Qiu Fengjia did not ascend to the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum

Text/Ma Jiajun

Qiu Fengjia (1864-1912) was a Taiwanese patriotic poet of the late Qing Dynasty. Tongzhi was born in the third year of his life in Causeway Bay, Tadako Hall, Taiwan Province, Fujian Province (present-day Causeway Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province). In 1889, the temple tried to be a third-class jinshi, and had no intention of making a career, so he taught the various academies and chanted poems. In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out, and Qiu Fengjia served as the commander of the rebel army in Taiwan to defend it. The following year, China was defeated and signed the Treaty of Maguan, ceding Taiwan and Penghu to Japan. Qiu Fengjia wrote to the Qing court, stating that "the people of Taiwan, righteous and not subject, are willing to serve the island country and wear shengqing forever." Therefore, he led the rebel army to fight with the Japanese army for more than twenty days and nights, and the stars scattered, and Qiu Fengjia left his parents in the strict rope of the Japanese army and fled back to his ancestral hometown of Zhenping, Guangdong. In Guangdong, Qiu Fengjia engaged in education and poetry creation, supported the revolutionary movement led by Sun Yat-sen, tried his best to rescue the revolutionaries arrested after the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising, and promoted Guangdong's response to the Xinhai Uprising in Wuchang. He was elected Minister of Education of the Guangdong Military Government and, as a representative of Guangdong, went to Nanjing to form a meeting of the Provisional Republic of China Government. Before the meeting, he met with Sun Yat-sen and had a very pleasant conversation. In 1912, when the Republic of China was founded, he attended the ceremony of Sun Yat-sen's appointment as president, and soon returned to Guangdong due to illness. He died in Zhenping in February. Will "The funeral must be southbound, I will not forget Taiwan also!" Although Qiu Fengjia only lived to be 49 years old, he wrote thousands of poems expressing his feelings of patriotic homesickness and vowing to recover Taiwan to the death; exposing the aggression of the great powers and calling on the people of the country to wake up; cracking down on the corruption of the Qing court and advocating changing the law and striving to become stronger; sympathizing with the people's suffering and favoring the democratic revolution. Huang Zunxian, a famous poet in modern times, praised Qiu Fengjia's poem "True World Healthy Man"; Liang Qichao just promoted Qiu and Huang to the late Qing Dynasty as "giants of the poetry revolution"; Qian Zhonglian, an expert in Qing poetry studies, made Huang and Qiu the "two leaders of the poetry world" who "ruled the modern poetry scene". 

Qiu Fengjia has been to many places and has written exquisite poems. For such a famous person, it is understandable that some places of interest and monuments should be elevated with their wonderful poems. Mr. Lan Cao, executive chairman of the Huangling County Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor Research Association and the Yanhuang Culture Research Association, has the following under the column of "Huangling Sacrifice on both sides of the Strait" in his "Selected Poems of the Yellow Emperor's Tomb in Past Dynasties" (Shaanxi Tourism Publishing House, 1996 edition).

Sunset to climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Taiwan Qiu Fengjia

The world was raging, and the divine masters were called out to steal. At this time, I didn't hear the chaos, and I was intoxicated with the old children of the Junjia family. If you want to be a widow, I can't, and the short clothes and horses call the eagle. In the sleeve is a scroll of heroes, and the sunset comes to climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. So the country paid people, and Gango stayed like a groan. The chaotic clouds and remnants of the island open a poetic realm, and the sunset wasteland weeps for pity. Bury bi pitiful Yellow Emperor descendants, kill Qing who is a su wang subject. Please pass on the elegance of the faithful, and ban guan return to the homeland spring. Who is the descendant of SARS, nine days of forbearance orders to call no door. Shangshu Zai destroyed the harsh covenant, and this righteousness has been better than Chang Lijun. A hundred years of everything is half upside down, and the Chinese and foreign covenants can be obeyed! The ancestor of the ten thousand mountains under the heavens, its name is Kunlun. Kunlun has a southern branch, and thousands of miles tend to cross the gate. There are also ancestors in life, who is not Huang Yansun? Returning to the island to think of the old forest, falling leaves love the root.

After the poem, Mr. Lancao has a "note", saying: "After the failure of the uprising, Qiu Fengjia returned to the mainland and roamed everywhere. At the prompting of friends, he came to Shaanxi to pay respects to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. He stayed in Huangling for 6 days. 'Climb the Yellow Tomb at sunrise and write poetry late at night'. He has written eight poems such as "Ancestors", "Falling Leaves Love Fundamentally", "The Final Unification of Mountains and Rivers", and "Who Is Not Huang Yansun". ...... In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out,...... Starry Night rushed to Wuchang and joined the Nanjing government organized by Sun Yat-sen. In his collection of "Celebrities of Past Dynasties Sacrifice to the Yellow Tomb" (Shaanxi People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 1987 edition), Mr. Tong Lancao said in the "Poems Left by Qiu Fengjia Sacrifice Tombs" that "a scroll of heroes in the sleeve, the sunset to climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum" is two poems in the "Denghuang Emperor's Mausoleum" written by Qiu Fengjia when he "visited the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum". It is said that he ascended to the tomb at sunrise, resented the Qing court in his apartment at night, "punched on the table and broke the tea set", and acted into a novel, saying that he "waved the book of diseases" 8 poems. Different from the previous book, the three-verse poem quoted in the previous quotation was changed to 3 poems, and the five-character poem was named "Falling Leaves Love Fundamental". 

Coincidentally, Song Zhaojie's "Records of the Merits of the Yellow Emperor" edited by Song Zhaojie, which was printed by the research association in 1995, has Qiu Fengjia's "Denghuang Emperor's Mausoleum" as follows: "□□□□□□□, □□□□□□□. In the sleeve is a scroll of heroes, and the sunset comes to climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. In Li Feng's "Huangling Lansheng" (Shaanxi Tourism Publishing House, 1995 edition), the surname was corrected to Qiu Fengjia, and his poem "Ancestors" was recorded: "Where the ancestors of wanshan and wanshui originate, the embryo of wanfang characters." Looking for pangu to open the heavens, Youjian Kunlun looked at the waterfall. ”

The mistakes in the above books, the discerning person will wonder when they read it: which eight of the first and eighth poems are there? "Falling Leaves Love Fundamental" and "Who Is Not Huang Yansun" are all sentences in the five-word poem, is it a section, a poem, or three poems? The second and fifth verses are "thirteen yuan" rhymes. The "ben" of "root" is a slang word, and it is impossible to rhyme. Third, in some books, even Qiu Fengjia's surname is mistaken, his surname is Qiu Chi (a writer of the Southern Dynasty Liang Dynasty), not Qiu Rui (a legendary Ming writer) Qiu. Although Yongzheng ordered that in order to avoid Confucius's holy secrets, all those with the surname Qiu should be changed to Qiu. However, the surnames of Qiu and Qiu were two before the Qing Dynasty. 

Has Qiu Fengjia ever been to Shaanxi and climbed the Yellow Tombs? Have you ever written poems about dengling and sacrificing tombs? The answer is no. Qiu Fengjia had never been to Shaanxi at all, let alone the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. The poems quoted above are all the result of the spread of flowers and flowers, Zhang Guan Li Dai, and false rumors.

First of all, according to Qiu Fengjia's "Chronicle of Qiu Fengjia" appended to Qiu Fengjia's "Lingyunhai Rilou Poetry Banknote" (Anhui People's Publishing House, 1984 edition), qiu Fengjia's "Chronology of Qiu Fengjia" appended to his nephew Qiu Chenbo's "Collected Works of Qiu Fengjia" (Shishi Publishing House, 1987 edition), and "Biography of Qiu Fengjia" (Huacheng Publishing House, 1994 edition) by Xu Bodong and Huang Zhiping, it can be seen that Qiu Fengjia could not have come to Shaanxi to climb the Huangling Tomb at all.

In 1895, the anti-Japanese volunteer army led by Qiu Fengjia failed, and in August he returned to his ancestral hometown of Pingding Village in Guangdong Town. By the summer of 1896, the newly built "Heart Taiping Caolu" was completed. Then he went to Guangzhou to seek development. In the spring of 1897, he was hired by the prefect of Chaozhou to teach Hanshan Academy and introduce Western science. The following year, he also lectured at Chaoyang Dongshan Academy. In 1899 he went to Hong Kong and the following year became acquainted with Kang Youwei and others. In the spring of 1900, he went from Hong Kong to Singapore and Malaysia to promote Chinese culture. Returned to Shantou in June (two sons died of plague). In the winter, he went to Meizhou to visit Huang Zunxian in Renjinglu. In the spring of 1901, he founded the "Lingdong Tong Literature Hall" in Shantou, and the following year he also served as the administrator of the school. In 1903, he resigned from lingdong tong literature and went to Guangzhou. In 1904, he returned to Zhenping from Guangzhou and founded the Junior Normal School and the "Chuangzhao School". In the spring of 1905, the Governor of Liangguang, Cen Chunxuan, hired him as a scholar in the Liangguang Academic Affairs Office. In the summer of 1906, he was also appointed as the superintendent of the Guangzhou Fu Middle School. In November, the Guangdong General Education Association was established and was elected as the president. In 1908, Qiu Fengjia had a close exchange with the revolutionaries. In 1909, the Guangdong Consultative Bureau was established, and he was elected as the deputy speaker and served as the superintendent of the Liangguang Dialect School. When the New Army uprising in Guangzhou failed in 1910, he campaigned to protect the revolutionaries. In 1911, his father died and he returned to Zhenping to mourn. In April, the Huanghuagang Uprising failed, and he returned to Guangzhou to rescue the revolutionaries. In November, Guangdong declared its independence in response to the Wuchang Uprising, and he served as minister of education in the military government, and went to Nanjing at the end of the year. In 1912, he attended the ceremony of Sun Yat-sen's appointment as president, and immediately returned to Zhenping due to illness, and died of illness in February. 

It can be seen from the whereabouts of Qiu Fengjia above: Qiu Fengjia was busy with educational affairs, second, he was busy assisting the revolutionaries, and third, he had a lot of affairs at home. He went as far as Shanghai and Nanjing, south to Singapore and Malaysia, and the rest shuttled around Guangdong Province. He had no time to "roam." In his lifetime, Qiu Fengjia, in addition to taking the exam to Fuzhou and Beijing, all others in Taiwan, Guangdong and the coastal Suzhou, Zhejiang, and Fujian operations, never went to the interior, let alone talk about "starry night rush to Wuchang" and "special trip" to climb the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum?

Suppose, he came to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum on a special trip, at that time (during the Guangxu years) there were no planes, no trains, no cars, from Guangzhou thousands of miles to Huangling, must take a horse-drawn carriage, bumpy for several months. Moreover, at that time, the soldiers were in chaos and the road was not peaceful, so why did he "make a special trip" to the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum just to write "eight poems", regardless of his physical illness and weakness, regardless of the busy educational affairs and revolutionary activities, and risk "roaming"? If he used a month to roam, he would have to pass through Hunan, Hubei, and Henan to reach Shaanxi. When you go to Shaanxi, you can't help but wander around Xi'an. Qiu Fengjia was a man who wrote poetry everywhere he went. There are so many scenic spots, scenic spots, and monuments in Xiang, Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi that why are there not a single one in his entire collection of poems? Didn't he write about the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Huaqing Pond, but only about the Yellow Tombs? It can be seen that he did not come to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. 

How to explain the poems of the Yellow Emperor of Qiu Fengjiadeng quoted by Mr. Lancao and others in the book? This can only be corrected one by one in the original text.

First, the so-called "Sunset to Climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum" with no first sentence and only the last two sentences is obviously based on the "death of the people in the world", which is eight sentences instead of the absolute sentence without the first two sentences. Page 223 of the LingyunHai Rilou Poetry Banknote (hereinafter referred to as the "Poetry Banknote") and page 180 of the Qiu Fengjia Anthology (hereinafter referred to as the "Collected Works") contain "Drunken Song, Show Xu Sheng" an ancient style, two rhymes and eight sentences. The last two original poems are: "A scroll of heroes in the sleeve, the sunset comes to ascend the Tomb of the Han Emperor" "The Han Emperor" was changed to the common noun of the "Yellow Emperor" and changed to a proper noun, and it will be attached to Chengqiu Fengjia who really climbed the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. Judging from the original poem of "Drunken Song, Show Xu Sheng", it is said that when the world is in chaos, the poet is unwilling to be an old man and a child and steal his life, but really wants to ride on a war horse, mu heroes, exclude the Manchu Qing, revive the Han Room, and do a career. This reward poem has nothing to do with the "special journey" to climb the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum.

Second, "So the jiangshan actually pays people" is a seven laws, the original poem is titled "Title Canghai Remnants<Taiyang Poetry >", the selection of poems of the Huangling Tombs, the "bitter yin body" is mistaken for "ruo yin body", "ghost phosphorus" is mistaken for "ghost pity", and "spot tube" is mistaken for "ban guan". This poem, titled "Poetry" by others, is obviously directed at the content of the book, and it expresses a deep feeling and determination to restore the homeland to the loss of Taiwan Island and the sacrifice of compatriots. What does this have to do with "smashing a tea set with a fist"? How can the inscription poem of "Taiyang Poetry" be completed in Huangling County?

Third, the six sentences of "who is not a descendant of Huang Yan" not only mistake "Chang Li Zun" for "Chang Li Jun" and "Na Ke Dao" into "that can be obeyed", but also are transplanted out of chapter. The original poem is on page 293 of the "Poetry Banknote", and the title is "Shaoying with Poetry From Shou Shi Suo He, Walking Pen Book Here". The poem is an ancient style of 28 sentences: "In the same year, Guiping Huang Shaoying, begging me to poetry Shou Zhang Shibao." Show me a bunch of ox loin poems, shou poems are more than secretaries of state. Gongqing Manchu exhausted Zhu Zi, holding Liang thorn fat old and dead. An zhi overseas millions of heavenly pilgrims, one slaughter as a man! Who is not a descendant of Huang Yan? Nine days of forbearance! The petition was broken by the Prime Minister, and this proposal was already higher than Chang Li Zun. A hundred years of everything is upside down, Chinese and foreign covenants that can be said? Don't say that Qin is no one, I pity that Shi Bao is old now. Waiters can draw and poetry, and experts can paint poems to pass on their daughters. Although shi bao is old and self-sufficient, he is happy to rest his worries. Shaoying is an official in the old Eastern Cantonese, and the poet is not an official for Cantonese guests. When we met and saw Wuyang City, I was also worried about the early whiteness of my head. The sea breeze blows cold in October, and you go out to find plum blossom village. If the plum blossom immortal has the art of immortality, the immortal mountain is drunk with Luo Fuchun. This poem, written in the first year of Xuantong (1909), was sung at the request of the Guangzhou Emperor. Zhang Shiye made a birthday, and there were many congratulators, so Qiu Fengjia remembered that Taiwan's Yanhuang descendants were slaughtered. Zhang Shibao once wrote to Li Hongzhang, asking for the abolition of the U.S. Ban on China, or that he was old. Huang Shaoying, Qiu Fengjia and Zhang Shifeng met in Wuyangcheng (i.e., Guangzhou), and there was only sorrow and no immortal immortality. How did such a poem, which clearly says that in Guangzhou, celebrate people's birthdays, be cut from the middle of six sentences, and become the work of the Tomb of the Yellow Emperor?

Fourth, the five-word poem of the so-called "Falling Leaves Love Root" is also a flower transfer. Originally, Qiu Fengjia built a house in the town's Flat Ding Ding Village, named "Heart Taiping Caolu". In the first year of Xuan reunification, photography became a picture, for this reason, Qiu Fengjia wrote "Using Photography to Become a Taiping Caolu Diagram of the Heart of the Village of Calming, Zhang Liushi as the Title of Long Sentence, Second Rhyme" (80 sentences, seven words mixed with nine words, eleven words, more than 600 words), "Using photography heart Taiping Caolu Diagram to move the paper (self-titled Five Words Ancient) Six Songs" (112 sentences, a total of 560 words), "Overlapping Rhymes and Re-inscribing the Heart Taiping Caolu Diagram, and Answering Tang Danming" (76 sentences, more than 500 words) (for these three poems, see "Lingyun Hai Rilou Poetry Notes", vol. 12, pp. 283-287) The second of the five words and six songs is: "The ancestor of the ten thousand mountains under the heavens, whose name is Kunlun." Kunlun has a southern branch, and thousands of miles tend to cross the gate. There are also ancestors in life, who is not Huang Yansun? Return to the birds to think of the forest, fallen leaves love the roots. I came from the sea, Bulu Calm Village. Looking east at Junshan Mountain, the tomb of my ancestors exists. Ming YiGuang who is it? Who is the question of the tomb of the army? Yahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh In the middle of the night, the snow pressed the house and rewrote the brass string words. "Junshan, also known as Junshan, is in the east of Danding Village, where there are Qiu clan ancestral tombs and ancestral halls. Qiu Fengjia's ancestor Qiu Menglong was a disciple of Zhu Xi. Qiu Chuangzhao, the son of Qiu Menglong, was Yue Fei's great-granddaughter-in-law, who served as a member of Wen Tianxiang's anti-Yuan army and lived in seclusion in Jiaoling. The poem says that when he saw Junshan, he remembered the patriotism of his ancestors. From Taiwan to Zhenping, this is the action of returning the fallen leaves to the roots of the descendants of Yan huang. Therefore, the sigh from the photo of the "Heart Taiping Caolu" has nothing to do with the tomb of the Yellow Emperor.

Fifth, the so-called "Ancestor" sentence is even more groundless. Originally, in the second year of the declaration of reunification (1910), the revolution was approaching, and uprisings were repeated. Qiu Fengjia was often in cahoots with the revolutionaries Ye Chuling, Gao Jianfu, gao Qifeng, and the guangdong new army generals Huang Shilong and Rao Jinghua. The sword father and the Qifeng brothers are good at painting, and the small tall cuckoo and the big tall tiger are exquisitely painted. Gao Jian's father drew the "Kunlun Flying Waterfall Map", according to Qiu Fengjia's poem: "The peak of the Qifeng Sword Father Sword, begging for me to write a picture of kunlun looking at the waterfall with the sword" ("Poetry Banknote", page 302) So Qiu Fengjia wrote "Inscription Sword Kunlun Looking at the Waterfall Map": "Where the ancestors of the ten thousand mountains and rivers originate, the embryo of the ten thousand characters." Looking for the traces of Pangu Kaitian, the sword Kunlun looked at the waterfall. (Poetry Notes, p. 329) "Celebrities of Past Dynasties Sacrifice to Huangling" says that "during his time in Huangling, Qiu Fengjia successively wrote eight poems, including "Ancestors", "Falling Leaves Return to the Roots", "The Final Unification of Mountains and Rivers", and "Who Is Not Huang Yansun" (pages 47-48 of the book), while the Huangling Lansheng changed the name of this inscription poem to "Ancestor" as "Deng gurudwara temple poem" (page 98 of this book), and also mistakenly changed the "battle sword" to "fu sword". Six, several books on the Yellow Tombs say that qiu Fengjia's eight poems also have "The Final Unification of Mountains and Rivers", because there is no specific text, I don't know what is attached. Why do books such as "Famous People Sacrifice to the Yellow Tomb", "Selected Poems of the Yellow Emperor's Tomb in Past Dynasties", "Huangling Lansheng", "Yellow Emperor Meritorious Record" and other books make such mistakes? The root of this lies in the memory error of right ren. The second half of page 14 of the "Scenery of Qiaoshan Mountain and the Inscriptions" of the "Huangling Zhi" reads: "Qiu Fengjia: A heroic biography in the sleeve of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum (the first two sentences) of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, and the sunset comes to climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum." (Yu Right Ren JiYun: According to Qiu Zi Xiangen, a Taiwanese, one of the leaders of Taiwan's independence.) A afternoon inner crossing, sojourn in The Town of Guangdong. His tour of the Shaanxi Gurudwara Tombs, around the time of the Qing Guangxu Dynasty, was published in the former poem Qiu's collection "Lingyun Hai Rilou Poetry Banknote"). Yu Youren may have read Qiu Fengjia's "Drunken Song, Show Xu Sheng" and remembered the last two sentences, while misremembering the "Tomb of the Han Emperor" as "Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum" and the eight ancient styles as the seven poems missing the first two sentences. In 1918, yu Yu wrote his own poems in the rain at the tomb of the Yellow Emperor, and also introduced the seven poems that Qiu Fengjia had misremembered to the local government. He then thought that since he had ascended to the tomb, he must have come to Shaanxi. So the descendants gave birth to it. Make up stories of smashing tables with fists and smashing tea sets. Since Yu Youren said that the "Poetry Notes" contained in Qiu's poems, then later people should check the "Poetry Notes". Since it was found out that the two sentences of Dengling were "Drunken Songs, Showing Xu Sheng", the "Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum" should be corrected to "The Tomb of the Han Emperor", and should not be wrong again and again, and the other poems in the "Poetry Banknote" should be pulled together to become true. According to reports, it is even more wrong to carve a poem stele of "Sunset to Climb the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum" and place it in the Huangling Stele Gallery for people to copy. Science is a realistic job. We hope that a generation of celebrities Qiu Fengjia have climbed the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, but that is only a wish, not a fact. Since in fact he had never been to Shaanxi and had not ascended to the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum, all his mistakes should be corrected.

(Originally published in Journal of Shaanxi Normal University, No. 3, 1997)

(Note: The author of this article has authorized this headline)

(Ma Jiajun, a native of Qingyuan, Hebei, born on October 5, 1929, is currently a professor at the College of Literature of Shaanxi Normal University, a member of the Chinese Writers Association, a member of the Chinese Dramatists Association, a member of the Chinese Filmmakers Association, an honorary president (former president) of the Shaanxi Foreign Literature Society, a principle of the Chinese Foreign Literature Society, a principle of the Chinese Russian Literature Research Society, a former president of the Shaanxi Provincial Higher Education Drama Research Society, a former consultant of the Shaanxi Poetry Society, and a former executive director of the Shaanxi Provincial Federation of Social Science Societies. Shaanxi Province to build socialist spiritual civilization advanced individuals, Shaanxi Province to teach and educate advanced teachers, etc., enjoy special allowances from the State Council.

He is the author of 12 kinds of "Nineteenth Century Russian Literature", "The New Stage of Aesthetic History", "Poetry Exploration", "Exploration of World Literature", etc.; 4 kinds of "The Essence of World Literature" and "History of Western Drama" co-authored with his daughter Ma Xiaoyi; 9 kinds of "History of World Literature" (3 volumes) and "Research on Gorky's Creation"; edited 4 kinds of "30 Lectures on European and American Modernist Literature"; co-edited and co-authored "100 Topics of Marxism-Leninism", "Cultural Research Methods", "50 Lectures on Oriental Literature", "Western Literature in the Twentieth Century", etc. and more than 40 kinds.

It has been listed in more than 40 kinds, such as the Dictionary of Chinese Writers, the Dictionary of Chinese Poets, the Dictionary of Chinese Social Science Scholars, the Cambridge Dictionary of International Biographies (27th Edition in English), the Directory of Experts in Russian Studies Abroad (Russian Edition) of the Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Classics of Shaanxi Century of Literature and Art. ）