In the late autumn of the fourth year (427) of the Song Dynasty Emperor Yuanjia, the cold rain was gentle, the chill was in the bones, the flying yellow leaves fell into mud, several decadent old houses swayed in the cold wind, and the wild grass covered the courtyard and grew to the steps. Sixty-three-year-old Tao Yuanming was lying on the bed, coughing continuously, spitting out a mouthful of bloody phlegm from time to time. Friends Yan Yanzhi and his sons sat around and brought him soup medicine, and he shook his hand to stop it. Praying to him again, he shook his hand to stop it.
Shortly before that, Tao Yuanming, who knew that he was about to die, wrote an elegy and self-sacrifice text for himself.
He said that there is life and death. Last night he was still a man, and this morning he was on the judge's book of life and death. The children cried out to their father, and my old friend fell on top of me and cried bitterly. But I was unconscious, and it had nothing to do with me, right or wrong. Only hate when alive, drinking is not enough.
When you are alive, you can drink but you don't drink, and when you die, you can only drink wine in a daze. The wine and meat were placed in front of the case, relatives and friends cried and fell to the ground, I wanted to speak but could not make a sound, I wanted to see but there was no light in my eyes. He slept in the high hall before he died, and slept in the wild grass after death.
The grass is vast, the poplars are shining, the horses are roaring, and the wind is blowing. The coffin entered the tomb and never saw the light of day again. The people who came to send me home went home, relatives and friends were still immersed in sadness, and others were already singing and singing. After death, there is nothing to say, only to merge with the majestic mountains.
I am about to bid farewell to the reverse journey and return to my home forever. Ever since I was born as a human being, I have been poor and jingle, and I can't open the pot from time to time. You can only do some rough work every day to carry water, cut firewood, cultivate land, and water the garden. Basking in the sun in winter and drinking sweet springs in summer, although the bones are tired, but the heart is comfortable.
I'm leaving soon, and I have no regrets in this life. After I die, don't raise a high grave, don't plant a tomb tree, let the world forget me in the years of Rusuo. I survived such a difficult life, and what can I be sad about when I die?
The children cried and asked, Father, what last words do you have? Tao Yuanming said softly, I have already written my will thirteen years ago, you must keep it in mind.
At the age of fifty, Tao Yuanming wrote the Book of Commandments for the children.
Life and death have a destiny, and wealth is in heaven. I grew up poor, running east and west for my livelihood, but I was stubborn in temperament, so I neglected to learn and ran into walls everywhere. Thinking that with this kind of personality, I would definitely not be able to end well in society, so I made up my mind to abandon the official and go into hiding, so I let you endure the pain of hunger and cold. Seeing the two old bachelors next door lying in bed with a quilt in their comfort, I often feel ashamed of your mother and son.
I learned to play the piano and write since I was a child, I like to be idle and quiet, and whenever I absorb new knowledge, I forget to eat. When the weather is nice, stroll in the shade of the trees, listen to the sound of birdsong, and feel happy and peaceful. I often say that in the middle of May and June, lying on your side under the north window, the cool breeze blows, and you are happy like a god.
Since the illness, my body has deteriorated day by day. Fortunately, my friends and family did not forget me, and often gave me medicine, and I felt that the limit was approaching. You are young and poor, and you still have to do the heavy work of chopping wood and carrying water, and I think of it like a knife. Although you are not born of the same mother, you must work together to live a good life, never separate your family, never turn against each other. I hope you will remember my teachings, and there will be no other words.
Tao Yuanming was very ill at the age of fifty and thought he was going to die, so he made a will. But God bless the good man, who lived for thirteen more years when he was well, and now that this day has finally arrived, he will not change his will.
After the speech, Tao Yuanming died safely.
In the third year of the Reign of Emperor Xingning of the Jin Dynasty (365), Tao Yuanming was born into a well-off family. The great-grandfather Tao Kan was a minister of the Jin Dynasty, and after his death, the family quickly declined, and several sons attacked each other, competing for the right to inherit, and eventually both sides were defeated. His son Tao Xia (陶夏) was the grandson of Tao Xia's brother Tao Mao.
Tao Kan's sons all treated the world with courage and martial arts, but they did not have the humble and humble body, and did not have tao Kan's tenacity and humility, so they caused trouble. After Tao Kan's death, his military power was taken over by Yu Liang. One son, Tao, said that he confronted Yu Liang in person at a meeting (the jackals became more and more desperate, and spoke eagerly) and took people out of the venue halfway. Yu Liang immediately sent someone to kill him in the middle of the road.
The descendants of the Tao clan quickly recognized the situation and quickly moved closer to low-key. Tao Yuanming had an uncle, Tao Tan, who liked immortality and never married a wife in his life. The ancestors left tens of millions of assets, never asked a question. In the end, he ran away from home, lived in seclusion in the mountains, served and starved, did not ask about the world, and built a few small huts to live in. Study the I Ching every day and raise a white deer as a companion. If someone visits, move immediately so that they can't find it. The state wanted to call him filial piety, but he fled in the wilderness, and people never saw him again. Tao Yuanming's father, Tao Yi, lived in seclusion all his life. Moody and angry, often running away from home, sending wind and clouds.
Tao Yuanming had a good life when he was a child. He grew up reading and "learned for himself." Confucius said that the learning of a gentleman is for oneself, and the learning of a villain is for oneself. Gentlemen are the children of the nobles in high society who have no worries about food and clothing, and they study only to cultivate their sentiments and improve their self-cultivation, and do not consider whether it is "useful or not". Villains are poor children at the bottom, they study to please the nobility and strive to integrate into high society, so what they learn is "useful learning".
Tao Yuanming is undoubtedly a son of a nobleman who is like a fake bag, although the family road has declined, but the camel is still on the shelf, still a nobleman. At that time, Xianxue was reading Lao Zhuang Qing Tan or annotating the Six Classics. But Tao Yuanming does not read these, he reads "idle books" that transcend utilitarianism, such as the Classic of Mountains and Seas. He took reading books as his greatest pleasure. Confucius said that "those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy", and Tao Yuanming is "those who are happy".
Tao Yuanming is "quiet and quiet, not seeking Rongli", does not like to play and play, often walks alone in the shade of the trees, meditates in the fields, and is an introverted and lonely person.
At the age of sixteen, Tao Yuanming fell in love with a woman, this woman was born of a warrior family, with a beautiful figure and a generous manner, often playing the piano by the small river, Tao Yuanming often went for a walk by the small river, the two looked at each other across the river, their hearts were imprinted, and they did not say a word. This kind of love between the two Platos lasted for about half a year, and one day Tao Yuanming came to the river again, until dusk, and did not see his sweetheart appear. After returning, he tossed and turned, sleeping and eating, and since then he has gone to the small river every day, but his sweetheart has no more news.
It was as if he had entered a boat but lost his pulp, climbed the cliff without a hand, and often woke up from midnight and sat alone until dawn. Finally one day dawn broke, the chickens had not yet crowed, and when he wandered by the river in despair, a series of flutes came from the dwelling place of his sweetheart, first leisurely and elegant, then high-pitched and poignant, and finally depressed.
The reason why Tao Yuanming's love ended without illness was mainly that he was too introverted, too polite, and a humble gentleman, not a floating prodigal son. He was close to his lover, but he did not want to go beyond etiquette and practiced the "Meeting of Grass". But his family had declined, and in that era of clear distinction, this was an insurmountable chasm, and he could only give up in pain, screaming in vain. In the future, I always think of it, "painfully break people's intestines."
Sweetheart, I am waiting for you by the little river, and they say, you are married to the house.
At the age of twenty, Tao Yuanming's father died, and he took charge of the family business and became the head of the family. Due to poor management, and drought and locust plague, the land rent can not be collected, the days are getting worse and worse, from the well-off gradually fell into difficulties, but food and clothing can still be solved, but can not drink often, need to go to relatives and friends to rub.
After this kind of cultivation and reading life reached the age of twenty-nine, Tao Yuanming really couldn't hold on any longer and had to go out of the mountain. Because the family had reached the point where he could not eat and could not afford to burn firewood and could not wear clothes, several children ran all over the ground hungry, holding his legs and shouting at his father, so relatives and friends advised him to hurry out and find a job, and he could no longer hide at home.
Tao Yuanming also feels that being an otaku is not a thing, after all, a manly husband always has to do something, can't plant a lifetime, and then have to earn money to support the family. So he went out of the mountain and made Wang Ningzhi (Wang Xi's son) a deputy to Jiangzhou Assassin Shi Wang Ningzhi. Wang Ningzhi was a devout disciple of the Wudou Rice Sect, who pretended to be a ghost all day long, ignored mundane affairs, and entrusted all the complicated and trivial work to Tao Yuanming with full authority. Tao Yuanming only worked for less than a month and could not eat, too tired, too annoying, life is a plate of grinding, himself is a donkey pulling the mill, there are people behind the whip.
Tao Yuanming was "overwhelmed by his official duties" and had to resign and go home. Soon after his wife died, he married another, and the bride brought a dowry, temporarily alleviating the predicament. The couple went out early and returned late, hard work, warmed a pot of wine at night, sang to drink, picked some pea pods in the garden, this kind of happy life of "years quiet and stable in the world" is exactly what Tao Yuanming dreamed of, there is nothing poor, there is nothing bitter, there is nothing tired, the key is peace of mind, peace of mind, distraction, no need to face all kinds of interpersonal relationships that are deceitful and deceitful, and do not have to deal with all kinds of complicated work that overwhelms people.
The ideal is very full, the reality is very bone, "farmer, mountain spring, a little field" life did not last long, the family could not open the pot again, there was no way Tao Yuanming had to go out of the mountain again, tossed between the big men for six or seven years as a shogunate official, and did less than half a year of county orders, "entangled in personnel affairs, wandering, afraid of negative suzhi." Tao Yuanming did not look like he was not seeking progress, but he hid a fierce tiger in his heart, and "the fierce ambition is always there." His ideal is to be an "enlightened person", "hermit", and "Lide", rather than sinking in the world all day for two chewing grains.
He was overwhelmed by his years of eunuch career, and he only wanted to find a haven of tranquility and anchor his heart of hurt and chaos. So he resigned again and went home.
Less without vulgar rhyme, sex loves Qiushan. Mistakenly fell into the dust net, gone for thirty years. Birds love the old forest, pond fish think of the past. Open up the wilderness in the south, and return to the garden. The square house is more than ten acres, and the grass house is eight or nine. The eaves of the elm willow shade, in front of the tao li luo hall. Ambiguous distant village, clinging to the smoke in the ruins. Dogs bark in the deep alley, chickens chirp mulberry trees upside down. The household garden is dust-free and cluttered, and the virtual room has spare time. Long in the cage, back to nature.
The knot is in the human realm, and there is no traffic or horse noise. Q. How can you do it? The heart is far away from self-deprecation. Under the eastern fence of the chrysanthemum, you can leisurely see the South Mountain. The mountain atmosphere is good day and night, and the birds are returning. There is truth in this, to discern what has been forgotten.
Plant beans under the south mountain, grass full of beans seedlings are thin. Morning Xingli is desolate, with the moon lotus hoe return. The road is narrow and long, and the dew stains my clothes. The clothes are not enough to be sorry, but the wish is not broken.
He also wrote the popular "Peach Blossom Origin". Taohuayuan is an isolated place, the people in Taoyuan are simple and sincere, and their faces are full of heartfelt smiles, up to ninety-nine, down to not go, "happy and happy". "I don't know if there is a Han, no matter Wei and Jin", "Not enough for outsiders".
Why should we read Tao Yuanming? Because Tao Yuanming's life is the epitome of each of us. When each of us was young, we had great ambitions and wanted to do a career to shine on the lintel, so we studied hard in the cold window for ten years, three more lights and five more chickens. Later, when we entered the society, the busy work and sinister hearts of people day after day made us exhausted and overwhelmed, and the thought of "I will go, Lao Tzu will not wait" jumped out of our minds at every turn, and we always wanted to "come to a trip that can be walked away". But when you come home from work and look at the unpaid loans, the wife who is working hard with you and is also tired, the child who is bouncing around, your word "resignation" will be swallowed into your stomach.
In fact, each of us has a peach blossom garden, and this peach blossom garden is your home. When you say goodbye to the tiredness of the day, return to the warm little home, close the door, shut all the troubles and noises out of the door, the couple eats, talks, reads, writes, teaches the children to write homework, and hugs each other affectionately.
There is a peach blossom source in the heart, where it is not between water and clouds.
For thousands of years, I have interpreted the writings of Tao Yuanming's poetry and the author Ganges Sand Count, but I only admire the interpretation of Dai Jianye, a "national-level Internet celebrity professor". Teacher Dai said that Tao Yuanming was his "temperament confidant". Tao Yuanmingtian planted badly, life is sloppy, children do not seek progress, why can they still live freely, happy, authentic? With more than a hundred poems alone, how did he become a poetic giant comparable to Qu Yuan Du Fu?
This "Tao Yuanming New Treatise" is the peak of Dai Jianye's 40-year writing career, as an academic work, the language is humorous and popular; as a popular reading, the academic rigor is solid. Sort out the whole course of Tao Yuanming's life, understand more than 100 poems of Tao Yuanming, quote important achievements in ancient and modern times, and issue new theories that have never been published before, like Tao Yuanming and Dai Jianye's friends quickly buy a copy to go home and look at it, click the link below to buy directly.
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