Zhao Shiyan: He was the superior of Premier Zhou, and at the age of 26, he betrayed his bravery and righteousness because of traitors, and his nephew was the premier
Speaking of the prosperity and stability of the motherland, we can always think of a sentence: "Where there are good years, but someone is carrying the weight forward for you." We can have such a peaceful and contented life today, not out of thin air, but our party's revolutionary martyrs exchanged their own blood and lives for it, and it is precisely because New China has their shelter from the wind and rain and escorts that we have such a happy and stable life as we have now.
Looking back at history, we will find that it is really very difficult for our party to come step by step, and for the sake of China's future and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it has sacrificed too many outstanding good comrades, and a large number of revolutionary martyrs have sacrificed their young lives for the independence of the country and the liberation of the nation.
As one of the founders of our party, Zhao Shiyan, for the sake of his revolutionary ideals and for the sake of China's future prosperity, when he was arrested for betrayal by traitors, he firmly refused the surrender of the Kuomintang reactionaries, was unyielding, vowed never to surrender, and finally sacrificed his precious life at the age of 26.
Zhao Shiyan
Zhao Shiyan was born in 1901 to a wealthy family in present-day Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing, where his father, Zhao Dengzhi, was a well-known local landlord and wealthy businessman. Because of his family's wealth, Zhao Shiyan entered a private school at the age of 4, and studied under Chen Deyuan, who graduated from The Hongwen Normal School in Japan, and Li Yukun, a high-achieving student at Sichuan University, both of whom were local well-known progressive scholars, and both had real materials, Chen Deyuan later did the Youyang County Order, and Li Yukun did the Qianjiang County Order.
Under their enlightenment, Zhao Shiyan not only grew in knowledge, but also gradually opened his mind, and he hated imperialist aggression and the incompetence of the feudal dynasty.
In the autumn of 1912, Zhao Shiyan was enrolled in the Longtan Senior Primary School, when his geography teacher was Wang Boshan, a member of the League, who often preached anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideas in the classroom, and under his influence, Zhao Shiyan increasingly hated the decay and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty and the aggression of imperialism.
One day in geography class, Wang Boshan talked about the partition of Hong Kong, the lease of Kowloon and Macao, the division of Chinese territory among the great powers, and the fragmentation of the great rivers and mountains, Zhao Shiyan was furious and silent after listening to it, and after class, he repeatedly sang Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong": "Zhuangzhi is hungry for meat, laughing and talking about thirst for The blood of the Xiongnu..."
Soon, Zhao Shiyan cut off the long braids on his head, determined to completely cut off the corrupt Qing rulers. His mother was panicked about Zhao Shiyan's "deviant" behavior, but his father Zhao Dengzhi laughed and praised his son's ambition.
The picture shows the TV series "Our French Years" Li Liang plays Zhao Shiyan
In 1915, Zhao Shiyan was admitted to the Beijing Higher Normal School with excellent results, which was the time of the rise of the new cultural movement, and under the influence of progressive magazines such as "New Youth" sponsored by Chen Duxiu, Zhao Shiyan also threw himself into the new cultural movement, and in the process became acquainted with Li Dazhao and other early leaders of our party.
At that time, Li Dazhao was very appreciative of Zhao Shiyan, a progressive young man with broad-mindedness, far-sighted vision, and flexible mind, and praised: "Shiyan has a fast brain, and many problems are very enlightening to me. ”。 In order to cultivate Zhao Shiyan, Mr. Li Dazhao let him participate in the editing of many progressive publications such as "Civilian Weekly", "Teenagers" semi-monthly magazine and "Work Reading" semi-monthly magazine, responsible for publicizing anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideas to the masses.
In his exchanges with Li Dazhao and other progressives, Zhao Shiyan's horizons gradually broadened, and he also had a clearer understanding of the current situation in China. At this time, Zhao Shiyan repeatedly publicly attacked the shortcomings that existed in China at that time in the press, advocated that China should practice socialism, and bluntly said that only socialism was "the most just, the most equal, no warlords, chaebols, no racial boundaries, no borders, economically good, especially moral" social system.
In 1919, through the introduction of Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan joined the Chinese Juvenile Society. On May 4, the "May Fourth Movement" broke out, and zhao Shiyan was elected as the representative of the students of the affiliated middle school of the normal university, and then he organized and led the students of the affiliated middle school of the normal university to go out of the school and take to the streets with patriotic teachers and students of other universities and middle schools to cheer for the country.
In May 1920, Zhao Shiyan went to France to study.
On the 9th, Zhao Shiyan's French ship Amanbenik sailed out of Shanghai Yangshupu Wharf, Chairman Mao and other friends from all walks of life who sponsored the work-study movement came to the pier to send them off, and after 50 days of sailing, Zhao Shiyan arrived in Marseille.
After coming to Paris, Zhao Shiyan, who was a work-studyer, was assigned to work for the Chinese Education Association, serving the nearby Chinese and helping the Chinese Education Association to do some editing and publishing work. Later, Zhao Shiyan worked in an iron factory on the western outskirts of Paris. During the work-study period, Zhao Shiyan did not forget the real purpose of studying in France, that is, to explore the way to save the country, he would insist on 3 hours of study every day, read some Marxist pamphlets, and the wind and rain would not move. Every dusk, Zhao Shiyan often ran to the roof of the rental house, read books through the afterglow of the sunset, and called himself the "thief of dusk".
In the spring of 1921, Zhao Shiyan joined the Communist Party of China and became a glorious member of the Communist Party of China, and together with Zhang Shenfu, Zhou Enlai and other Communist Party members who also studied in France, he initiated the establishment of the early organization of the Communist Party of China in France.
In 1922, Zhao Shiyan, Zhou Enlai and others initiated the establishment of the Young Chinese Communist Party in Europe, serving as secretary, and Zhou Enlai as the propaganda minister, at that time Zhao Shiyan was premier of Premier Zhou. Subsequently, Zhao Shiyan served as a member of the General Branch of the CPC in Europe and the secretary of the French Group of the CPC.
In 1923, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Yannian, Wang Ruofei and a group of other young people went to Moscow to study at the Communist University of Eastern Laborers. The following year, Zhao Shiyan returned to China to participate in revolutionary work.
After returning to China, Zhao Shiyan was appointed secretary of the Beijing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, assisting Li Dazhao in specifically taking charge of the party's work in the northern region, during which he threw himself wholeheartedly into the workers' movement, and in order to let our party get more workers' support, he went to workers' organizations throughout the country to give speeches and propagate anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideas. Under Zhao Shiyan's very infectious speech, workers everywhere began to support our party and followed our party to participate in many workers' movements initiated by our party.
Zhao Shiyan's talent and ability were quickly affirmed by the PARTY Central Committee, and he was entrusted with important duties, successively serving as chairman of the local executive committee of the CPC in Beijing, director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Northern Region Executive Committee, and director of the Workers' Movement Committee.
On May 30, 1925, more than 2,000 patriotic teachers and students in Shanghai distributed leaflets in the British Concession, delivered speeches, protested against the Japanese spinning mills killing the worker Gu Zhenghong, expressed solidarity with the workers, and called for the repossession of the concession. In the afternoon, more than 10,000 patriotic people gathered in the patrol house of the old gate on Nanjing Road in the British Concession, demanding that the British concession authorities release the patriotic students who had been arrested and shouting slogans such as "Down with imperialism." At this time, the British patrol actually disregarded the fact that there were some unarmed ordinary people in front of them, shot and shot, killing thirteen people on the spot, seriously injuring dozens of people, and arresting more than one hundred and fifty people.
At this time, in order to show solidarity with the struggle of the Shanghai people, Zhao Shiyan organized and launched the workers' movements such as the Tianjin Japanese Merchants' Spinning Factory Workers' Strike, the Kailuan Five Miners' Strike, the Tianjin Seamen's Strike, and the Zhao Gezhuang Miners' People's Congress, so that the solidarity activities and mass struggles in the northern region could be linked together, thus dealing a heavy blow to the arrogance of imperialism and reactionary warlords.
On March 12, 1926, japanese warships sailed into Tianjin Dagukou to cover the Feng warships, and brazenly shelled Feng Yuxiang's nationalist army, killing and wounding more than ten defenders. The Nationalists resolutely returned fire and drove the Japanese ships out of The Dagu Pass. At this time, the shameful Japanese Kou shamelessly joined forces with Britain, the United States, and eight other countries to issue an ultimatum to the Duan Qirui government on the 16th, proposing to remove the Dagukou national defense facilities and other unreasonable demands.
On March 18, Li Dazhao, Chen Qiaonian, and others mobilized more than 5,000 patriotic masses in Beijing to set out from Tiananmen Square, pass through East Chang'an Avenue, Dongdan Archway, Mishi Avenue, and East Fourth Archway, enter the east entrance of Tieshi Hutong, and petition in the square in front of Duan Qirui's government, demanding that the government reject the unreasonable demands of the Eight Kingdoms. However, the corrupt and incompetent Duan Qirui government not only did not accept the patriotic masses' requests, but instead, fearing that the situation would get out of control and threaten their rule, brazenly ordered the shooting of our patriotic masses, killing forty-seven people on the spot and wounding more than two hundred people, and Li Dazhao and Chen Qiaonian were both injured.
This is the "March 18" massacre that shocked China and foreign countries.
The Times called the incident a "shocking tragedy" of "bestiality." Lu Xun called this day "the darkest day since the Republic of China."
Mr. Lu Xun
After that, the Duan Qirui government ordered the arrest of Xu Qian, Li Dazhao, Li Shizeng, Yi Peiji, Gu Mengyu, and five others. For safety reasons, Li Dazhao led the northern regional party committee to temporarily avoid the Soviet embassy, and Zhao Shiyan was also ordered to move to Shanghai.
After coming to Shanghai, although Zhao Shiyan was not afraid of life and death, for safety reasons, Zhao Shiyan continued to lead a series of workers' strike movements in Shanghai under the pseudonym "Shi Ying", and secretly organized armed uprisings to deal with the massacres and attacks of Beiyang warlords.
In October 1926, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Wuhan, and the Shanghai Party organization decided to launch an armed uprising of workers in Shanghai in order to cooperate with the progress of the Northern Expedition, at which time Zhao Shiyan assumed the heavy responsibility of leading the workers' uprising. However, due to the immaturity of the time, the first and second armed uprisings led by Zhao Shiyan's organization ended in failure.
On March 21, 1927, Zhao Shiyan, Together with Zhou Enlai, Chen Duxiu, Luo Yinong, and other organizations, led the Third Workers' Armed Uprising, commanded a workers' picket with only 150 guns, and launched an attack on the 3,000 Zhilu Army. Since many workers and soldiers at that time were fighting for the first time, they were somewhat afraid of the enemy when fighting against the Zhilu Army. When Zhao Shiyan saw this, he took the lead in launching a charge against the enemy, and the workers and fighters saw that their morale was immediately high, and they all charged bravely.
At this time, because Sun Chuanfang, the commander of the Zhilu Army, was defeated and retreated by the Nationalist Army, there was no time to take care of Shanghai, and in addition, our party learned the lessons of the previous failures and made strict arrangements, and the railway transportation in Shanghai was interrupted before the uprising, leaving the Beiyang warlord In Shanghai's 3,000 garrison commander Bi Shucheng and 2,000 local police officers in a situation of isolation and helplessness. Therefore, after more than 30 hours of fierce fighting, our party finally defeated the Zhilu army and occupied Shanghai.
The victory of the third armed uprising of the Shanghai workers dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of imperialism and warlords, demonstrated the tenacious fighting spirit and strong organizational strength of the Chinese working class, and became a glorious page in the history of the Chinese workers' movement. Zhao Shiyan was indispensable to the victory of the third armed uprising of the Shanghai workers, and his command ability was fully displayed in this uprising, and his pioneering and inviolable danger greatly encouraged the fighting spirit of the workers and fighters who participated in the uprising.
The third armed uprising of the Shanghai workers
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly launched the "April 12" coup in Shanghai to realize his ambitions for military dictatorship, massacring our Communists, the Left Wing of the Kuomintang and the revolutionary masses, thus making the revolutionary situation in our Party increasingly severe.
In May 1927, Zhao Shiyan attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Wuhan and was elected as a member of the Central Committee.
Later, in view of the grim revolutionary situation in Shanghai and the need for someone to coordinate the overall situation, Zhao Shiyan returned to Shanghai and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial CPC Committee and chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, continuing to lead our party's revolutionary struggle in Shanghai.
However, to no one's imagination, Zhao Shiyan's departure has become a farewell.
Premier Zhou
On July 2, 1927, because of the betrayal of traitors, Kuomintang agents found Zhao Shiyan's residence, and Zhao Shiyan was arrested. After his transfer, Zhao Shiyan was imprisoned in the Military Justice Department of the Longhua Songhu Security Headquarters.
In order to make Zhao Shiyan tell zhao Shiyan about the situation of our party in Shanghai, the enemy tortured him and used all kinds of torture. However, Zhao Shiyan did not reveal half a word, always unyielding, vowing to die, and in prison, Zhao Shiyan also encouraged other arrested comrades to strengthen their convictions and tell them: The revolution is to shed blood, there is no need to be afraid.
Seeing that Zhao Shiyan did not yield to torture no matter what, the Kuomintang reactionaries who had no way to do anything about it were ashamed and angry, so they decided to kill him.
The night before the execution, the enemy who did not want to give up asked Zhao Shiyan what else he had to answer, hoping that Zhao Shiyan would surrender to them for fear of death. However, the staunch Zhao Shiyan was destined to disappoint them, and Zhao Shiyan took a pen and paper and waved his hand to write an 8-page suicide note, and said to the reactionaries: "The heroes will not hesitate to sacrifice, the seeds of revolution have been spread all over the north and south of the great river, they will surely thrive, and the Communist Party will finally win victory!" ”。
Statue of Zhao Shiyan martyr
On July 19, 1927, the enemy took Zhao Shiyan out of his cell. At this time, Zhao Shiyan knew that the last moment had arrived, and as soon as he came out of the door, he shouted: "Long live communism!" "Down with the new warlord Chiang Kai-shek!" "Workers, peasants, and soldiers unite."
Hearing Zhao Shiyan's deafening cry, the other comrades in the prison also responded, and for a time the whole prison was filled with slogans that made the Kuomintang reactionaries afraid, and they were afraid! In order to make this frightening sound disappear, the reactionaries, who were ashamed and angry, hurriedly ordered "cut, cut with a knife."
In the end, Zhao Shiyan was hacked to death by a knife, and sacrificed his young and precious life for the people and the cause of the communist revolution, at the age of 26.
After Zhao Shiyan's sacrifice, Nie Rongzhen praised Zhao Shiyan: "Infinite loyalty to the party and the cause, going deep among the masses in work, living a hard and simple life, fighting hard against the enemy' struggle, adhering to principles and being enthusiastic and amiable to comrades, Comrade Shiyan is a noble communist." Deng Yingchao praised Zhao Shiyan: "His infinite loyalty to the party to the cause of communism, his conscientious and meticulous work style, his approachable attitude that is both serious and amiable, his tenacious fighting spirit and heroic sacrifice show the noble qualities of Communist Party members." ”。
Later, when Chairman Mao was in Yan'an, he also said to people more than once: "Comrade Sichuan has impressed me the most is Zhao Shiyan. We've talked a few times, and Shi Yan is a talented man. ”。
Chairman Mao
Zhao Shiyan has a younger sister named Zhao Juntao, who is the mother of Li Peng, the former premier of the State Council. Under the guidance of her brother Zhao Shiyan, she also threw herself into the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary movement without hesitation, and joined the Communist Party of China in 1926, becoming a glorious Communist Party member.
After the founding of New China, Zhao Juntao successively served as deputy director of the Department of Education of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, member of the party committee and vice president of Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology.
Our party's revolutionary road has really not been easy, but fortunately, the revolution has been successful, and today's new China has become prosperous, no one dares to bully us like that in those years, the motherland has become stronger, the people's lives are getting better and better, and the blood of those revolutionary martyrs of our party has not been shed in vain.
This is a prosperous world, as you wish.
With this article, I would like to pay tribute to the revolutionary martyr Zhao Shiyan.
Where there are good years, it is only someone who carries the weight for you to move forward, and it is precisely because there are too many martyrs like Zhao Shiyan who threw their heads and spilled their blood for New China, that we have a happy and stable life today.