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Red-eyed bee is a parasitic bee, the natural distribution is relatively widespread, red-eyed, thin waist, small head, if it is directly observed with the naked eye, it can not be seen at all, is a small point of yellow or yellow-brown, much smaller than the fruit fly, some subspecies are even less than one-tenth of the size of the fruit fly. Although the red-eyed bee is so small, it contains great energy, is a natural enemy of many agricultural and forestry pests, and is currently the most widely used biological pest control measures in the field of agricultural planting and production worldwide. From the current relevant studies, the red-eyed wasp can parasitize the eggs of more than 400 species of agricultural and forestry pests, and kill the pests before they are spawned (it can parasitize pests for 7 purposes such as Lepidoptera and Diptera, and with the discovery and artificial breeding of new subspecies, Inon believes that the range of parasitic pests of the red-eyed wasp will be wider). China's use of red-eyed bees to control agricultural and forestry pests is earlier, since 50 years in the last century has been large-scale promotion and use, the development of the use of red-eyed bees "insects to treat insects" scale cultivation, control measures and so on have been quite perfect.
There may be many old farmers, especially in the sugarcane, corn, rice, sunflower producing areas in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as the older generation of plant protection personnel, will have such a question: Why is the red-eyed bee such an "ancient" thing that has been used by the current nong still talk about? This is mainly because Inong watched a video, the video last year in a certain place corn borer outbreak period, the relevant departments to the farmer friends for free distribution of red-eyed bee cards for the control of insect pests, farmers friends but abandoned it, still using chemicals for prevention and control. Inong did not understand, so he asked a few large corn growers he knew, and got two replies, one said that "the relevant departments will also distribute it free of charge every year during the pest period, but they do not use it, because the insect control effect is very poor, mainly with drugs", and the other is that they do not know what the red-eyed bee is. Inon thought that this should not be ah, and consulted the personnel of the relevant departments of agriculture, only to know that it is a universal problem, due to the wrong use of methods and dependence on pesticides, resulting in poor actual use of the effect, so even if it is free of charge, but the insect control promotion of red-eyed bees in some areas has not been recognized enough. As an agricultural person, Inon's tendency to biological control agriculture is very strong, so I feel the need to talk about the red-eyed bee in detail, so that farmers and friends have a clearer understanding of it and make better use of it. Of course, it is still Inon's consistent style, and will never "advocate" the red-eyed bee, its advantages and disadvantages we will talk about today.
Before talking about the advantages and disadvantages, Inon first tell you about the current farmer friends can directly use the red-eyed bee is what a state, at present we put into the field to contain the eggs of the un hatched red-eyed bee intermediate host (borer eggs, tulip silkworm eggs, pine caterpillar eggs, etc.), "commercialized" red-eyed bees mainly have four kinds, one is the red-eyed bee card (paper or plastic pieces stick to the eggs of the middle host, suitable for farmers to hang insects in the field, can be used for pest control of grain, sugarcane, cotton, vegetables and fruits, trees and other crops) The second is the red-eyed bee bee bag (waterproof paper bag, which contains the middle host egg, which needs to be opened when used, suitable for farmers to hang insects in the field); the third is the red-eyed bee ball (plastic round ball, containing the middle host egg, the hemisphere with a small hole to facilitate the red-eyed bee to fly out after hatching, mainly used in paddy fields); the fourth is the middle host egg suspension liquid of the red-eyed bee (mainly used for drone flight defense). There is no good or bad distinction between these four, but only a matter of method and applicability. I will look at the advantages and disadvantages of red eye in pest control from the following points.
First, from the perspective of insect control mechanism
Advantages: The red-eyed bee hatched from the intermediate host egg will look for vermin eggs in the field and lay its own eggs in the pest eggs, and the red-eyed bee eggs will hatch in the pest eggs and absorb the nutrients to develop into adult insects, so that the vermin eggs cannot hatch, thereby reducing the pest base. The red-eyed bee also has the following characteristics when selecting eggs for parasitism : 1 ) It is more sensitive to new eggs of pests and does not like to parasitize the pest eggs that will be hatched, that is to say, the pests will parasitize ovulating and do not give them the opportunity to hatch; (2) once the pest eggs have red-eyed bee eggs, other red-eyed bees will choose other pest eggs for parasitism, which means that they will not repeat and will not cause waste; (3) the new red-eyed bees hatched after parasitization can continue to parasitize the pests; (4) the red-eyed bees will not cause harm to humans, animals, crops and the environment when they control pests.
Disadvantages: We refer to the red-eyed bee is a taxon, which has many varieties, the same kind of red-eyed wasp can only have high efficiency parasitism of certain species or certain types of pests, such as corn borer red-eyed bee, pine caterpillar red-eyed bee control corn borer infestation when the prevention effect can reach more than 70%, the prevention effect of other pests is lower. And the red-eyed bee is a living creature after all, and its effectiveness is also affected by various factors such as the activity of the red-eyed wasp in the intermediate host egg, the external environment, the use time and method. Therefore, when using it to control pests, it is not as widespread and applicable as chemical agents.
Second, from the economic point of view
Advantages: After years of research and development, China's artificial breeding of red-eyed bees has been quite mature, and the cost is low, such as the prevention and control of corn borers, an acre is only a few dollars of input, the rational use of insect control effect is better, there is a higher input-output ratio. In addition, as Mentioned by Yi Nong Wenchu, at present, most of the red-eyed bees are distributed free of charge by the relevant departments of agriculture, and there is no need for farmers to increase production costs, and even some relevant departments in some areas directly spray with drones, and farmers and friends do not even have to bother with specific operations.
Disadvantages: The premise of the economic embodiment of the red-eyed bee is reasonable use, this shortcoming is not easy to use the summary text description, we make an analogy, if the red-eyed bee is released, the farmer friend feels that it is not effective, play the pesticide to try it, that after using the pesticide, the red-eyed bee is more dead than the pest, which can no longer talk about its good economy (about the scientific and efficient use of the red-eyed bee, we will talk about it later).
Third, from the perspective of the cycle of action and the use time
Advantages: If the red-eyed wasp is in good use, because the red-eyed wasp is widely distributed in nature, there will be a virtuous cycle in the field, that is to say, the parasite may continue forever, and the red-eyed wasp can parasitize in the vermin eggs for the winter, and continue the next parasitic cycle after the temperature is met.
Disadvantages: The advantage of inonon is that it is suitable for all kinds of situations, but this is too difficult, the actual planting and production of the use of red-eyed bees in time must be in the spawning period of the pest, this is because the hatched red-eyed bees have a short lifespan, up to one week in the case of suitable environment, and shorter in high and low temperature conditions. And in the suitable environment parasitism and the middle host egg in the red-eyed bee will also quickly develop into adult insects, if not used in time, adult insects can not continue to parasitize will die, which is why the red-eyed bee control of agricultural and forestry pests is mainly issued by relevant departments and rarely sold.
After talking about the advantages and disadvantages of the red-eyed bee, I believe that most of the farmers who are reluctant to use the red-eyed bee to control agricultural pests will find that as long as we use it scientifically, it can better play its insect control effect, and then Inong will summarize several scientific and efficient use of red-eyed bees to control pests for your reference.
First, strictly control the use of time
Regarding the use time of the red-eyed bee, it is the top priority to reflect its insect control effect, and the release time must coincide with the spawning period of the pests being controlled, which requires farmers to conduct field inspections in time to determine the development of insect pests. Of course, this may be a little inaccurate for farmers and friends, but this does not have to worry, the relevant departments will inform the specific use time when issuing, and strict compliance with it is possible. In addition, do not think about saving for the next year or buying a spare in advance, the red-eyed bee will hatch at room temperature, it will fail in a short time, even if it is stored at low temperature, its activity will be greatly reduced.
Second, it is used in combination with climatic conditions
When the external environmental temperature is lower than 10 °C, the red-eyed bee in the middle host egg will stop developing, and when the climate temperature is higher than 35 °C, the hatched adult bee will survive for several hours, and may not be able to parasitize and ovulate before it dies. Therefore, for the temperature, it can be used between 17 ° C and 30 ° C to give full play to its insect control effect. In addition, in the event of rainy weather, the insect control effect will be greatly reduced, and it is not easy to release on rainy days. In addition, care should also be taken to avoid light, such as placing the bee card under the blade.
Third, the number of bees released is determined according to the density of insect pests
When using the red-eyed bee to control pests, we must pay attention to the density of insect pests, reasonable use, in general, a red-eyed bee card can hatch 3000-5000 red-eyed bees, we take the control of corn pests for example, in the case of insect pests are not serious, mu with 4-5 can be, but must be evenly distributed, this is because most of the red-eyed bees have an activity range of only 10-15 meters. When the pest base is large, the dosage can be appropriately increased, or the bee card can be placed again every 5-7 days.
Fourth, "treating insects with insects" should not be used again
Red-eyed bees are very sensitive to chemical insecticides, and their tolerance to some sterilization agents is not good, so when using red-eyed bees to control pests, we must avoid the use of chemical pesticides again to prevent, in general, 3-5 days before use can not spray pesticides, it is best not to use drugs for 20 days after use.
The red-eyed bee control of agricultural and forestry pests does have many "shortcomings", but we can find that most of the "shortcomings" are caused by our improper use, as for the shortcomings that are essential, Inon only wants to say that there are perfect things in this world, not to mention that these "shortcomings" will be less and less under the research and breeding of agricultural researchers. And let's see how much negative impact our current use of chemical pesticides, the mainstream pest control measures, has brought. The resistance of pests is getting stronger day by day, and farmers and friends are constantly increasing the dosage of drugs or switching to new drugs, which directly leads to the increase in agricultural production costs, the frequent occurrence of agricultural product safety issues, and the intensification of environmental pollution, so it is a vicious circle, when the day when the medicine is available, everyone thinks about how terrible that day is.
Of course, Inon is by no means saying that the use of red-eyed bees to control agricultural and forestry pests alone is all right, which is obviously impossible, we need to take more methods and measures in the face of insect pests, rather than believing in one of them, in a nutshell, the red-eyed bee is not a perfect angel, and chemical pesticides are not complete demons. All in all, the sustainable development of agriculture is our common pursuit, obviously the excellent characteristics of the red-eyed bee when controlling pests allow it to promote benign development, more to farmers and friends scientific use, researchers to step up their efforts, it has the future of agriculture.
Detailed, welcome to discuss!