During the Republic of China period, no matter how the warlords fought, the northwest was always firmly in the hands of Ma Jiajun, so the military and political circles formed a consensus, that is, the northwest surname Ma. Because they are all surnamed "Ma" and are from Hezhou, many people think that all the Ma family armies are family, but in fact, they have many internal factions and do not have the unity they imagined, such as Ma Hongkui, the king of Ningxia, who looks down on Ma Bufang, the king of Qinghai.
After the victory of the War of Resistance, Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang competed for the position of military and political governor of the Northwest, and the secret struggle between Ning Ma and the Ganma family for generations was also provoked on the surface, especially after Ma Hongkui often emphasized that he was loyal, and Ma Bufang was not the same person.
The origins of Ma Jiajun can be traced back to Zuo Zongtang's Shaanxi-Gansu rebellion during the Tongzhi period. Under the influence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, a large-scale rebellion also broke out in the northwest. Zuo Zongtang revised the Qing government's previous ethnic policy and adopted the strategy of "dividing and disintegrating, and using Mu Zhimu", that is, recruiting military leaders in the rebel army and using them to suppress religious forces.
The leader of the Hezhou rebels, Ma Zhan'ao, did not have deep religious roots, but his military ability was outstanding, so he was selected by Zuo Zongtang as the agent of the imperial court in the northwest, so Ma Zhan'ao was also known as the ancestor of the Ma family army. Ma Bufang's grandfather Ma Haiyan was Ma Zhan'ao's confidant, and his father Ma Qi also followed Ma Zhan'ao's father and son for many years, and the two families had a great relationship.
Ma Hongkui's grandfather Ma Qianling was a wealthy landlord in Hezhou, and was said to be Ma Zhan'ao's adviser, who was given the post of "Lan Ling Dusi" after the war because he urged Ma Zhan'ao to surrender to the Qing army. Many scholars speculate that Ma Qianling may have been wrapped up in the rebel army and did not have the will to oppose the Qing, and taking the initiative to break away from the Ma family army after the war is the best proof.
After the rebellion in Gansu was put down, zuo Zongtang's important measure to rehabilitate the aftermath was to persuade the students to revitalize the religion, and he also specially won additional places for Gansu. As a secular landlord, Ma Qianling chose the path of the imperial examination for his sons, and the second son Ma Fulu and the fourth son Ma Fuxiang were both from the martial arts.
Ma Fulu
"Guangxu First Year ZhongwuJu, Six Zhongwu Jinshi, Grant Guard Garrison, Lead the Jingshi Shenji Battalion, And Return from His Father's Illness"
。 After returning to his hometown, Ma Fulu originally wanted to seek a position under Ma Zhan'ao's son Ma Anliang, but was rejected and could only run a timber business with Ma Qianling at home.
In the twenty-first year of Guangxu, there was another rebellion in the Hehuang area, and the Viceroy of Guyuan, Lei Zheng, ordered Ma Fulu to organize regimental training at home to assist the officials and troops in suppressing the work. After the rebellion was put down, Ma Fulu was given the rank of commander-in-chief, and the unit was organized as the "Anning Army", and went to Gyeonggi with Dong Fuxiang, and the Ningma family rose from then on.
When the Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, Ma Fulu fought a bloody battle with the British army at Zhengyang Gate, and when he led the death squad to attack the enemy, he was unfortunately shot and killed, and the remains were led by his brother Ma Fuxiang. When Empress Dowager Cixi fled west, Dong Fuxiang was the chancellor and Ma Fuxiang was the imperial bodyguard. After the Qing court negotiated peace with the foreigners, Ma Fuxiang rewarded the viceroy with a name for his meritorious escort.
During the Xinhai Revolution, Ma Fuxiang took the opportunity to expand his army, but was suppressed by Ma Anliang, the son of Ma Zhan'ao. Ma Anliang inherited the mantle of his father Ma Zhan'ao, took advantage of the qing court's control of the decline of the northwest, and developed step by step, eventually becoming a well-known "Northwest Tianzi" in the early years of the Republic of China.
Although Ma Anliang was the leader of the brothers Ma Fulu and Ma Fuxiang, he obviously wanted to guard against this non-concubine force. In the early years of the Republic of China, Ma Fuxiang was originally appointed as the commander-in-chief of Xining Town, but under the operation of Ma Anliang, he was replaced by Ma Bufang's father Ma Qi.
Ma Fuxiang was reappointed as the commander-in-chief of Ningxia Town, and the power of the Ma Family Army in Ningxia began, and under the painstaking management of Ma Fuxiang and Ma Hongkui's father and son, it reached its peak at the victory of the War of Resistance. Ma Qize, who served as the commander-in-chief of Xining Town, and his son Ma Bufang developed the Qinghai Ma Family Army.
Compared with the Ma Bufang family's "anti-Qing - qing" zhao'an route, the Ma Hongkui family is on the right path, in the feudal society that pays attention to birth, Ma Hongkui can be described as a root and a miaohong, naturally looking down on Ma Bufang, coupled with the fact that in the middle and late period of the Republic of China, qingma in all aspects of development have suppressed the horse, Ma Hongkui is even more to find a sense of superiority in the body.