The Four Talents of Hakka are fengjia

Qiu Fengjia [Qing] [1864-1912 AD, Patriotic Hero, Famous Educator, Poet]

　　Qiu Fengjia (1864-1912), also known as Canghai, was born in Miaoli County, Taiwan, and later moved to Changhua County. His ancestors belonged to the Hakka family lineage of the Central Plains who migrated south, and in the middle of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, his great-grandfather Qiu Shijun moved from Wenfu Danding Village in Zhenping (present-day Jiaoling County) in Guangdong to Taiwan, and engaged in reclamation in the middle of Taiwan. Qiu Fengjia was born with a bright nature, at the age of 14, he was admitted to Xiucai, at the age of 25, he was a middle-aged scholar at the age of 26, and he was the head of the Ministry of Works, because he did not want to leave his post as an official and returned to Taiwan, he began his teaching career.

　　In 1895, the Qing government, which had been defeated in the Sino-Japanese War, signed the Treaty of Maguan with Japan, which humiliated the country, ceding Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan. When the news came out, the whole island was in a panic. Qiu Fengjia indignantly summoned the Taiwan squire to bite the finger of the blood letter, jointly played the Qing government to protest, indicating that "all the people swore to disobey the Wo", and went to the blood letter four times and the blood book five times to show indignation and determination, demanding that the treaty be abrogated and resisted and the land be defended. However, the Qing court called back to "Taiwan to resist the danger of Beijing" and urgently summoned the defenders to withdraw at an early date and sent personnel to the south to deliver Taiwan.

　　Under the critical situation that the Qing government abandoned Taiwan and refused to allow the islanders to cross inland, and the Taiwan people "had no owner to rely on" and "no one to help," and the enemy suppressed the border, Qiu Fengjia, a scholar who was extremely angry and indignant, advocated the establishment of a "Taiwan democracy" with the Qing Dynasty as the right shuo, and together with the gentlemen of Taiwan, independently defended Taiwan, opposed Japanese aggression, and safeguarded national dignity and the reunification and territorial integrity of the motherland. He poured out his family assets, organized and led tens of thousands of anti-Japanese rebels to defend Taiwan, fought a bloody battle with the Japanese and the Kosovars with horizontal swords, and issued a letter of apology to Japan and abroad, declaring: "May everyone die in battle and lose Taiwan, and never give up taiwan." "Show the lofty patriotic sentiments and heroic spirit of vowing to die and not to be a slave to the country." After arduous and fierce battles, the heroic people of Taiwan fought more than 100 battles, killing and wounding more than 32,000 Japanese troops, including the head of the Guards Division, the head of the Japanese army invading Taiwan, The Army Lieutenant General Beixiang Kawanohisa, the commander of the Second Brigade, and Major General Yamane Nobumachi of the Army. Due to the huge disparity between the forces of the enemy and ourselves, they were isolated and helpless, the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians ran out of ammunition and food, and suffered serious casualties, and the mighty struggle to defend Taiwan finally failed. After being persuaded by the general, Qiu Fengjia had to cross in tears and return to his ancestral hometown of Wenfu Danding Village in Zhenping County, Guangdong Province. Later, a newspaper in Singapore published an article commenting: Although zhi is not rewarded, the voice of righteousness is vibrating in heaven and earth, and the name festival has been eons of time. After returning to the mainland, while vigorously promoting education, Qiu Fengjia actively engaged in the reform of the law and the democratic revolution, and served as the minister of education of the military government of Guangdong Province of the Republic of China, and went to Nanjing to participate in the preparation for the establishment of a provisional central government and was elected as a member of the Senate.

　　After returning to the mainland, Qiu Fengjia has always been mindful of his homeland of Taiwan and sought the reunification of the motherland. On his deathbed, he instructed his family: "The burial must be southbound, and I will not forget Taiwan!" "Sincere, tragic and touching.

　　Promote new education to save the country

　　When Qiu Fengjia was young, he felt that the nation and the country were suffering from many disasters and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government, and after the 26-year-old examination for the middle school entrance examination, he abandoned his official position and returned to Taiwan, believing that "it is meaningful to devote himself to raising scholars to teach, or to write for the people's righteousness", and began to embark on the road of education to save the country. After the failure of the Anti-Japanese War and Taiwan Protection, he even more personally realized that "China's crisis is becoming more and more urgent, and it is impossible to save the country's difficulties without opening up the people's wisdom and cultivating talents." ”

　　Qiu Fengjia deeply felt that "the learning of the old brackets is useless and practical", believes that "the old system of the academy, the instilling of new knowledge is inexhaustible", advocates reforming the old education system, vigorously promoting new learning, "specializing in new ideas and useful scholars", and cultivating "talents who are useful for rejuvenating the country". He completely broke the old-style college's mode of only focusing on scripture, selected and set up a rich and practical curriculum, and advocated the comprehensive development of the three educations of "morality, intellect and body". "Those who are alcoholics or alcoholics after arriving in the church and do not follow the canons shall be dismissed." It can be seen that Qiu Fengjia attaches great importance to the character of students. In terms of intellectual education, Western studies have been introduced, and in addition to courses such as classics and history, courses such as arithmetic, gezhi (physics), chemistry, physiological hygiene, and foreign languages (Japanese and English) have been added. In addition, he paid attention to physical education and opened a "soldier gymnastics" course to enhance the physical fitness of students. Qiu Fengjia vigorously reformed teaching methods, and in addition to Chinese teachers, he also hired some British and Japanese scholars and returned international students as teachers. Teachers are required to teach according to their aptitudes, advocate open teaching, and advocate academic controversy. Encourage students to study on their own, think more, ask questions, have "different ideas from the crowd", read newspapers frequently, and care about state affairs.

　　After returning to the mainland, Qiu Fengjia successively served as the main lecturer at Chaozhou Hanshan Academy, Chaoyang Dongshan Academy, and Chengjing Haihan Academy, and in the spring of 1901, he officially founded the Lingdong Tong Literature Hall in Shantou, which was the first new-style school in guangdong history. In the summer of 1904, Qiu Fengjia founded the Zhenping Junior Normal School in Guiling Academy, a county town in Jiaoling County, which specialized in training primary school teachers, and in 1906 it was reorganized into Zhenping County Middle School (the predecessor of today's Jiaoling Middle School), which was one of the earliest teachers in China. In the winter of 1904, he founded one Chuangzhao School in Dongshan (east of the county town) and Yuanshan (Baihu Village, Wenfu) (Chuangzhao is the ancestral name of Qiu II who settled in Wenfu). He "persuaded schools to run hundreds" by running their own affairs, encouraging others to do so, and sending powerful disciples to various places for activities. Qiu Fengjia has made remarkable achievements in running new schools and has become a prestigious educator in Guangdong Province and even the whole country. He was hired by the Governor of Liangguang as the Director of Academic Affairs and was elected by his colleagues in the education sector as the president of the Guangdong Provincial General Education Association. "In the more than ten years of its study, it has cultivated at most talents. Most of the revolutionary volunteers in Guangdong are out of their way. Later Yao Yuping (Pingyuan), commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Army, Zhu Zhixin, general counselor of the Guangdong military government, and Zou Lu (a native of Tai Po), president of Sun Yat-sen University, were all taught by the school founded by Qiu Fengjia and became the backbone of the revolution. Qiu Fengjia's implementation of new learning has effectively promoted the development of education in Guangdong and even the whole country.

　　The giant of the poetic revolution

　　Qiu Fengjia was 6 years old and 7 years old, and at the age of 14, he was praised by The Inspector of Fujian and The Scholar Ding Richang as "Dongning Caizi" (Dongning is an alias for Taiwan), and since then the poetry has been greatly shocked. The poems mainly include "Baizhuang Poetry Grass" and "Lingyun Hai Rilou Poetry Copy", the former is the work of Neidu before, and the latter is composed by Neiduhou. Majestic and majestic, tragic and vigorous for its artistic style.

　　The more than 1,700 poems written after the inner crossing of Taiwan are the most prominent works of the melancholy times and the world, which have distinct contents of the times and embody the creative characteristics of Qiu Fengjia's "reopening the history of poetry and making eloquent talks". Or express the heroic ambition of longing to recover Taiwan and realize the reunification of the motherland, or pinpoint the shortcomings of the times, explore the root causes of social diseases, or call for innovation and self-help, and strive to cure the problem, and so on. In terms of form, it is quite unrestrained, not bound by the law, the language is familiar and fluent, so that foreign vocabulary, dialect colloquialisms, new terms, new concepts, and new knowledge are incorporated into poetry, reflecting the essential relationship between social change and language change. His poems show a unique sense of innovation, "shaking for a while". Liang Qichao referred to Qiu Fengjia and Huang Zunxian as "the giants of the poetry revolution". Mr. Liu Yazi commented in the "On the Six Absolute Sentences of Poetry": "Shi Liu jing said huang gongdu, and heroism eventually lost to Cang Haijun. Most scholars believe that the person who fully demonstrates the actual achievements of the "poetry revolution" in modern times is Qiu Fengjia, who has written a lot of poetry.