Those calligraphers ~ Chapter 360
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Gui Fu's great-grandfather Gui Cunzheng ,As a gongsheng , he was admitted to the state to drive. Gui Fu's grandfather, Gui Zhimao, died early. Gui Fu's father, Gui Gongrui, was a young orphan who chose to teach in the thirty-third year of Qianlong with the example of Engong. Gui Xin is the eldest brother of Gui Fu, who is a yougong student and is a blue flag official to learn and teach.
The names of Gui Fu and his brother are still chosen from Qu Yuan's "Journey": "Yan De Xi of Jia Nan Prefecture, Winter Glory of Li Gui Shu." "Appreciating the merits of the hot climate in the south, the beautiful laurel trees can also spit out their fragrance in winter.
Gui Fu's great-grandfather, grandfather and father were all readers, influenced by family learning, Gui Fu began to read from an early age, slightly longer since the hair was tied to the teacher, in the book everywhere, the weak crown of the year to make up for the life. At this time, the direction of Gui Fu's reading changed, from Bo to Covenant, from the previous "high-headed sermons, miscellaneous family thesis", to the special Collection of Tang Dynasty sayings, "flood reading, ten years without end". Gui Fu and Tongli Yan Chongzhuo, who were friends when they were young, lived their lives and had a strong friendship. When they were teenagers, the two had the same hobbies, loved to collect gold and stone, liked to read books and discuss poetry, and often burned anointing and staying up all night. Throughout their lifelong interactions, they copied poems and rewarded the golden stone together. From adolescence to middle age to old age, from assisting Ruan Yuan in compiling the "Shanzuo JinshiZhi" to planning to build the Tanxi Jingshe, there are figures of their friendship and friendship.
When Gui Fu was thirty-three years old, he was able to go north to the Capital Division to study and teach, leaving a heavy family burden and handing it over to his wife Qiao Shi to take care of. The Qiao clan was originally the child of an official eunuch family, and spent his life running a poor family. Gui Fu has rarely returned home since he left home at the age of thirty-three. On July 11, 38, Qianlong issued an edict to open the "Four Libraries of The Whole Book" and summoned Shao Jinhan, Zhou Yongnian, Dai Zhen and others to compile it, and Gui Fu was able to get to know Dai Zhen and Zhou Yongnian and became Zhou Yongnian's assistant, and was slightly stable economically.
During this time, in addition to working for Zhou Yongnian, Gui Fu also made friends extensively. When Luo Ping entered Beijing for the second time, he became acquainted with Gui Fu. Luo Hired painted Gui Fu's "Diagram of the System of Speaking Literature", and Gui Fu asked Cheng Yaotian, Zhu Zhujun, Lu Wenbi, Weng Fanggang, Zhang Xi, Wang Niansun, Ding Jie, Xue Shou, and Li Zuwang to write inscriptions. When Luo Was hired out of the capital, Weng Fanggang burned incense and yaji in Su Zhai to send luo ping off, and at the same time invited Gui Fu, Cheng Jinfang, and Zhang Xi to accompany him. Activities such as these became his daily routine in Beijing.
In the fifty years of Qianlong, when Guifu's teaching period expired, he was supplemented by the Changshan Teachings, and the salaries of the teachings generally could not be paid on time, and in some places, they could not even give the payment of silver and silver, and directly converted them into grain distribution. And those who are close to the family can directly pick up the grain and go back, and those who are far away or entrust people to bring grain or exchange it for silver. At this time, the burden of the family still falls on his wife Qiao Shi, who leads the children and struggles to survive. At this time, Gui Fu's family had become a big family, Gui Fu had three sons and a daughter, and the three sons were not educated, so Gui Fu often lamented that "what Fu has learned is just that, he knows that he is despicable, he does not want to save the collection, every time he has a story, listen to his scatteredness." Yesterday, when I saw the old manuscript in the old book, I couldn't help but look up at the house and sigh! Read that the two sons are both warriors, the grandchildren are still childish teeth, once the first fill the gully towards the dew, then this Dan Yellow Hook B, so the paper pile ear! "The sigh is full of sadness and helplessness.
Fifty-four years after Qianlong, the fifty-four-year-old Gui Fu finally took the Chinese-style township test and became a lifter. The following year, Dengdi became a jinshi and was elected as a professor. In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (1791), Gui Fu raised funds to build the "Tanxi Jingshe", which was specially designed for the literati and scholars. Fang Shizhen has the poem "Tanxi Jingshe":
naturally structured,
Twists and turns are fascinating.
Flower path window on three sides,
Maoting water half stream.
Fang Lin into the shadows,
Paint the wall to the end.
Standing by the bridge,
Listen to the spring sun heading west.
In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong, Ruan Yuan served as the scholar of Shandong and actively supported Gui Fu in building the "Tanxi Jingshe". He also praised Gui Fu's learning as "burning Huaxiu, picking branches and leaves, and even roots", "in the history of scriptures, sounds, and writings, all can be knowledgeable and doubtful." ”
Soon after the completion of the Tanxi Jingshe, Guifu received an appointment from the imperial court, and Guifu was already sixty-one years old before he was released as Zhi County, Yongping County, Yunnan. At the time of parting, Gui Fu composed a poem "Beitan Xijingshe":
In dreams, it is difficult to throw the pool into the house,
In front of you, there are passers-by.
The autumn wind refuses to stay with the travelers,
First go to Yannan Yi Waterfront.
He knew that in the distant yunnan, he had no relatives or friends, and it was difficult for him to give up his hometown, his own humanistic environment, and the spring city with books and poems. This goes, meaning ten years. When he was leaving, it was raining in the sky, and the time for reporting was imminent, so he could not bear to wait, and the old wife sent him to the middle gate, and several times he wanted to talk and stopped, and he did not give up. And he left only a month's worth of grain for the eight extended family, the husband and wife parted, and the raindrops and teardrops for a while were all in his heart. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, when the news of his wife's death came, Gui Fu remembered the scene of the day and regretted: "The ancients mostly resigned from the government with the expectation of merit, and I also wanted to dissolve the group for the king, especially to be far away, to cure the bandits, to wait less for the autumn wind, to return to the field, to return to the field for the tomb of junxiang, to be a good manager, to be a widow, to marry a grandson, and to bury the fourth daughter-in-law." All that is not done is for the sake of it. Since the old widower has lived forever, he will no longer marry, he will not put ji, and his clothing and food will not be too much for the king, so as to repay the king, and the comfort after the king's death is also. "The family is difficult until the daughter-in-law dies and cannot be buried."
Gui Fu assiduously pursued his studies, and Weng Fanggang and Ruan Yuan highly praised his study of evidence. Gui Fu's poems, calligraphy and painting are all printed, and he began to sketch well in his twilight years, and he did not spare the ancient rhymes under his pen, between Chen Daofu and Xu Wei. You Gong Seal Carving, Han Li, and Yi Bingshou are equally famous, known as the "Gemini Constellation of Chinese Philology", and are well-known. His research on the Golden Stone, the Six Books, and the Commentaries on the Interpretation of Words is highly accomplished. His exposition of the Eight Points Book can be said to be the first person in more than a hundred years. His study and love of gold stones and writing have also contributed to his outstanding achievements in calligraphy and seal engraving.
Gui Fu has a daughter who is especially good at calligraphy. Gui Fu tasted the poem "Gti and Daughter":
Idiots change the golden root word,
The famous posters still exist in the pen array.
Old to the pool to catch Mao Ying,
Shuangjun new sample paid official slaves.
In the poem, Gui Fu instructed her daughter that copying is the basic method of learning calligraphy.
Gui Fu specialized in Han Li and also worked on seal books, and he had a great influence on the seal books until the present. Gui Fu's seal book and Hong Liangji, Sun Xingxing, Qian Yue were all dominant at that time, and his "Miao Seal Rhyme" has always been regarded as a classic tool book by the seal engraving community, and Gui Fu's seal carving and his calligraphy were thought to be between Bo Zhong at that time. He is well versed in the shape and flow of seal characters, and is known as "one of the four masters of Shuowen".
He has long been immersed in han monuments, and has done his best to get the han li wind god, the smaller and more refined his Han li, the more different it is from the contemporary people's writing, the ancients pay more attention to play and appreciate, and are not interested in visual impact, which is one of the reasons why the ancients are resistant to calligraphy. Gui Fu is the forerunner of the rise of epigraphic calligraphy, from theory to practice. Gui Fu also arrogantly sighed, "How many people in the sea are under the law?" Gui Fu's lishu is more of a scholar's rationality and rigor, and his writings should be disciplined, stable and down-to-earth, and pay more attention to connotation and bookish atmosphere. Today's shallow and quick-witted study mentality and impetuousness are a good medicine for the heart. But because of this, it has been criticized as a lack of vitality and agility.
Gui Fu (1736-1805), the character WeiGu, the word Donghui, the number of The Gate, the nickname Xiaoran Mountain Outer History, the late name of the old moss, the first well, and the self-engraved seal of the well of the people. People from Qufu, Shandong.
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