The literati are crazy, and the Tang Dynasty is more poetic. "Siming has a madman, and the wind flows with He Jizhen", He Zhizhang's madness is madness; "I am a madman in Chu, Fengge laughs at Kong Qiu", Li Bai's madness is madness; "wanting to fill the gully is only loose, laughing at the madman is old and even more crazy", Du Fu's madness is neglectful, bold and unrestrained. But the person who bears the name of "neglect" is not Du Gongbu, but his grandfather, the arrogant and unscrupulous Du Zhenyan.
So, what kind of person was Du Fu's grandfather? In the "Biography of Tang Caizi, Volume I, Du Zhenyan", it is said: "Arrogant and talented, proud of the world." How does he "bully his talents"? Du Zhenyan, together with Li Zhao, Cui Rong, and Su Wei, is known as the "Four Friends of the Article". When "Su Taste is the Heavenly Official Waiter, the trial is a collection of judgments, and the people know: "The taste will die." The man asked why, "When he sees my judgment, he should be ashamed to die." "It's so powerful, this kind of killing in writing is really unheard of."
However, this was not very serious, and Du Zhenyan said even more: "My article deserves to be qu, Song is a government official, and my pen deserves to be north of Wang Xi." "That's it, the thesis Chapter Qu Yuan and Song Yu want to be your followers, and on calligraphy Wang Xizhi is also left aside by you." What a man this is! So arrogant? It is no wonder that the biography also says: "Its demure birth is similar to this" (the above is the origin of the idiom "衙官屈宋").
In fact, Du Zhenyan's arrogance, to some extent, is actually beyond reproach, as a descendant of Du Xian, a famous politician, military figure and scholar in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the Du family in Chang'an, Du Zhenyan's arrogance is completely capitalized, "Wei Du in the south of the city, go to the heavens and feet five." "These two famous families should be able to easily pick up the stars and the moon in Chang'an City, under such an identity, a little arrogant, it is also inevitable, there is nothing wrong with it, right?"
In addition, Du Zhenyan was also very talented, and together with Shen Qiqi and Song Zhiqing, he devoted himself to the reform of poetry and made a major contribution to the formalization of Tang poetry, which may also be one of the reasons for his arrogance.
Du Zhenyan is good at five-word poetry, and most of the works are in the service of the career, either should be produced poems, or reward poems. In other words, Du Zhenyan's poetry was created for only two purposes: either to pat the emperor on the back, or to establish relations with his colleagues. Fortunately, there are also excellent works in the reward poem, the most famous of which is the poem "And Jinling Lu Cheng Early Spring Tour":
Unique eunuch tourists, partial shock phenology new.
Yunxia out of the sea dawn, Mei Liu crossed the river in spring.
Lady's breath urges yellow birds, and the clear light turns green apples.
Overhearing the ancient tune of the song, I want to dip the towel.
This one-piece and poem, the author uses the original song with the same title to express his feelings and thoughts about the eunuch touring Jiangnan. In the early spring of Jiangnan, it is a pleasure to visit the scenery with friends, but the poet is like Wang Yue denglou, "although I believe in beauty but not my land", it is better to go back. Therefore, this poem is written with special emotion, shocking and unpleasant, appreciative but not happy, feeling fresh and thoughtless, beautiful scenery and indifferent, even sad, full of complaints.
Shou lian "unique eunuch tourists, partial shock phenology new." The two sentences are emotional and positively express the poet's lonely feelings of long-term eunuch travel. Because he is a eunuch tourist and a long-time visitor, he is particularly sensitive to the changes in the climate of foreign countries with "unique" performance, and the feeling of "partial surprise" is born of embarrassment. It is precisely in this emphasis that the poet's contradictory mood of feeling fresh and thoughtless in the eunuch tour is set off, and the poet's bitterness due to the passage of time is insoluble.
Jaw union "Yunxia out of the sea dawn, Mei Liu crossed the river spring." Two sentences write a vision, and look at what you see. These two sentences describe the scene when the sea surface is covered with clouds in the early morning, the colors are gorgeous, and the clouds bring the dawn out of the sea; plum red willow green, it is they who cross the spring color to the south of the river. Here, the causal relationship between "Yunxia" and "Shu", "Meiliu" and "Spring" is inverted, and the poet's unique perspective and exquisite conception make these two poems famous sentences throughout the ages.
Neck link "Shu qi yellow bird, sunny to green apple." The two sentences are also written about scenes, but they are written in close-ups. The yellow warbler, feeling the breath of spring, let go of her throat and began to sing the ode of spring, when she smelled; the leaves of the pond took on a tender green color, which was seen. In order to portray early spring, the poet tempered the verbs "urge" and "turn", and when spring arrived, the yellow warbler was not aware of it, and the climate urged it to have to chirp. The spring sun is warm, the other leaves have not sprouted, only the water ping has grown new green leaves, seeing the signs of transformation, so use "turn".
Tail Lian "overheard the ancient tune of the song, and returned to the thought of dipping the towel." "Two sentences of the title, the poet who wrote the poem suddenly heard Lu Cheng singing the new work "Early Spring Tour" in an ancient tune, which aroused his feelings of missing his hometown, so that he wanted to shed tears." "Overheard" indicates an accident, it is in the absence of any mental preparation, by Lu Cheng's "Early Spring Travels" evoked homesickness, so can be deeply moved.
"Archaic tone" refers to an old, familiar tune that is easy to resonate with. "Towel" refers to a hand towel that wipes tears. "Dipping towel" means that tears wet the handkerchief. It is precisely because the poet wrote about the early spring of Jiangnan in the comparison with the early spring of the Central Plains, so while praising the new phenology of Jiangnan, he is also nostalgic for the early spring of his hometown, so when Lu Cheng inadvertently touches the poet's homesickness, this homesickness is difficult to restrain.
Throughout the poem, although there is no word of frustration written positively, in the depths of its vibrant spring scenery, it moves the depressed heart of a talented and ambitious intellectual who has suffered repression and inaction.
This poem breaks through the general poetry of the artistic structure, in the relationship between love and scenery, not into the scene, but the situation directly harmonious isomorphism, but the situation reverse disharmonious heterogeneous form, forming an obvious scene contrast, contrasting with each other, thus causing the whole poem to be sad and can be strong and depressed but cheerful weather, infiltrating the author's open mind and enterprising spirit that is not overwhelmed by the frustration of bitterness, which has reached harmony.
This poem is already a complete five-word poem, and the stability of the battle, the harmony of rhyme, and the pattern and meteorology formed by its ingenious artistic conception have become one of the founding works of the Tang Dynasty's five-word poetry. Therefore, Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty said in the "Poetry": "In the early Tang Dynasty, the five laws of speech, 'unique eunuchs' came first." ”