The return of the lake and the sea has not been removed,
When the blood of the worried day is stirred.
Chiaki kan borrowed the mirror of my wife,
The four-walled diagram hangs over the human realm.
These are a few sentences in the poem "< The National History of Japan> The Sense of Becoming a Sense of Writing" written by the famous patriotic poet Huang Zunxian in modern times. "Chronicle of Japan" is a monograph on Japanese politics, history and geography written by Huang Zunxian in the past 10 years, with 40 volumes and more than 500,000 words. After the book was completed, Huang Zunxian wrote this poem. The "Azuma Mirror" in the poem is a Japanese chronicle. "Qianqiu Jian" refers to the "Qianqiu Golden Jian" compiled by Zhang Jiuling for Tang Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty. "Qian qiu jian borrowed the mirror of my wife" shows that Huang Zunxian wrote the "National History of Japan" based on the history of Japan's Meiji Restoration as a reference for China's restoration and reform.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the germination of patriotic ideas</h1>
Huang Zunxian (1848-1905), also known as Gongdu, was a native of Jiaying Prefecture (now MeiXian County), Guangdong. He came from a family of declining bureaucratic landlords, and his father, Huang Hongzao, was a well-known government official and poet. Jiaying Prefecture is home to famous mountain songs. When Huang Zunxian was 3 years old, his great-grandmother Li Shi dictated children's songs, mountain songs and "Thousand Family Poems" to him. Huang Zunxian grew up in such an environment and was influenced by literature since childhood. When he was 10 years old, one day the master asked him to write a poem entitled "A Panoramic View of the Mountains" in the poem of du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, "A panoramic view of the mountains". Huang Zunxian, full of childishness, thought a little and wrote with a stroke of his pen: "The world is still small, what is the mountain under the eyes." When he was a child, Huang Zunxian wrote such an ambitious and talented poem, and the teachers and neighbors were amazed. Later, he advocated, "If I write my mouth by hand, how can the ancients be bound?" He opposed "suppressing the similarities" and was hailed as a banner of the "revolution in poetry."
From an early age, Huang Zunxian developed a hard-working and down-to-earth and diligent attitude of studying. As a teenager, he diligently read a large number of books and made a large number of notes, sometimes because the time of recitation was too long, so that his lips were burned, and sometimes because the time of writing notes was too long, so that the skin of the finger head was hard. But he did not relax because of this, he once said something like this: "I have done all my life, and I have exhausted my worries." It can be seen that his desire for knowledge is insatiable.
Although Huang Zunxian also walked through a period of the road of imperial examination in his youth, the storm of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution and the armed invasion of imperialism shook his soul, making him quickly realize the decay of the Qing Dynasty and the uselessness of Sinology and Song Studies, and he was determined to reform the maladministration.
In 1870, on the way back from the second township examination, Huang Zunxian stepped onto the streets of Hong Kong, which had been trapped for nearly 30 years, saw the high barricades erected by the British colonists, full of opium smoke ready to be transported into the interior, and also saw some new things in the capitalist world. In 1871, when the Russian invaders invaded Xinjiang and declared that "Ili would forever be a Russian territory", he also resolved to "be a soldier of Hogo, and I will also kill thieves".
In 1876, when Huang Zunxian was 29 years old, he was lifted up. It was precisely in the same year that British imperialism, under the pretext of the murder of the British translator Ma Jiali, forced the Qing government Li Hongzhang to sign the so-called "Yantai Treaty." With great indignation, Huang Zunxian immediately wrote "Four Songs of the Great Prison" and expressed great sorrow for the situation caused by the Qing government's faint and cowardly diplomacy. The poem says: "Sitting in the royal court and prison, only slandering outsiders; eagle eyes on the side, pressing the sword is even more angry." "The humble knees of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and the flying and tumbling of foreign masters are in sharp and sharp contrast! This greatly affected his later determination to pursue diplomatic work. In December of that year, just as the Qing government appointed he Ruzhang, an attendant of his fellow villagers and Hanlin Yuan, as an envoy to Japan, Huang Zunxian took the initiative to ask to accompany him. Despite the obstruction of his relatives and friends, he resolutely abandoned his career and chose to engage in diplomatic work overseas. In 1977, He Ruzhang was recommended as a counsellor and accompanied him on an envoy to Japan.
< H1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, diplomatic careers in Japan and the United States</h1>
From 1887 onwards, Huang Zunxian served as Counsellor of the Embassy in Japan. As a diplomat, Huang Zunxian has always advocated good-neighborliness and friendship between China and Japan and jointly defended and strengthened Russia. In his poem, he pointed out that China and Japan "are in Asia Minor, and have been sealed together since their former neighbors." For example, the auxiliary car is attached, such as the corner standing. The rich and powerful that are feared can complement each other. The same kind of people are striving to be excited, and the foreign insults are lurking day by day." In the poem, he also reminded Japan to be vigilant against the aggression of Tsarist Russia, "The king told Rudoz, the leopard and tiger are in the north." These poems fully express the good wishes of the Chinese and Japanese peoples to live together for generations. In Japan, he made many Japanese friends, and dozens of them are mentioned in his poems alone. In the notebooks collected by the Japanese People's Congress in Hanoi, a large number of written conversations between Huang Zunxian and Japanese friends are preserved, including political, economic, literary and artistic, customs and habits of the two countries. Although Huang Zunxian has only been in Japan for a short period of 5 years, he has a lot of affection for the Japanese people and the scenery and scenery, so that when he left this "cherry blossom country", he wrote with a reluctant mood: "It is very difficult to be a cherry blossom in a day to relax in the landscape", "The vicissitudes are vast, and looking back at Jiangcheng is more intimate." Japanese friends also have great respect for Huang Zunxian, "looking up to him like Taishan Beidou, insisting on seeing, and walking outdoors." For each of his poems, "the crowd is enshrined as a golden rule."
As an outstanding poet, Huang Zunxian also wrote nearly 200 "Japanese Miscellaneous Poems", and to this day, the stone stele of "The First Draft of Japanese Miscellaneous Poems" still stands in the HirabaJi Temple in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and the name of the stele written by Huang Zunxian himself is also engraved on the stele. Just as he predicted, "a volume of poetry and a piece of soil, poetry and soil together for thousands of years; begging gods and creatures to protect it, burying the soul of poetry and the ink river margin", it symbolizes the eternal friendship between the Chinese and Japanese peoples.
He can also uphold principles and wage serious struggles against the acts of the Japanese ruling clique in undermining Sino-Japanese friendship. Huang Zunxian keenly foresaw that Japan, which had quickly become strong after the Meiji Restoration, was ambitious, aggressive, and adventurous, and would become a major problem for our country and neighboring countries. In 1879, when Japan annexed Ryukyu, Huang Zunxian immediately drafted important documents for Prime Minister Yamen and Beiyang Minister on behalf of He Ruzhang, which very meticulously and accurately stated China's various countermeasures, and profoundly pointed out: If "sitting idly by and listening to the destruction of the sun" and "it is for no way", and "one day to indulge the enemy" will become "a plague for several generations", "in a few years, The Fujian Sea will suffer first." After Ryukyu, the Japanese aggressors pointed their claws at Our country's close neighbor Korea, and Huang Zunxian gave thousands of words to the Qing government, strongly advocating that while Japan's aggressive action was still being prepared, it would adopt a pre-emptive strategy to deal a heavy blow.
In 1882, Huang Zunxian was ordered to be transferred to the consul general in San Francisco. During his mission to the United States, he coincided with the vicious wave of the Chinese exclusion movement set off by the American bourgeoisie. As an upright and patriotic diplomat, he proposed countermeasures to the Qing government based on the criminal facts of Chinese exclusion in the United States. But the faint and decadent Qing government did not adopt it at all. Therefore, Huang Zunxian can only do his best to protect overseas Chinese within his own authority and with a heart that loves overseas Chinese. On one occasion, U.S. officials arrested and imprisoned a large number of overseas Chinese under the pretext that the Chinese area had violated U.S. health regulations. Upon hearing the news, Huang Zunxian personally ran to the prison and asked his entourage to carefully measure the size of the old house, and then he once asked in front of the American officials: "Are the sanitary conditions here better than those in the Chinese area?" "The U.S. officials were so embarrassed that they had to release all the Chinese detained. This case fully demonstrates Huang Zunxian's lofty qualities of not being afraid of violence, daring to struggle, and safeguarding national dignity. When Liang Qichao traveled to the Americas 20 years after the incident, overseas Chinese in the United States "still praised this matter." Even sixty or seventy years later, in an article, Situ Meitang, an overseas Chinese in the United States, enthusiastically praised Huang Zunxian as "the only person among China's historical diplomats stationed abroad who can do the work of protecting overseas Chinese." This was very valuable at the time.
In 1885, Huang Zunxian left his post and returned to China. Zhang Zhidong, a bureaucrat of the Western affairs faction and the governor of Liangguang, asked him to inspect the affairs of overseas Chinese in Nanyang, while Zhang Yinhuan, who was the new envoy of the United States, Japan, and Russia, was an old acquaintance of Huang Zunxian when he was in Yantai, and hoped that he would still return to San Francisco as consul general. Because he has been abroad for many years, he deeply feels that "Chinese scholars, smell narrow and ugly, and have good intentions in foreign affairs", and he very much wants to introduce what he has seen and heard abroad to the Chinese people in order to arouse the hearts and minds of the people. When he was in Japan, he wrote the first draft of the "Chronicle of Japan", but after many years in the United States, due to busy government affairs, it has not been revised, and it is time to write it. After eight or nine years of hard work, he finally wrote the "National History of Japan" in 1887. Divided into 12 categories, such as national unification, neighboring relations, astronomy, geography, and officials, this book comprehensively and details the history and current situation of Japan, describes the canonical system after the Meiji Restoration in Japan, analyzes and comments on it in light of China's actual conditions, and expounds its own bourgeois reformist reform and reform ideas. The book caused a stir in China, with people calling it "a masterpiece rarely done in centuries" and was "revered as a treasure in the sea."
From February 1890 onwards, Huang Zunxian was appointed Consul General in The United Kingdom and then in Singapore. At this time, he read the works of Montesquieu and Rousseau, and his thinking underwent great changes, realizing that "the Taiping World will be in a democratic country" and "China will change from the West". However, for many years abroad, he also saw some shortcomings of the bourgeois democratic system, saying: "He knows that the republican form of government must not be applied to our country today, and that he is progressive and takes the constitution as his destination." At this time, Huang Zunxian was transformed from a progressive landlord class intellectual into the earliest bourgeois politician and diplomat in China with mature constitutional monarchical ideas.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, participate in the "change" activity</h1>
In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the following year, the Treaty of Maguan was signed, and taiwan, a rich and beautiful treasure island of the motherland, was occupied by Japan at this time. When he signed the contract, Huang Zunxianzheng and a few friends were touring the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, and when he heard the news, it was like five thunderbolts were thundering, and he was so sad that he could not say a word. On the spot, he wrote a patriotic poem, "Taiwan Trip", expressing his sadness and indignation. The poem says: "When the city head beats a big drum, the heavens and the sky are full of tears, and the Uighurs actually cut off Taiwan", "Take my fat paste to offer to the enemy, and the people will not tire of the rats, and the people will suffer from this suffering." The growing national crisis prompted Huang to join Kang Liang's restoration activities. At that time, Kang Youwei founded the "Strong Society" and the "Bulletin of all Nations" in Beijing, and After Huang Zunxian returned from Singapore, he immediately joined the "Strong Society" branch in Shanghai. Later, he met Kang Youwei again, and since the two of them "lived day and night and said everything", they became activists of the reformist faction. When the "Strong Society" was shut down by Empress Xi and his gang, he and Wang Kangnian and others jointly prepared the "Shi Ji Bao", continued to publicize the idea of reforming and changing the law, and invited Liang Qichao to Shanghai to serve as the chief writer of the "Shi Ji Bao".
In the autumn of 1896, Huang Zunxian was ordered by the Guangxu Emperor to enter Beijing. According to the Qing Dynasty system, officials below the Dao and prefectural levels must be led by the Ministry of Rites to see the emperor. At that time, Huang Zunxian was just a Taoist. Because he proposed the restoration and reform of the law, he was summoned by Guangxu. The Guangxu Emperor asked, "Why are the countries of Taixi better than China?" Huang Zunxian replied: "The reason for the strength and prosperity of the Taixi countries lies in the change of law. He hoped that the Guangxu Emperor would implement the change of law and make the country rich and strong.
In 1897, Huang Zunxian acted as an envoy to Hunan, and he actively assisted Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan, in implementing the New Deal. He also cooperated with Tan Sitong, a pioneer of the Hunan Restoration, to establish the Shiwu Academy and employ Liang Qichao as the chief teacher. They established the "Southern Society" and founded the Xiangxue New Daily and the Xiang bao. The Southern Society has a weekly lecture by Huang Zunxian, Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao and others in turn. They talk about major events at home and abroad and publicize the reform and reform method. Hunan became the most powerful province to implement the New Deal at that time. In 1898, Huang Zunxian was appointed minister in Japan, but due to illness, he was unable to make the trip.
When the Penghu Reform Method, which shocked China and foreign countries, was carried out, he returned to Shanghai for treatment due to dysentery, which was the main reason why he was not killed after the failure of the reform. However, after the change of the law, Huang Zunxian was still implicated and was "released" back to his hometown by the deposed official. After returning to his hometown, he attached great importance to local education and made great contributions. On March 28, 1905, he died of illness at home in Renjinglu.
Huang Zunxian excelled in poetry, calling his poems "new poetry". His poems are broad in subject matter, rich in content, popular in language, diverse in form, and have new ideas. Many of the poems he wrote truly recorded some major events in China's modern history, showing a high degree of patriotic enthusiasm, and was known as the "history of poetry". In the poetry revolution at that time, Huang Zunxian's achievements were the greatest, and he could be called the pioneer of the poetry revolution. He wrote a large number of poems during his lifetime, mainly collected in his self-compiled "Renjing Lu Shicao" and "Japanese Miscellaneous Poems". Huang Zunxian's poems are a precious legacy in the treasure house of Chinese culture.