Title II, Chapter 24
Zi Yue: "Sacrifice it not to his ghost, but also to him." See righteousness and do not do, no courage also. ”
Ghost: Where man belongs. Hieroglyphs, the "ghost" in the oracle bone is like a big-headed monster, which is the image of the ghost imagined by the ancients. The original meaning of "ghost" is the spirit of man after death, and extends to the elves of all things.
The ancients believed that when a person dies as a ghost, he means that he returns to the original place. The ancients called the dead to return to man. For example, in the "Left Biography": "The child is born: the ghost has returned, but it is not strong." The "Fortune of Rites" says: "The qi of the soul returns to heaven, and the form returns to the earth." ”
Ghosts from the three, three is private, the yang is the ghost yin, the yang gong yin private, the ritual fortune: "listed in the ghost god." "Note: The ghost of the ghost is home.
The ancients believed that the yin qi of ghosts would harm people, so from 厶, Xu Kai's "Biography of the Interpretation of The Text": "Pure yin and stagnant qi are written by people, and those who harm thieves are also hurt." ”
Yi Ji Ji: "Emperor Gaozong cut down the ghost fang." "Poetry Daya": "Qin and Ghost Fang." "Biography: Ghost Side, Far Away Also."
Later, ghosts were regarded as the alienation of people, such as Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs and National Martyrdom", "The soul is resolute and resolute as a ghost male", which is a word of praise.
The modern Chinese word for "ghost" is often used to refer to something evil and terrifying, with a pejorative connotation.
"Ghost" is one of the first parts of the Chinese characters, and most of the characters from "ghost" are related to superstition and ghost gods. Such as 魑, charm, soul, 魄, etc.
KEY: Flattery.
Righteousness: Do what is appropriate. Refers to what should be done that meets the requirements of benevolence and courtesy.
Yong: Qi also. The breath is upwell and there is guts. Will mean words, from force, from Yong, will be the meaning of strength to enrich. Courage is the ambition that makes people full of strength, and courage is born from the heart, so its alien character is "恿". Mencius said, "Fu Zhi, Qi Zhi Ya." Qi, the charge of the body also. ”
"Courage" originally means courage, but also refers to boldness and boldness. For example, the Analects of the Constitution: "The benevolent are not worried, the knowers are not confused, and the brave are not afraid." Qing Duan Yu Cut "Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text": "The brave, the qi also." Where the qi goes, so does the force. ”
After the brave extension is brave, fierce. For example, "Zhuangzi - Thief Toe": "Brave and courageous, take the crowd to lead the troops, this next virtue also".
In ancient times, people with strength and courage were called "warriors", such as the "Chronicle of History": "Subjects think that they are warriors, have wisdom and strategy, and should be able to make them."
"Righteousness" and "courage" are Confucian norms for shaping a noble personality. Behaviors that conform to "benevolence", "righteousness", "courtesy", and "wisdom" are called "courage", otherwise they are called "chaos". Confucius once said, "Courage and rudeness are chaos." ”
The full text is understood to mean:
Confucius said, "It is not a ghost god that you should sacrifice, but you sacrifice it, which is flattery." To stand idly by when you see something that should be stepped forward is cowardice."
Confucius supported the worship of ghosts and gods, and he believed that it was the wisdom of governing the country to let the people have spiritual beliefs, and he once said: "Worshiping ghosts and gods and staying away can be said to be knowledgeable!" ”
However, the sacrifice of ghosts and gods must sacrifice the ghosts and gods that they should sacrifice, otherwise it is flattery, and Confucius despises the soft bones that like to flatter others.
Confucius also despised those cowards who did not act righteously, and gentlemen must not only have affection and righteousness, but also be loyal and courageous. Confucius believed that man should "take righteousness as a hostage" and "compare righteousness with it"
Confucius once said that he had "four worries": virtue is not cultivated, learning is not taught, righteousness cannot be migrated, and goodness cannot be changed. Among them, "smelling righteousness cannot migrate" means "seeing righteousness and not doing it.".
More than 2,000 years have passed, Confucius's concern has not changed, and now the phenomenon of "seeing righteousness and not doing anything" is still very common, and people are becoming more and more indifferent to each other, which is very alarming and worrying.
Warrior Hill Fengjia
In a small mountain village bordering Wuping County in western Fujian and Jialing County in eastern Guangdong, there is a humble Hakka walled house whose owner is the famous late Qing Dynasty anti-Japanese defender, patriotic poet, and educator Qiu Fengjia.
Qiu Fengjia is a Hakka, and the Hakka are the Han people of the Central Plains who are unwilling to move south in front of the invaders and steal security, they have lived a long and turbulent life, they have had to fight against the dangerous natural environment, and have developed the habit of hard work and the courage to pioneer.
Qiu Fengjia's great-grandfather began, because the cultivated land was small, there was no way to survive, had to follow his fellow countrymen across the ocean, migrated to Taiwan, Qiu Fengjia was born in Miaoli County, Taiwan.
After Taiwan was invaded by the Japanese, he vowed not to be a Japanese slave, worship Japanese ghosts, and resolutely returned to his ancestral homeland, living, running a school, and participating in the revolution.
When Qiu Fengjia was 14 years old, he went to Tainan to take the boy exam, won the first place in Taiwan, and was noticed by Ding Richang, the inspector of Fujian and the student of Taiwan (at that time, Taiwan was under the jurisdiction of Fujian), and was even called "Qi Tong", and specially gifted to the Indian side of "Dongning Caizi", which became famous throughout Taiwan.
In the autumn of 1885, Qiu Fengjia went to Fuzhou to take the township examination and failed to pass the examination. Then he traveled around Fujian and Guangdong for some time and became acquainted with the Jiaying poet Wang Xiaocang. In the spring of the same year, he returned to Taiwan, still with his father "ZuoXue Mengtong", and worked hard to study.
In 1887, Tang Jingsong was appointed by the imperial court to serve as the Governor of Taipeng Province. He was good at literature, and after taking office, he often held "meetings of literature and wine" in the official residence, inviting his subordinates and scribes to attend the meetings.
Qiu Fengjia was good at poetry, and also had the name of "Talented Son", and was soon praised by Tang Jingsongluo to the shogunate. Tang Jingsong once gave a couplet to Qiu Fengjia: "Two hundred years on the sea was born with this strange soldier, and I failed to have 100,000 scrolls in my belly." ”
Soon, Tang Jingsong recommended Qiu Fengjia to Haidong Academy to study. Since then, Yau Fengjia's contacts with Taiwan's upper echelons have gradually increased. During this period, Qiu Fengjia became acquainted with Chen Shengsan, Xu Nanying, Shi Shihao, Wang Chunyuan and other poets.
In 1888, at the age of 26, Qiu Fengjia went to Fuzhou to take the township examination and passed the examination. The following year, Qiu Fengjia went to Beijing for the first time, participated in the examination, passed the entrance examination, and was hand-picked as the chief of the YuHeng Department of the Ministry of Works. Qiu Fengjia had no intention of pursuing a career, so after the emperor received him, he returned to hewan on leave.
During the Beijing Examination, Qiu Fengjia became acquainted with Huang Zunxian, Wen Zhonghe and others, and had poetry and singing harmony with Xu Nanying. On his way back to Taiwan, Qiu Fengjia made a short stop in Shanghai. He also met again with Wang Xiaocang, a Jiaying poet he had met a few years ago.
In the autumn of the same year, Qiu Fengjia returned to Taiwan and was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life, relatives and friends. Tang Jingsong persuaded Qiu Fengjia to come out and become an official, but Qiu Fengjia thanked Tang Jingsong for his invitation and only agreed to take up the work of collecting and editing the "Taiwan Tongzhi". He is the lecturer of Tainan Chongwen Academy.
In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out, he foresaw the danger of Taiwan's future, took the "anti-Wu and defending the land" as the call to found a rebel army, took the lead in selling his property to enrich military expenses, and mobilized his relatives to enlist in the army, and served as the commander of the rebel army himself.
In 1895, China and Japan signed the "Maguan Treaty", Taiwan and the Penghu Islands were ceded to Japan, arousing the righteous indignation of the people of the whole country.
Seeing that there was no way back, Qiu Fengjia advocated Taiwan independence and used "Yongqing" as the era name to establish a "Taiwan Democracy." He made Governor Tang Jingsong of Taiwan the president. The corrupt and incompetent Qing government not only ignored Taiwan's territory and millions of compatriots, but also hurriedly ordered the withdrawal of the officers and men defending the territory, and Qiu Fengjia had no choice but to unite with a group of patriots to wage a fierce battle with the Japanese army.
Tang Jingsong, who was in charge of the defense of Taipei, was a greedy and fearful of death, with loose discipline and no intention of resisting Japan; soon after, Keelung was lost, Tang Jingsong disguised himself as an ordinary citizen and left Taipei for Xiamen, Fujian, taipei was easily occupied by the Japanese army, Qiu Fengjia learned that Taipei had fallen, Tang had crossed inward, and was extremely angry, in the face of the great national righteousness, Qiu Fengjia disregarded his own safety, led the rebel army and the Japanese invading army in a bloody battle for more than 20 days and nights, and carried out more than 20 battles, large and small, dealing a heavy blow to the Japanese army. Eventually, due to the lack of food and ammunition, the casualties were too heavy and the retreat was excessive. Many of Qiu Fengjia's disciples died heroically.
After the defeat of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Qiu Fengjia, who "did not become a Japanese slave and did not sacrifice Japanese ghosts," returned to his ancestral hometown (now Danding Village, Wenfu Town, Jiaoling County, Guangdong Province) to settle down, often traveling between Chaoshan and Guangzhou, once going to Hong Kong, Macao, Nanyang, and other places, once meeting with Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, and then conforming to the trend of the times, gradually leaning toward republicans from supporting royalists, covering the anti-Qing activities of the members of the League, founding schools, promoting new studies, and once teaching at The Hanshan Academy in Chaozhou.
In order to raise funds, he traveled to Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia and other places to raise funds for overseas Chinese. In Shantou, he founded the first new-style school in Guangdong, the Tong Literature Hall. In addition, he founded the Zhenping Junior Normal School and the Zhenping County Middle School. Schools such as the Shanghang County Normal School were also established in Shanghang County, Fujian Province.
In September of the third year of Xuan reunification (1911), Guangdong was restored, and Qiu Fengjia was appointed as the minister of education of the Guangdong military government. In November, he attended the meeting to form the Central Provisional Government in Nanjing, where he was elected as a central senator.
In 1912, Qiu Fengjia, who was still in Nanjing, suddenly fell ill, and then returned to the south, and soon died of illness, only 48 years old, and on the occasion of his death, he instructed his family: "The burial needs to be southbound, and I will not forget Taiwan."
It is a pity that Qiu Fengjia's full enthusiasm cannot awaken the ignorant people of Taiwan, Taiwan is the province with the most traitors, the Japanese invading army once wanted to recruit 50,000 new soldiers in Taiwan, and 420,000 people signed up to join the Japanese army.
In The Annan district of Tainan, there is a temple dedicated to a Japanese pilot, which is really puzzling, and Lee Teng-hui openly claims to be Japanese, which is very ridiculous.
Many Taiwanese are also proud to have been ruled by the Japanese, and Confucius once said: "Sacrifice it not to its ghosts. Such "flattering villains" will not be respected by the Japanese.
Together with Huang Zunxian, Ding Richang and He Ruzhang, Qiu Fengjia was known as "Mr. Lingdong Si". His poetic style is influenced by Du Fu and Lu You' families, and is full of patriotic feelings. He is the author of "Lingyun Hai Rilou Poetry Banknote" and other legends.