Title IV, Chapter 10
Zi Yue: "A gentleman is also in the world, there is no adaptation, there is no Moye, and righteousness is compared." ”
Tianxia: The exclusive concept of the universe in the Han cultural circle. The literal meaning is "under the whole world", there is no geographical, time and space restrictions, but there are also different usages to describe a certain geographical concept. Like what:
1. In ancient times, it mostly referred to all the land within the scope of China; the whole country. For example, "Shu Da Yu Mo": "There are four seas in the world, and they are the kings of the world." Another example is the "History of the Five Emperors": "There are those who are not in the world, the Yellow Emperor will recruit them, the peaceful ones will go, the mountain passage, and they will not try to live in peace." ”
2. The whole world, such as "Mencius Gongsun Ugly": "The world is obedient, and the world is obedient." Another example is "Mencius Gongsun Ugly": "The world is not to benefit from military revolution." ”
3. The right of state rule, such as the Analects. Tabor: "Tabor can be said to be the most virtuous, and the three are called the world's concessions, and the people have nothing to gain." ”
4, between nature, between heaven and earth, such as "Lü's Spring and Autumn Inspection": "Know the cold of the world." ”
5, in the world, in society, such as Don · Gao Shi's "Don't Dong Da": "No one in the world knows the King." "Another example is Qing · Yuan Ming's "Huang Sheng borrowed a book and said": "Everything under the heavens is the same. ”
Suitable: Zhi also, from 辶coffen 啇 (dí), "啇" means "to be accurate" and "to be accurate". "辵" and "啇" are combined to mean "going in the direction of the target". Meaning: Towards the destination. Duan Yue: "To say what you want to start yourself, it is appropriate to say what you want." ”
For example, "Book Pan Geng": "The people are not comfortable. Another example is "Poetry Wei Feng Shuo Rat": "Suitable for the Paradise." Another example is "at a loss."
Suitable also refers to the direction of return, such as the "Zhuangzi Outer Chapter, The Tenth Chapter" of the "Tenth Chapter": "What is appropriate and there is no Tao? ”
Suitable also refers to the marriage of women, such as the "Confucius Family Language , Ben Ming": "The fifteenth year of a woman, there is a way to be suitable." ”
Suitable also refers to conformity and suitability, such as "Poetry Zheng Feng, Wild Vines": "Suitable for me to wish." Another example is Jin Tao Yuanming's "Return to the Garden and Rural Residence": "There is little vulgar rhyme, and sex loves Qiushan." ”
Suitable also refers to comfort and satisfaction, such as Ming LiYu's "Idle Love And Occasional Sending • Planting Department": "It is a hibiscus also, and there is no moment of discomfort to the eyes and ears." ”
Suitable also refers to just and fangcai, such as "Xu Xiake Travels and Travels to Huangshan": "It is past noon, and the slaves are suitable." ”
Appropriateness also refers to catching up, such as: "appropriate time" and "counterproductive".
When suitable for reading kuo, it means speed, and is often used in personal names, such as the Analects: Zhou Youbashi: Boda, Boshi, Zhongtu, Zhongku, Shuye, Shuxia, Ji Sui, And Ji Yi.
Another example: Li Shi, the twelfth emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Dezong, was the eldest son of Emperor Tang. Reigned from 779 to 805 AD.
The Tang Dynasty poet Gao Shi, the word Dafu, from his words, you can know that the meaning of "suitable" here has arrived, so it should be read as shi.
Mo: The ancient character of "Mo" is like the sun falling in the grass and trees, which is the original word of "twilight", which means when the sun sets. By extension, it can refer to late, one year will end, time will run out, etc., read mù. For example, "Yi Gang Gua": "Mo Ye has Rong." ”
"Mo" is borrowed for negative indefinite pronouns, which means that there is nothing and no one, and is also borrowed as a negative adverb to indicate the meaning of no and no; it also means speculation or rhetorical questioning, reading mò. For example, "Yi Zhi Ci": "Mo Zhihe, then the wounded are the most." ”
Mo also refers to the plot, such as "Poetry Xiaoya": "Rank rank is great, sage MoZhi." ”
Mo also refers to maosheng, such as "Poetry Zhounan": "Weiye Momo".
Mo also refers to big, such as "Zhuangzi Getaway": "Guangmo's Wild." ”
Mo also refers to qiang, such as the Analects: "Wen Mo Wu Jews also." ”
Bi: Miye, the two are subordinate, the reverse is the ratio, in the Oracle and Zhong Dingwen, are two close people, close to each other, side by side, this is the original meaning of "bi": close, close, and together. For example, "Zhou Li Xia Guan": "The Shape Fang Clan makes small countries a big country, and a big country is larger than a small country." ”
Bi extension refers to comparison and proportion, such as Qu Yuan's "Wading the River": "Comparing life with heaven and earth". Another example is "The Royal System": "It is necessary to examine the ratio of small and large to become successful." ”
Bi also extends to collusion, such as the Analects: "Gentlemen are not compared to each other, and villains are not compared to each other."
Bi also guides metaphors, such as Kong Yingda's "Mao Shi Zhengyi": "Endowment, comparison, and rejuvenation, such as the strange words of the "poem" text".
Bi also refers to the name of close neighbor. For example, "Zhou Li Di Guan": "The five houses are compared, so that they can be guaranteed." Five ratios are Lu, so that they are mutually acceptable. ”
The full text is understood to mean:
Confucius said: "A gentleman should have the world in mind, and when he is not suitable for his position, he should give it to others, and when he needs himself, he should not prevaricate, and always accompany righteousness." ”
The focus of interpreting this article is the two words of suitable and Mo, and there are many solutions to these two words, most people interpret it as the "enemy" tongkan, and the mo is interpreted as the tongkan of "Mu", and "no fit and no Mo" is "love without relatives and thinness".
For example, Yang Bojun's interpretation: "For the affairs of the world, a gentleman has nothing to do, nothing that must not be done, and only righteousness is pro."
Qian Mu interpreted it as: "A gentleman does not have a certain master of the affairs of the world, nor does he have a certain opposition, but only seeks to be righteous and obeys." ”
Confucius mentioned the world here, the intention is very high, so we must interpret this article from the perspective of the world, people must have a holistic view, a view of the overall situation, and a view of the world!
Looking at the five-thousand-year history, people of insight with a view of the world have emerged in an endless stream, and they have started from the world, the Heavenly Dao, and the Heavenly Principle, and they are the main force promoting the development of history.
If each of us had a view of the world, a view of the big picture, and no individualism, then how beautiful would the world be?
Lin Juemin
Many people will think that the people who participated in the revolution are because they are poor and can't live a long time, in fact, not necessarily, many people have sacrificed their lives for the liberation of the people and the progress of society, such as Lin Juemin!
Before the uprising, Lin Juemin wrote a letter to his wife: "Sacrifice my body for the sake of eternal happiness for the people of the world." He repeatedly analyzed the relationship between the small self and the big self, love and patriotism, and the blood and tears were all down, and the atmosphere was magnificent.
In 1887, Lin Juemin was born in Sanfang Qixiang, Fuzhou. At an early age, he inherited his uncle who was well-off as a son, Lin Juemin was naturally intelligent, never forgot to read, and was deeply loved by his father, and he was taught to read by his father since he was a child.
After participating in the imperial examination, he had no intention of obtaining a meritorious name, so he wrote seven big characters on the examination paper, "Teenagers do not expect ten thousand households", and left the examination room.
In 1902, Lin Juemin was admitted to the All-Fujian University Hall (now Fuzhou No. 1 Middle School) and began to accept the ideas of democratic revolution and promote the doctrine of freedom and equality. In 1905, he returned to his hometown and married Chen Yiying.
The young Lin Juemin felt that education was corrupt, praised Zou Rong's "revolutionary army" mentioned that "revolution and education go hand in hand", and found a house in the north of Fuzhou City with several progressive classmates and ran private schools on their own.
Lin Juemin also opened a girls' school at home, mobilizing more than 10 relatives and friends such as his wife Chen Yiying and cousin Lin Mengyu to enroll. He personally taught Chinese language courses, attacked feudal etiquette, and introduced the social system and equality between men and women in advanced countries in Europe and the United States.
Under his persuasion, a number of female relatives in the family gave up foot binding, and some people entered the Fuzhou Women's Normal School to study, becoming the first graduates of the school.
In order to stimulate the revolutionary ideas of the citizens, Lin Juemin and his classmates set up a newspaper reading office, which collected pamphlets such as Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army" and Chen Tianhua's "Turning Back", and subscribed to progressive newspapers such as "Minbao" and Qiu Jin's "China Women's Daily".
Lin Juemin was especially good at giving lectures and often propagating revolutionary principles. One night, he participated in the patriotic society activities at the Seven Star Temple in Jinxiang, jinxiang, and delivered a speech entitled "Saving The Dying China". A student supervisor of the Quanmin University Hall happened to be present. Afterwards, he said to the people, "Those who die in the Great Qing Dynasty will be in this generation!" ”
In 1907, Lin Juemin bid farewell to Chen Yiying and went east to Japan to study at his own expense, specializing in Japanese. In 1908, he transferred to Keio University to study liberal arts, specializing in philosophy, and studied both English and German Chinese. Soon, he joined the Chinese League association and became a backbone member of the Fujian branch.
At the end of January 1911, the Chinese League established a coordination department in Hong Kong to instigate the Guangzhou Uprising. Zhao Sheng and Huang Xing served as the chief and vice ministers of the Coordination Department respectively. After Lin Juemin learned of this, he returned from Japan to participate in the Guangzhou Uprising, went to Hong Kong, and then returned to Fujian to gather revolutionary volunteers.
On April 9, 1911, Lin Juemin bid farewell to Chen Yiying and took more than 20 people from Mawei, Fuzhou, to Hong Kong.
On April 11, 1911, Lam arrived in Hong Kong. At this time, the participants in the uprising came from all over the country. Lin Juemin came and went between Hong Kong and Guangzhou one after another, responsible for escorting these people into Guangzhou.
On April 23, 1911, Huang Xing infiltrated Guangzhou from Hong Kong to preside over the uprising because of internal traitors.
On the night of April 24, 1911, Lin Juemin wrote the "Letter to his Father" to his father and the "Letter to His Wife" to his wife on a handkerchief in the middle of the night.
On April 25, 1911, the Qing government increased its troops to Guangzhou, stepped up the search and arrest, and some secret organs were also destroyed. Huang Xing had to temporarily decide to launch an uprising on the 27th, and the attack plan was changed from the original ten roads to four roads.
On April 27, 1911, Chen Xinxin and others led Fujian volunteers into Guangzhou to participate in the Guangzhou Uprising led by Huang Xing. At 5:30 p.m., Lin Juemin and Huang Xing bravely attacked the Governor's Gate and set fire to the Governor's Office. After rushing out of the superintendent's office, he turned to attack the superintendent's training center, and on the way, he met with the qing patrol battalion brigade and launched a fierce street battle, and was captured with all his wounds.
In the face of the qing court's Guangzhou general Zhang Mingqi and the admiral Li Zhun of the water division, according to relevant records, Lin Juemin "talked freely, talked freely about the general trend of the world, made a statement with a pen, set up two pieces of paper, wrote a book to the point of intensity, undressed majestically, and beat his chest with his hands." He told the two men: "As long as tyranny is abolished and a republic is established, and the country is security and strong, it will be blind to death."
Li Zhun even moved his heart of compassion, feeling that he could leave Lin Juemin for the use of the Qing court. Zhang Mingqi held that this Lin Juemin, who "looks like jade, has a heart like iron, and his heart is as bright as snow, and can be called an odd man", if he is left to the revolutionary party, it will really be a trouble for the future.
On May 3, 1911, Lin Juemin was shot dead at the Tianzi Wharf in Guangzhou at the age of 24.