Jiashen Shijian

Source: Economic Daily

□ Chen invented

History has no ifs, it will only choose its good and follow it.

On the 30th day of the fourth lunar month in 1644, Li Zicheng, who had hastily ascended the throne, bid farewell to the throne of the Emperor of the Forbidden City, who had not yet sat on the hot throne, set a fire and fled west in a hurry. In the midst of the scattered soldiers and chaotic horses, he may not have time to sigh at all, more than ten years of hard work, but in just over forty days, he will collapse!

That year was the year of Koshin. The reason why it has been repeatedly mentioned in Chinese history is because the city of Beijing in that year sang and sang I appeared, that year when the chinese land was in chaos, that year the Chinese people enthusiastically expected that "the king came without paying grain", and returned to disappointment in the short-lived flash of the Dashun regime. The history of China that year left too many warnings for future generations, and Li Zicheng, who had a mixed reputation in history, and his rebels performed a classic case of "its rise and fall, and its demise is also abrupt".

Looking back at that year, we can't help but mention Shanhaiguan. "The two beijing locks are unmatched, the first pass of the Great Wall", the ancient Guancheng witnessed the Shanhaiguan War that changed Li Zicheng's fate more than 300 years ago. The invincible Dashun rebels, after less than a month of extravagance and lasciviousness in the city of Beijing, lost their morale like they had been sucked out, and they faced Wu Sangui, who was angry at the crown, and the Eight Banners Army that coveted the Central Plains. Hundreds of thousands of troops on both sides were arrayed, which should have been a protracted battle, but in just a few days, the Dashun army collapsed and returned to Beijing.

The green brick-dappled Shanhaiguan city wall is like an old man who has experienced vicissitudes, sitting in the doorway basking in the sun, not intending to tell too much, just quietly watching people climb Xiongguan to feel the hustle and bustle of jingo and historical changes. Walking through the ancient city of Shanhaiguan, if you pay attention, you can see a courtyard with a plaque of "Jiashen ShijianGuan" hanging on the West Street of the ancient city, and standing on the street, you can see that the wall inside the door is engraved with eight big characters: "Take history as a mirror and think of danger in peace." This is an exhibition hall set up by the local discipline inspection commission with the theme of honest government culture and education. In the small courtyard, there are five exhibition halls of "Fortress Smoke, Shihe Battle, Jiashen Shijian, Thinking of Danger in Peace, and Long Way to Go", which are detailed and thought-provoking.

History is the most patient teacher, and history is also the most ruthless examiner. The defeat of the Dashun rebel army is arrogant when it is defeated, and it is extravagant and corrupt when it is arrogant. It was not Dolgun or Wu Sangui who defeated Li Zicheng, but the corrupt and degenerate Dashun rebels themselves after the defeat of Jiangshan. When Li Zicheng left Beijing, he had no time to mourn himself, and many people after him mourned; if future generations mourned and did not learn from it, I am afraid that he would "make future generations mourn their descendants again."

In 1944, Mr. Guo Moruo had an in-depth and meticulous analysis of Li Zicheng from his rise to his demise in the article "Three Hundred Years of Jiashen Festival". In the final analysis, there are probably two points: success is also style, and defeat is also style; quick victory leads to rapid defeat. Li Zicheng's response has its personal charm factor, but the strict military discipline of the Dashun rebel army is the foundation of the widespread support of the common people. However, after entering the city of Beijing, this team suddenly deteriorated: Liu Zongmin, a brave and warlike general, aimed his knife at the rich people in the capital and was busy killing and plundering; the strategically planned XiangNiu Jinxing was also eager to open up a branch and recruit protégés for himself; there was a military master Song Xiance, who did not expect the sudden corruption of military discipline and the scattered spirit of the army, and it was difficult to save the general of the building by his own strength. In the Jiashen History Museum at Shanhaiguan, there is a huge mural depicting the development process of Li Zicheng and the Dashun rebel army "following the trend, taking care of the people and winning, extravagance and corruption, and dying against the road".

Rich and proud, self-inflicted. However, whether it is "victory is arrogance" or "idleness is corruption", it is the appearance of the failure of Li Zicheng and countless peasant uprisings in history. Fundamentally, it is that after establishing the regime, they forgot where they came from and did not know where to go. Forgetting the road to come is equivalent to destroying the foundation on which oneself relied for success, originally the officials forced the people to rebel, did not accept the people's rebellion as officials, and then forced the people again, and those who lost their original intentions lost the world. Not knowing the way to go, is to feel at a loss for their mission after winning the world, when the pole was unveiled, most of them were for food and food, in order to survive; after such a simple appeal was satisfied, they were overwhelmed and were dazzled by the honeysuckle jewelry flowers and flowers. Without lofty ideals and convictions and without finding out one's own historical mission, it is inevitable that we will eventually lose.

In March 1949, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set out from Xibaipo to Beiping, Mao Zedong said, "Today is the day to enter Beijing to catch the examination" and "We must not let Li Zicheng"; on the way, he also mentioned the "Three Hundred Years of Jiashen Festival": "This is just the beginning of reading, this article is to be read forever." ”

If Li Zicheng and his team can build a new regime with the mentality of "catching up with the examination", I am afraid that history will be rewritten. But what if is history? It will only choose its good ones and follow them, and when it crosses those who "have gone too fast and forget why they set out", they will not even blink an eye.

The History of Jiashen has taught us too much. (Source of this article: Economic Daily Author: Chen Fangfang)