Title V, Chapter 3
The Son is a lowly man, "Gentleman like a man! Lu no gentleman, Si Yan Ti Si? ”
Zi Qi: Also known as Mi (fu) Zi Qi (521 BC or 502 BC – 445 BC), with uneven names, zi zi qi, Lu Guoren (a Song Guoren) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, a proud protégé of Confucius, and one of the Seventy-two Sages of Confucius.
Mi Zizhen served as Shan's father (pronounced Shan) (present-day Shan County, Heze, Shandong Province). He paid attention to self-cultivation and had the virtue of a gentleman, and the "Lü Shi Chunqiu Chaxian" recorded that when he was a single father, he used the method of "ruling without doing anything" to govern, and the result was "not to go down to the church and rule alone with a single father".
When he told Confucius about his achievements, Confucius praised him: "Sorry! Those who are not ruled by the uneven are small, and those who are ruled by the rule are large. This means that Mi Zi can also be a bigger official.
In ancient times, Mi and Fu were connected, the surname was derived from Fu Xi, and the doctor of the Qin and Han dynasties, Fu Sheng, an important descendant of the Book of Shang, and Empress Fu of the Eastern Han Dynasty were all descendants of Mi Zi.
If: hieroglyphs, oracle bones like a woman combing her hair, if the original meaning of the word is "obedience", "obedience", is the first text of "no".
If the word is later borrowed to mean "like", "such as", etc., such as "great wisdom is foolish, great cleverness is clumsy". Another example is "Shu Pan Geng": "If the net is in the program." ”
If it also refers to the meaning of "comparable", such as the Analects of Learning: "Those who are not poor and happy, rich and courteous." ”
If it can refer to the second person pronoun, it is equivalent to "you", "your", and also refers to "this" and "this person", such as the "Ritual ceremony of the priests": "勗 (xù) handsome to honor the heir of the first concubine, if there is a constant." "If this is the meaning of this article.
Ruo also refers to "Wakasa", like the Tongtian God Tree "Jianmu", it is a kind of sacred tree in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, such as the Huainanzi Topographic Training: "Wakasagi is in JianmuXi." Another example is "Chu Ci Tianqing": "Ruohua He Guang." ”
Lu: That is, Lu Guo.
S: The first "si" in this article means "this", that is, "gentleman's morality", and the second "si" is a mood auxiliary at the end of the sentence, meaningless.
The full text is understood to mean:
Confucius said of zibei, "This man is really a gentleman! If Lu Guo did not have a gentleman, where would he learn such good qualities? ”
This article is Confucius's evaluation of his disciple Mi Zibei, and it is also an affirmation of the fact that there is no shortage of gentlemen in the country of Lu.
Confucius also commented on another of his disciples, his niece and son-in-law Nan Gongshi: "A gentleman is like a man, and a shangde is like a man!" ”
Ji Zha, the prince of the State of Wu, once commented on Wei Guo: "Wei Duo Junzi", perhaps some people said that there is no gentleman in Lu Guo, Confucius expressed disbelief, so he said: "Lu has no gentleman, Si Yan takes Si? ”
Confucius once said, "As for Lu, as for Lu, as for the Tao." According to this, at that time, the country of Lu was a district of benevolence, and the social customs were good, so it could produce a gentleman.
So, under what circumstances did Confucius have such a high opinion of Mi Zi?
It is said that Confucius's nephew Kong Zhong (字子蔑, one of the 72 Sages of Confucius) was serving as an official at the same time as Mi Zi (宓子宓). Confucius passed by Kong's contempt and asked him, "Since you became an official, what have you gained and what you have lost?" ”
Kong Wei said: "Since I became an official, I have not gained anything, but there are three kinds of things I have lost, that is, how can the knowledge I have learned be reviewed when I am entangled in official affairs?" Therefore, learning can not understand and comprehend, which is a loss.
There are too few fenglu, and the thick porridge is not enough to supply internal and external relatives, and relatives are becoming increasingly estranged, which is the second loss.
Busy and nervous, unable to mourn the dead and visit the sick, friends are increasingly estranged, which is the third loss. ”
Confucius was very unhappy after hearing this, and went to see Zi Zhen again, saying, "Since you became an official, what have you gained and what have you lost?" ”
Zi Zhen said: "Since I became an official, I have not lost anything, but I have gained these three things:
First, the article that was originally memorized is now practiced and promoted, so that the things learned are understood day by day.
Second, although there are fewer, the thick porridge can also be supplied to relatives inside and outside, so relatives are getting closer and closer every day.
Third, although business is tense, after work, I often go to mourn the dead and visit the sick at night, so my friends are getting closer and closer every day.
After hearing this, Confucius commented on Zi Zhen and said, "What a gentleman, this man! What a gentleman, this man! If there were no gentlemen in luguo, where did this person learn this kind of virtue? ”
Mi Zi Mean Treatment
According to the "Lü Shi Chunqiu Kaichun Treatise and Cha Xian", Mi Zi Shu governed the single father, sitting quietly and playing the piano in the church every day, and the single father governed very well.
Probably because of the melodious tune of the piano and the euphemism of the song, the villagers of the single father are happy to come to the stage, listen to the pleasant music, and be influenced by it, which should be the "music teaching" in the Confucian ritual music education.
However, when another disciple of Confucius, Wu Ma, ruled Shan County, he wore the stars and the moon, retreated early and late, did not idle day and night, and personally handled various government affairs, but the single father was not as good as Mi Zi.
Therefore, Wu Maqi asked Mi Zi about the reason. Mi Zi said, "My word is in man, and the word of the son is in strength." Those who do their best work, those who let others work. ”
Meaning, my approach is called using people, and your practice is called force. Of course, those who work hard work hard, and those who employ people are of course comfortable.
Mi Zi was indeed powerful, with comfortable limbs and a peaceful heart, and all kinds of affairs of the government could be handled well. However, the Witch Horse Period expended energy, fatigue of hands and siblings, and cumbersome teachings, which showed that Mi Zi's level of governance was higher.
In fact, leaders should mainly grasp ideas and use good people. To grasp the mind is to promote indoctrination and cultivate it with the help of the media that the people like, such as music. To use good people is to use talented people, so that leaders can rule without doing anything.
Once, Confucius sent Wu Ma Period to visit Shan Father secretly, and Wu Ma Secretly took off his gorgeous clothes, put on a shoddy linen robe, and entered the Single Father Realm.
Wu Ma Qi saw that someone was fishing at night, but after catching the fish, he put it back into the water, so he went forward and asked, "The reason why you came to fish is to catch the fish." Today you put the fish you caught back, why is that? ”
The fisherman replied, "Mi zi does not want people to catch small fish that have not grown up." All I had caught were small fish, so I put them all back in the river. ”
Wu Maqi went back to report the matter to Confucius: "Mi Zi's moral cultivation has reached such a good level, he can make people dare not mess around in secret, just like the criminal law is placed next to him." How did he achieve this effect? ”
Confucius said: "I once asked Mi Zi's method of governing, and he told me that 'those who are sincere in this will be punished by the other', and Mi Zi Must have applied this method to governing a single father. ”
To make the people consciously abide by the laws and regulations from the heart is called "the people cannot bear to deceive", which is a real big skill, and not many leaders can do it. This is because his "sincerity" has been transformed into the hearts of the people and has become a "punishment.".
According to the "Wang Han Shan Fang Ji Shu Mi Zi", Mi Zi was appointed as the chief of the single father, and on the way to his post, he went to meet a hermit named Yang Day and asked him: "Do you have any experience to send me?" ”
Yang Di said, "I am a lowly man and do not know how to govern the people. But I have two ways to fish and ask to send them to you. ”
Mi Zi said, "What is your fishing method?" Yang Tian said: "When fishing, put the bait well, after the fishing wire is laid down, the fish that comes to swallow is called the yang ray,' which is thin and not delicious; there is also a fish that swims around the bait, and if it survives, if it does not eat, it is the bream, which is fat and delicious." ”
Mi Zi Zhen understood the truth and said, "Good. "Mi Zi has gone to office, and has not yet reached the single father," the crown cover greeted the Dao.
Mi Zizhen hurriedly urged his subordinates to say, "Hurry up, hurry up!" These are the 'yang rays' that Yang Di calls."
When he arrived at the single father, he invited those who were highly virtuous and talented to govern the single father with him.
In fact, there are many people who look like "yangfish", and they rely on actively approaching the leader to win capital for themselves. But some leaders eat this set and feel that it is very useful, so they unconsciously think that they are loyal to themselves. As for those who are of high moral character and really capable, they may miss it.
The more virtuous and capable people are, the more low-key they are, and the less easily they are born, which also tells our leaders that they should seek real talents, not among the campers, not among the flatterers, but among the quiet and indifferent.
People often use the term "constraint" to compare someone to hold back and work to be disrupted. This allusion also originates from Mi Zi Zhen.
Mi Zi went to govern the single father, fearing that Lu Jun would listen to the rumors of others, so that he could not implement his own ideas in the single father. When he was about to resign, he asked Lu Jun to send two close officials to accompany him.
After the single father, the local officials came to see him. Mi Zi asked the two officials who came with him to write documents. As soon as they lifted their pens, Mi Zi Zi shook their arms from the side from time to time.
These two officials could not write well, and Mi Zizhen was furious about it. The two officials were embarrassed and resigned and asked to go back. Mi Zi said, "You can't write well, so hurry up and go back!" ”
The two officials reported back to Lu Jun, "When Mi Zi asked us to write documents, he shook our arms from time to time, so that we could write well, but he scolded us if we wrote badly." That's why we're leaving Our Father! ”
Lu Jun listened to a long sigh and said with emotion, "Mi Zi is using this method to advise me!" I have often disturbed Mi Zi to prevent him from carrying out his own ideas, and this has happened several times. Without you two, I'm going to make mistakes again!" ”
So he sent someone to the single father to preach the order: "From now on, the single father is not owned by me, but by you." Anything that is good for a single father, you decide to do it! ”
The lesson of this story is that leaders appoint subordinates, should fully trust, let him work, and do not interfere too much.