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Portrait of Du Zhenyan
Not many people may know the name du zhenyan, but he has a very famous identity: the grandfather of the poet Saint Du Fu.
The reason why Du Fu was able to become a great poet of the Tang Dynasty has a certain connection with the origin of family learning, just like Mr. Ye Jiaying, an expert in classical Chinese poetry, said:
The emergence of a thing, the completion of a genius, is often facilitated by various opportunities and factors. The reason why Du Fu became one of the most important authors of the Tang Dynasty is that I think this is closely related to his family studies.
Du Zhenyan's poem "And Jinling Lu Cheng Early Spring Hope"
Du Zhenyan himself is very talented. The history books call him "Yashan Five Words and Poems, Gongshuhan." Because the name of the poem was outside, he was later summoned to the palace as an official and was responsible for the school's books. In March, he also had the honor of playing with the emperor Lao'er to play and drink.
Because he was good at five-character poetry, Du Zhenyan was also one of the founders of the Tang Dynasty's near-body poetry, and together with Li Zhao, Cui Rong, and Su Wei, he was called the "Four Friends of the Article".
Du Fu said in a poem written to a friend: Wuzu shi guangu. "My ancestor" refers to Du Zhenyan, which shows that he is proud of his grandfather's example.
The famous General of the Western Jin Dynasty, Du Pre
The reason why Du Fu was able to write melancholy poems was important to the environment of his time.
He lived between the first year of the Tang Dynasty and the fifth year of the Gregorian calendar, when the tang dynasty had become a thing of the past.
It can be said that Du Fu was a man who came out of the Prosperous Tang Dynasty, and in the process of the decline of the Tang Dynasty and in the process of exile due to war and chaos, he not only saw the people everywhere not having a good life, but also personally experienced a life of suffering.
"The Nancun group of children deceived me old and powerless, and endured the opposite side as thieves." Blatantly hugging mao into the bamboo, his lips burning and dry mouth, he returned with a cane and sighed to himself. ”
The autumn wind blew away the thatch from the roof of his house and blew everywhere. The children of the village bullied him into old age and stole his thatch. Du Fu was useless to stop drinking, only sighing with his crutches.
It is such a human world in which "the coming days are difficult and the mouth is dry and dry".
Who would have thought that a hundred years ago, his grandfather, Du Zhenyan's generation, was in Chang'an because he was born with infinite scenery.
Looking back, the most famous ancestor of the Du family was Du Qian, a famous general in the Western Jin Dynasty. Du Pre was not only a born politician and military expert, but also a scholar who wrote the Spring and Autumn Interpretations.
Therefore, when Du Zhenyan was in Chang'an, there was a saying circulating in society: Wei Du in the south of the city, go to the fifth ruler. Wei is the Wei family where Wei Yingwu is located; Du is the Du family where Du Zhenyan is located.
In Du Zhenyan, what is more famous than the literary style and famous background is his conceited temperament.
Probably because of his talent, coupled with the background after the famous door, he always behaves a little arrogantly on weekdays.
Once, Du Zhenyan pre-selected officials, equivalent to the current interviewers, among the people who were interviewed were Su Wei, who was called "The Four Friends of the Article" with him.
At the end of the interview, when asked him how the result was, he said: The taste will die! Everyone was surprised by this, and they did not understand the reason, and asked why. Du Zhenyan replied: When he saw my verdict, he should die in shame!
——Du Fu and his grandfather, originally such a cold humor, such a scribble hand.
To this end, the history books give him an evaluation:
Be contrived.
Poetry of Saint Du Fu
It is said that people are as their name suggests, but in fact, they are not necessarily.
It is called "trial speech", but it is not prudent and does not choose words.
Du Zhenyan spoke very wildly and was very conceited about Wen Cai. He once said something like this: "My article deserves to be condescending, Song is the official, and my pen deserves to be the north of Wang Xi." In his eyes, Qu Yuan and Song Yu's first-class literary talents were all below him, and his calligraphy could serve as Wang Xizhi's teacher.
Look, how bullish this breath is!
As the saying goes, sickness comes from the mouth, and evil comes out of the mouth. Such an unobstructed style of life as Du Zhenyan will cause trouble sooner or later.
Sure enough, he was later convicted of the crime, was demoted from above, and demoted to Jizhou as a sihu to join the army.
There, it was because he was too blunt and liked to take advantage of the rapid tongue to offend two colleagues. The two men looked at Du Zhenyan unfavorably and regarded him as a thorn in his eye and a thorn in his flesh, so they conspired to frame Du Zhenyan and let the imperial court condemn him to death.
Just as Du Zhenyan was waiting for the autumn queen to ask for a slash and all his thoughts were in ashes, his second son Du He, a teenager who was only 13 years old, had the idea of avenging his father and put it into action.
One day, Du he waited for the opportunity to sneak into the family banquet of the official who framed his father, and at the moment when the guests pushed the cup to change the cup, he pulled out a dagger and stabbed the enemy. The guards rushed to kill Du and Kan with knives. The official who framed Du Zhenyan eventually died of his injuries.
This bloody case shocked the government and the public, and Du's case was re-examined, and his innocence was finally restored. This innocence made Du Zhenyan, who was speechless and arrogant, pay a terrible price.
Du Zhenyan's tombstone
Just as the so-called country is easy to change, the nature is difficult to move, Du Zhenyan did not become low-key and introverted because of the tragic death of his son, and he still regarded himself very highly until he died. "Words are not surprising and endless", Du Fu said as if he were his grandfather.
When he was seriously ill, several friends came to visit them, and he said to them, "What is the pain of creating children? However, I am here, I have been pressed for a long time, and now I am dead, and I am very relieved, but I hate not seeing anyone else. "This means that I have suffered all the sufferings of the child in my life, and there is nothing to say, but as long as I live in the world, you will not be able to get out." Now, I am dying, but I regret that I can't find someone to replace me!
If Du Zhenyan knew that a hundred years later, his grandson would become a famous "poetic saint" and the poems he wrote would be called "poetic history", presumably he would be able to smile at the Nine Springs.
[Author's profile: Jiang Xu, a post-80s woman, is a signed author of Ten Point Reading. Cook words to cure hunger, borrow a pen to draw the heart. Has published "Li Qingzhao: Wine poetry who shares". Click "Follow" in the top right corner to watch more related content. 】