Guangxi uses red-eyed bees to control sugarcane borers

Editor's note: A few days ago, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Innovating Institutional Mechanisms to Promote the Green Development of Agriculture", which clearly proposed to build a breeding base for biological natural enemies, expand the pilot scale of biological substitution control technologies, and usher in new opportunities for the development of biological prevention and control of natural enemies.

In recent years, Guangxi has carried out large-scale breeding of borer borers and the technology of releasing bees to control borers in view of the complex occurrence of sugarcane borers, the overlap of borer generations, and the difficulty of increasing drug resistance and prevention, resulting in the production of high pesticide dosages. In the more than 50,000-mu demonstration garden of Guangxi Nongken State-owned Jinguang Farm, the sugarcane field has completely realized "no medicine and no fight".

Liang Huanhuan, an intern of Miao Yi, a reporter of this newspaper

"My family has been planting sugarcane for more than 20 years, and the borers are present every year, especially in recent years, and the effect of spraying pesticides is not obvious, and the output will still be greatly reduced." One, two, three... You see how this sugar cane grows normally. "It is the season of sugarcane harvesting, and the harm caused by sugarcane borers has made Liang Wenda, a cane farmer in Tanbai Village, Wuxu Town, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, miserable.

Every spring, sugarcane has just grown seedlings, and in the southwest of China, more than 20 million Guangxi cane farmers have begun a protracted war against a stubborn pest, the sugarcane borer. Because these pests live in the stems of sugar cane, they lose sugar and moth the income of farmers.

Spraying pesticides to protect plants comes at a heavy price. It not only harms humans, pollutes soil and water, but also causes great harm to other animals and insects. In the war against borers by spraying pesticides, hard-working cane farmers have lost time and again.

explore

In order to implement the national agricultural green development strategy and accelerate the transformation of crop disease and pest prevention and control methods, under the promotion of the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Natural Enemy Insect Science and Technology Innovation Alliance was established.

Let the bees cure the borer, and the plant protection is getting greener and greener

"Sugarcane seedlings are damaged to form dry heart seedlings, and the growth cane is damaged by insect moth nodes, which are often broken at the insect mouth in case of strong winds, and the insect wound part is easy to cause the invasion of red rot bacteria." It can be said that sugarcane borers are the 'old enemies' of sugarcane. The relevant person in charge of the Guangxi Department of Agriculture Plant Protection Station introduced, "And the sugarcane borer also has a natural 'old enemy' - the red-eyed bee, which is a parasitic insect, which is highly skilled and can kill borers." ”

It is understood that China is one of the countries in the world with the largest application area and the most significant control results for natural enemy insects such as red-eyed bees, aphid cocoon bees, and aphid wasps. Compared with all countries in the world, China's natural enemy insect science and technology is shifting from tracking in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to most of the technologies and running, and a small number of technologies are leading the new stage, and are in an important period from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leaps, from point breakthroughs to system capabilities improvement. However, the data shows that there are only more than 20 kinds of natural enemies in China that have achieved industrialization, only a dozen enterprises that commercialize the production of natural enemies, and the proportion of natural enemy products used in facility crops is less than 10%.

In order to significantly accelerate the pace of research and development, expansion and application of natural enemies, and form a one-stop mechanism for the "production, study and research" of natural enemy insects, the National Natural Enemy Insect Science and Technology Innovation Alliance was established in August last year, shouldering the heavy responsibility of single technical and scientific and technological support for the green prevention and control of agricultural pests in China, providing scientific and technological support for the industrialization of natural enemy insects, building an annual production mode and technical system for the diversity of natural enemy insects, and forming an enterprise group with close cooperation, benefit sharing and risk sharing, and gradually merging with the market mechanism.

"These red-eyed bees are all collected locally in Guangxi, and the species itself is safe first." Zheng Li, chairman of the alliance, told reporters, "Secondly, the number of years of use is more, and there will be more and more red-eyed bees in nature in the future, which is conducive to population growth." ”

"At first, it was also very difficult to persuade cane farmers to use red-eyed bees." Today, Zheng Li is pleased that "from 2011 to 2017, Guangxi has implemented bee control in about 3 million mu of sugarcane land, compared with conventional control areas, sugarcane yield increased by 29%, and sugar can be increased by 78.7 kg per mu." ”

mode

In nature, the number of natural enemies in a certain area may be in a situation of "enemies and enemies", so it is necessary to carry out factory breeding and then manual delivery.

Batch delivery, full service to the field

"In nature, the number of natural enemies in a certain area may be in a situation of 'enemies and enemies', so we need to carry out factory breeding and then manual delivery." At the natural enemy expansion base of Guangxi Nanning Heyi Biological Control Technology Co., Ltd., General Manager Song Yilin pointed to the automated feeding (collection) of rice moths and rice moth eggs production line and told reporters, "The red-eyed bee is the most advantageous natural enemy of sugarcane, and its host rice moth is difficult to collect and raise." Our innovative rice moth egg factory production technology has broken this bottleneck, with the average multiplier of rice moth spreading is greater than 100 times, and the daily harvest of rice moth eggs is up to 32,000 ml. ”

"One after another female red-eyed bees parasitize their eggs in rice moth eggs through their tails, and each female red-eyed bee can parasitize up to 10 moth eggs per day. The parasitic eggs gradually turn black, and in this way, millions of small red-eyed bees grow in the black moth eggs, and then these eggs are placed in the bee card. The 3-centimeter square card held by the technical director of Heyi Company is a bee card," This bee card worth 3.3 yuan per piece includes the whole process of technical services, which is safe and easy to use. Each card has about 1,000 red-eyed bees, and each growing season, 5 times per acre, 5 at a time is enough. ”

"Put one on the outerest side, and then put another one every 20 steps, and 100 acres is 10,000 steps." Wei Dongliang, a cane farmer in Zhongfeng Village, Fusui County, Guangxi Province, sighed while demonstrating, "In the past, a strong laborer who used to fight medicine and prevent insects could prevent up to 10 acres a day, but now it is not a problem for a person to prevent 150 acres a day." ”

"We have been carrying out the pilot project of natural enemies to control insects for 5 years, and now more than 50,000 mu of sugarcane fields have not been beaten." Liang Jiayue, deputy director of the Production and Operation Department of Guangxi Nongken State-owned Jinguang Farm, introduced that because it is a technology integration, the plant protection station conducts insect forecasting and prediction, and the company sends the bee card to the field on the same day and provides technical services. "We signed a cooperation agreement, at least 6 times a year, 80 yuan per acre."

prospect

The use of natural enemies to control pests reduces dependence on pesticides, is a work that benefits the country and the people, and the ecological and social benefits produced far outweigh the economic value.

Develop resources, natural enemies insects to achieve industrialization

In the warm sunlight, the red-eyed bee crawled out of the bee card and began to move. The black egg shows that it has quietly succeeded in completing the task...

Today, when green has become the main theme of agricultural development, China has made great success in the use of red-eyed bees to control corn borers and cane borers, lime aphid wasps to control greenhouse whiteflies, and predatory mites to control citrus red spiders.

"According to the calculation of more than 10 million mu of sugarcane fields in Guangxi, the use of chemical pesticides with an active ingredient content of 5 million kilograms can be reduced." Song Yilin introduced, "Therefore, the use of red-eyed bees is conducive to the economy and the environment, and it is also a safe choice for people to use." ”

"The use of natural enemies to control pests is a task that benefits the country and the people." However, Zheng Li is worried that "at present, due to public perceptions, technical bottlenecks, policy support and other factors, the large-scale promotion of natural enemy insects is slow, and the application area is less than 1%." ”

Fortunately, since the establishment of the alliance more than a year ago, the member units have collected more than 120 natural enemy insects and more than 2,000 preying mite resources; improved the breeding process of natural enemies such as ladybirds, grass worms, flyflies, and aphid cocoon bees; optimized the factory breeding technology of lime wasps; screened out the breeding methods of East Asian small flower bugs and ladybirds, designed and improved the breeding and collection equipment of East Asian small flower bugs; carried out the research and development of high-efficiency annual breeding technology and equipment for predatory mites and multi-target control pests of predatory mites. It has realized the factory breeding of Chilean small plant mite, California blunt mite, Meng's blunt mite, etc. The production capacity of natural enemies has been greatly improved, with an annual production capacity of 800 billion predatory mites, an annual production of 300 billion red-eyed bees, an annual production of 10 million wasps, an annual production of 5 million ladybirds, and an annual production of 500,000 heads of East Asian small flower bugs.