knowing that Fang Zhimin was not far away, the enemy immediately launched a large-scale search. Fang Zhimin hid from the enemy for six hours, and was finally discovered by two enemy soldiers.
After the two enemy soldiers caught Fang Zhimin, the first thing they did was to search for belongings, but Fang Zhimin's body did not even have a copper plate except for a pocket watch and a fountain pen.
The enemy soldier asked confusedly, are you Fang Zhimin? What about the money you have?
Fang Zhimin replied that I am Fang Zhimin, but I really don't have a copper plate on me.
The enemy soldiers did not believe it, thinking that Fang Zhimin must have hidden his private property, so he took out a grenade and threatened to take the money out quickly, otherwise it would be a bomb and blow you up.
Fang Zhimin said contemptuously, you don't want to make an ugly appearance, I really don't have a copper plate, you want to make foreign money from me, you are thinking wrong.
The reward of 80,000 is on top to catch you, how can you be so poor that you are jingling!
The enemy soldiers continued to search with curses and grins, from the collar to the shoes and socks, and finally found nothing.
If Fang Zhimin was a heroic revolutionary in the rain of bullets and bullets, then in the prison of the enemy, he was an immortal with great revolutionary sentiments.
In the face of the temptation of the enemy's high-ranking official Houlu and the inhumane torture, his head was always high, the ideal of revolution was always stirred in his chest, and his eyes were always looking at the bright future.
He is so fearless, so pure, so firmly believe that the new and lovely China he fought for will surely come.
The reason why he was able to possess such a great revolutionary sentiment that shocked people's hearts was, in the final analysis, as he said in "Poverty Alleviation", that the white and simple life gave him firm and infinite strength.
In the case of the truly pure revolutionary, the noble faith is never a slogan, not a flaunt, but in the simplest and simplest language, it is willing to face all suffering and always hold on to the light in the heart.
Fang Zhimin in prison, the most awe-inspiring thing is that he wears heavy shackles while writing about lovely China.
Such a Fang Zhimin not only touched history, but also touched the enemy at that time.
Gao Yipeng, a prison clerk, and Hu Yimin, a Kuomintang elder who came to persuade him to surrender, these enemies who were reformed and whose essence was not bad, later became Fang Zhimin's prison messengers, and they finally brought Fang Zhimin's famous articles in prison to Shanghai and to the world.
On August 6, 1935, Fang Zhimin, who had fought until the last moment, finally fell under the enemy's guns.
In 1957, when the Nanchang Chunjiangxi Chemical Fiber Factory began construction in Xiashawo, a pile of bones totaling seventy-nine pieces, one of which was still wearing shackles. According to the clue that the acting director of the detention center was sensitized by Fang Zhi and changed his ten-kilogram shackles to three and a half pounds of light shackles, after preliminary identification, the forensic doctor believed that nine of the bones should belong to Fang Zhimin. To ensure that the identification was correct, the remains were then sent to the Forensic Research Institute of the Ministry of Justice in Shanghai for examination. After laboratory analysis and estimation of the burial age, gender, age, height, etc., on May 26, 1958, the Forensic Research Institute officially signed an appraisal certificate, confirming that the nine bones did indeed belong to Fang Zhimin.
In August 1959, the party and the government built the tomb of martyr Fang Zhimin at the foot of Meiling Mountain in the western suburbs of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, where the loyal soul was buried in Qingshan, and the heroic martyrs could finally rest in peace.
The hero is dead, but the emotions go on.
At the end of the article, I would like to talk about Fang Zhimin's old wife Jin Xianglian.
Since that time and the only time he asked his son for money, Jin Xianglian, who returned to Hutang Village in Geyang County, also had a belief in her heart that her son was an official of the poor, and the poor would read his good, and his family's life would be hard, but one day he could see the poor live a good life.
After Fang Zhimin's heroic righteousness, for many years, Jin Xianglian did not want to believe it, after liberation, seeing that the poor people were living a good life, Jin Xianglian cried, and said vigorously in her mouth, Good! Good!
It was her call to her son.
The party and the government are very concerned about Jin Xianglian's life, and they arranged a house for the elderly in Nanchang and asked the elderly to move in. Jin Xianglian was reluctant at first, and the comrades said to her, Big Lady, this is the struggle of your hero's son, he did not lie to you.
Hearing this, Jin Xianglian no longer refused and moved into the new house with tears in her eyes.
After Jin Xianglian moved to Nanchang, the governor of Jiangxi Province personally carved a seal of "Fang Zhimin's mother". When this seal was delivered to Jin Xianglian's hand, the governor said, "Big Lady!" If you have any difficulties, if you want something, you can pick it up wherever you want, just stamp it.
Jin Xianglian held this seal for a lifetime, until her death, she did not use it once, let alone made any request to anyone, and lived a simple life.
Someone advised her that now that life is better, you should eat something good and wear something good.
The eldest bride always said that when her son was the chairman, the meal of the day was only seven points, and he ate too well and felt uneasy.
The eldest bride always had her son in her heart.
Compared with the son's noble faith, this is not the most simple belief...