On November 8, 1950, the US military dispatched more than 80 aircraft, hundreds of cannons together to the Feihu Mountain, the 335th Regiment of the 112th Division of the 38th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, which carried out defensive operations on the Feihu Mountain, had been holding out for 5 days and nights.
beauty
8th Army and 7th Division of the South Korean Army
Knowing that the Chinese soldiers had no ammunition, they began to take a wheel war, and after a hand-to-hand fight with the volunteer soldiers, they immediately retreated 20 meters to rest, and then pounced on the position again.
Even so, the Flying Tiger Mountain position changed hands repeatedly in the battle between the two sides, and the melee continued from sunrise to sunset.
At this time, the 112th Division was the commander
Yang Dayi suddenly personally hit it
When the phone call came, he ordered Fan Tianen, the commander of the 335th Regiment, to go to the division headquarters for a meeting, and Fan Tianen shouted loudly, saying that he could not leave here, and if he left, he would shake the hearts of the army. The division commander ordered, "You must come in person!" I am responsible for all the consequences! "
Originally, the Volunteer Army Command issued an order to the 112th Division, asking the 335th Regiment, which was holding on to Flying Tiger Mountain, to immediately retreat 30 kilometers.
Fan Tian'en was furious when he heard it: "Retreat? Desperately trying not to let the enemy take a step forward and then fall into a retreat? Isn't it the Yalu River? I can't do the soldier's job! "
Yang Dayi
The division commander was also angry and shouted, "Fan Bold, this is the order!" Must be executed immediately! "
Since November 4, the 335th Regiment has been blocking the attack at Feihu Mountain for five days and nights, blocking a crazy attack by a division of the South Korean army and a US army, annihilating more than 1,800 enemy troops, and paying a huge price. Fan Tian'en couldn't figure it out, he looked unwillingly at the soldiers who were still fighting on the position, and with tears in his eyes, he gave the correspondent the order to retreat.
1. Start with Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, who was scolded.
On October 25, 1950, the first campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea was launched.
In accordance with the arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao, Chinese the combat plan of the People's Volunteer Army, with the main force of one army, cooperated with the Korean People's Army to fight on the eastern front, and waited for the opportunity to raid the "United Nations Army" on the western front with the strength of 5 armies.
whereas
The 38th Army was tasked with attacking Xichuan, except for the 114th Division as a reserve
The 113th Division was responsible for the main attack, and the 112th Division was responsible for interspersing east of xichuan, annihilating the pseudo-8th division of xichuan, and then reaching the Cheongcheon River, cutting off the enemy's rear road, and finally realizing the strategy of wrapping dumplings, and achieving the purpose of completely annihilating the invading enemy's pseudo-1st Division, pseudo-7th Division, British 27th Brigade, US 24th Division, and the 1st Division of the US Cavalry Division, as well as the remnants of the pseudo-6th Division and the pseudo-8th Division.
Unfortunately, the enemy collapsed in one blow and fled too quickly, coupled with Liang Xingchu's 38th Army's slow action, entangled with the enemy's scattered troops on the assault road, although it also annihilated more than 1,000 enemies, but delayed the march. Moreover, when the vanguard troops arrived at Heecheon, they mistakenly believed that the pseudo-8th Division of Heecheon's South Korea was a black regiment of the US Army, and did not launch an attack in time, and when the mistake was discovered, the enemy had already run away, let the enemy run away, and did not reach the designated position on time to cut off the enemy's retreat to the Cheongcheon River, a series of mistakes, and finally caused Peng Dehuai's envisaged plan to wrap the enemy's dumplings was not fully realized, and most of the enemy's troops fled to the south of the Cheongcheon River.
This result disappointed Peng Dehuai greatly, the V-shaped opening was not closed, Peng Dehuai could not forgive such a mistake, he angrily pointed at xie fang, chief of staff of the volunteer army, and scolded Liang Xingchu, where the enemy was empty, why was it slowly soaring? Why is it so slow? Why, as the commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army, I have the right to punish those who violate military orders! I don't have any other skills, but I still have the ability to cut horses.
Regarding this matter, at a later operational meeting, Peng Dehuai directly denounced Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, as ""
Rats will
He said bitterly to Deng Hua:
I have been fighting all my life, I have no high skills, I only know how to command thousands of troops and horses to fight, but this is not a child's play, I must carefully plan and make careful arrangements. The more the commander uses one more effort, the less blood the soldier will shed, and the more the soldier's life cannot be used as a senseless risk. Remember that any parent, when it comes to knowing that their child has sacrificed, the pain and sorrow is unbearable.
”
In the face of the disappearance of the fighters, the enemy's main force had all withdrawn to the south of the Qingchuan River, and occupied favorable positions along the river, and our army was continuously tired of fighting and could no longer fight, General Manager Peng had to order the end of the first battle and the whole army to quickly retreat.
However, the enemy had already completed the assembly on the Qingchuan River, and it was possible to continue to attack the north at any time, in order not to let the speed of the "United Nations Army" advance north too quickly to affect the movement of the volunteer troops and threaten the side of the volunteer army, Mr. Peng ordered Deng Hua: "Flying Tiger Mountain is the only way for the enemy to commit crimes in the north, immediately tell Liang Daya, order the 112th Division to seize Flying Tiger Mountain, this is to give the 38th Army the last chance, can not hold the Flying Tiger Mountain, let him carry his head to see." ”
2. Fan Tian'en marched to occupy Flying Tiger Mountain.
In fact, by the time Shiji's order was given, the 335th Regiment of the 112th Division had already arrived at Flying Tiger Mountain.
Originally, in order to save the war situation, Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, immediately ordered the whole army to go south in two ways, one way the 113th Division first hit Xinxing Cave, then attacked the stadium, approached the courtyard and the military corner, and the 112th Division took Su Mindong, captured Feihu Mountain, directly threatened the army corner, in an attempt to continue to achieve the goal of blocking the pocket, and ordered fan Daen of the 335th Regiment as the vanguard to rush into Feihu Mountain in light armor to prevent the enemy from escaping.
Flying Tiger Mountain is a famous strategic place, the elevation is only 622.1 meters, the terrain is dangerous, is the only way to the military corner and the price of the river, whether the "United Nations Army" troops want to go north, or retreat, must pass through here, moreover, the military corner is also the supply station of the United Nations army to the north, if the Chinese army occupies the huge transportation hub of Feihu Mountain, then the retreating United Nations army's rear road will be cut off, as if strangling the throat of the US army, he is not desperate to blame.
At dawn on November 4, when the sky was light and The Flying Tiger Mountain was shrouded in a hazy rain and fog, the 2nd Battalion of the 335th Regiment, led by battalion commander Chen Dejun, lightly charged into the 2-kilometer-wide open field leading to the main peak of the Flying Tiger Mountain, where it was the 1 regiment of the South Korean pseudo-7th Division and 1 artillery battalion of the US 2nd Division supporting the South Korean army, and the artillery battalion began to shell fiercely almost at the same time as the Chinese soldiers attacked.
Even so, the 2nd Battalion of the 335th Regiment braved the fierce enemy fire and relied on the thick fog to skillfully and fiercely attack the enemy. An instructor named Li Yuchun of the 2nd Battalion of the 335th Regiment led the 5th Company to the main position of Feihu Mountain, and in the vicinity of the main peak, the two sides began a white-knife battle, and the gasps, curses and groans of flesh fighting were heard everywhere in the cold thick fog.
Fan Tian'en led the 335th Regiment to take Feihu Mountain by means of thick fog and annihilate more than a thousand defenders of the enemy's South Korean 7th Division, but he did not have an easy time, he understood that the more important thing to lay down On Hu Mountain was to prevent the enemy from counterattacking.
He quickly made arrangements, with the 2nd Battalion holding its position, the 1st Battalion and the 3rd Battalion cooperating with the main force of the Volunteer Army to launch an attack on Junyuli, the 4th Company and the 5th Company of the 2nd Battalion holding the peak of Feihu Mountain --- 622.8 heights, and the 3rd Platoon of the 5th Company laying down positions of several 10 meters under the peak of Feihu Mountain.
At this time, Lieutenant General Walton Harris Walker, commander of the US 8th Army who learned of the loss of Flying Tiger Mountain, immediately ordered the South Korean 6th, 7th, and 8th Divisions and the US 24th Division to quickly assemble and quickly retake the positions of Flying Tiger Mountain and The Tokugawa Front. Otherwise, if the north-south connection channel is interrupted and its rear is threatened, the 8th Army is in danger of finishing the game. At 15:00 p.m., the US military dispatched dozens of aircraft to bomb, plus the artillery bombardment of 60 mountain artillery, covering the howling 7th Division of the South Korean Army and the US army unit, frantically counterattacking toward Feihu Mountain, when the enemy was about 30 meters away from the position, the machine gun shooter Liu Yutian raised his machine gun, "DaDa Da Da..." A row of bullets swept past, the rifle group followed by a row of grenades, more than a dozen corpses left in front of the position of the 3 rows, and the enemy rolling down the mountain was already frightened and urine flowed. After many repeated battles, until the end of the battle in the evening, the enemy attack made no progress, and each attack was stubbornly blocked by the 335th Regiment led by Fan Tianen, and had to retreat down the hill again and again.
At this time, Fan Tianen did not know that the situation on the battlefield had changed.
3. Blood Battle Flying Tiger Mountain.
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" has clouds: soldiers, devious ways also. The so-called "impermanence of soldiers, impermanence of water", Chinese generals who have experienced countless bloody rains and baptisms of war, can more deeply understand and apply this idea. Although the first campaign did not fully achieve the strategic goal of completely annihilating the enemy, the arrogant commander of the "United Nations Army, Douglas MacArthur," did not fully understand the true strength of the Chinese Volunteer Army in attacking Korea.
Therefore, the order given by the headquarters of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army to Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, was that the 335th Regiment should hold on to Feihu Mountain, cover the safety of all armies and hide in the deep mountains and dense forests, and buy time for the volunteer army to regroup.
When the time comes, put the enemy in and close the door to fight the dog
。
Fan Tianen, a native of Tai'an, a typical Shandong Han, was born in 1922, joined the Eighth Route Army during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, became a soldier of the fourth detachment in Shandong, later served as a company instructor and political commissar of the teaching team, served as the battalion commander of the 1st Column Guard Battalion during the Liberation War, and was the chief of the education section, participated in the Battle of Sanxia Jiangnan in the Northeast Battlefield, the Summer and Autumn Winter Offensive, the Siping Defense War, as well as the Liaoshen Campaign, the Pingjin Campaign, the Battle of Crossing the River, and the Battle of Guangxi.
Liang Xingchu himself was also very clear in his heart, because he had missed the fighter, even if it was
Fan Tian'en was bold, and the battle was fierce, but
The 335th Regiment needed to rely on the strength of a regiment without any support, and face the indiscriminate bombardment of American aircraft artillery, which was difficult to imagine. More crucially, the 335th Regiment threw away a lot of heavy equipment in the process of rushing to march, and now it can only rely on light weapons to hold Flying Tiger Mountain. But there's no way, it is
The last chance of the 38th Army was also the key to the victory of the entire campaign.
Liang Xingchu's order to Fan Tian'en was that the whole regiment should retreat and hold on to Flying Tiger Mountain.
Fan Bold did not know this, and received the retreat of the whole regiment of Yang Dayi's division
die
After guarding the order of flying tiger mountain, he kind of wanted to scold the mother's feeling, he was an offensive force, in order to compete for time to march, he lost everything on his body, except for a gun and some grenades, even the small shovel for digging trenches was lost, and now he had to defend in the face of the enemy's attack of several times, or even a hundred times, strength.
Fan Tian'en almost did not have time to scold the mother, and immediately organized the soldiers of the battalions to quickly dig the trenches, without shovels, with bayonets, with their hands, but also to dig out the trenches as soon as possible, he knew that time did not allow him to think more.
Fortifications are the guarantor of victory, saving themselves and killing and wounding the enemy. In order to quickly build temporary fortifications, the soldiers desperately used their hands to pick up the soil and pry the stones with bayonets, and one pair of hands was scarred, and the blood and mud were mixed together, and when The cultural instructor Dai Dubo, who had no combat experience, braved the enemy's blockade artillery fire and went down the hill to pick up the small shovels that many soldiers had left behind and send them to the position, the soldiers of the 335th Regiment could not stop crying when they saw the small shovels handed by Dai Dubo.
Fan Tianen film image
On November 5, the sky had just brightened, and 18 enemy bombers flew over and frantically dropped bombs on the forward position of the 335th Regiment, and then the enemy infantry began to charge, the volunteer soldiers waited in the fortifications, and when the enemy approached the position, machine guns and grenades poured out at the same time. On this day, ma Zengkui, the leader of the three platoons, braved the rain of guns and artillery, and led three platoons to repel seven enemy attacks, and the three platoons also suffered more than half of the casualties. The warrior Wang Guangying's toes were cut off by shrapnel, but the will to kill the enemy was strong, and he insisted on killing the enemy with wounds.
From November 6 to 7, the "United Nations Army" significantly increased its offensive intensity, and aircraft, artillery, and incendiary bombs rained down on the Feihu Mountain position, and on the 6th alone, more than 2,000 enemy shells were fired. When a staff officer of the 38th Army took a steel helmet and counted the number of enemy shells with soybeans, he could not keep up with the speed of the enemy's launch, and Liang Xingchu, who was nervously watching the Position of Feihu Mountain in the telescope, scolded: Don't count anymore!
On November 6, the enemy and we fought repeatedly 16 times on the positions of the 2nd Battalion and 5th Company of the 335th Regiment, and repeatedly entered a state of hand-to-hand combat.
Li Xingwang, a soldier of the Fifth Company: When he was bandaging his head, three American soldiers hugged him. At this moment, there were only platoon leaders and three soldiers left in the position, and in the confusion, he kicked one American soldier off the cliff, shot and killed another, and then seized the grenade on the American soldier and injured the third American soldier.
Soldier Li Yonggui: In the War of Liberation, he won the title of "Hero of The Lone Hero", when his position was completely annihilated in the sea of fire by the enemy with gasoline, Li Yonggui took the lead in jumping out of the trench to pounce on the enemy, and the sudden appearance of the fire scared the enemy into turning around and rolling down the mountain. Running out of ammunition, he ran back to the company headquarters to get back a dozen grenades and a machine gun. On the second time he asked for ammunition, his left leg was blown off, and he dragged a broken leg up the hill to get a box of machine gun bullets. On the position, he repeatedly said a sentence to his comrades-in-arms: "We have volunteered to come to Korea to fight devils!" "Until the last stream of blood in the leg runs out."
Liu Dexing, the 7th squad leader, shouted: "As long as we have one person alive, the position is ours." After losing an arm, Zhao Caishan, the deputy squad leader of the 7th squad, still dropped bullets with a bloody stump, and a criminal bullet hit Zhao Caishan's chest, and he was honorably sacrificed. At this time, the position had become a sea of fire, and when the 3 platoon commander grabbed 1 grenade and was about to throw it, a row of bombs exploded in front of his eyes, and the shrapnel tore his clothes, and he glared and pounced on the position...
In a small ravine called the Tile Cave, enemy aircraft found a large number of wounded soldiers entering and leaving, immediately dropped incendiary bombs, and constantly used machine guns to strafe the soldiers who ran out, in this air attack, the number of volunteer officers and soldiers was 230, many of them young female soldiers and battalion and regimental officers.
4. Wooden basin on Flying Tiger Mountain.
In fact, in the 335th Regiment of Flying Tiger Mountain, the most uncomfortable thing was not to fight with the enemy, but to eat.
Especially at night, the enemy's attack was temporarily stopped, and the soldiers who had not eaten for several days were really sleepy and tired, and hunger, thirst, and cold came together.
Once, Liang Renjiang, the machine gunner of the Fifth Company, was so hungry that he accidentally found that the stone could be relieved slightly, so he often put a stone in his mouth and nibbled it, and the soldiers looked at him in surprise and said, "The stone can be used as a meal, what do you want the croppers to do?" Liang Renjiang said: "I don't believe you can try, as soon as you salivate, you will be a little hungry." As a result, the sound of gnawing stones sounded everywhere on the Flying Tiger Mountain position.
Later, Fan Tianen ordered Feng Xiaoxian, the head of the democracy movement unit of the 335 Regiment, to go down the mountain to raise grain.
At first, some of the Hidden Korean peasants did not know who Feng Hyo-sin was, and they were frightened by the South Korean agents, told a lot of truth, and could not gain their trust. Later, he found a dormitory at a lead mine where North Korean workers knew that the Chinese army was helping them fight against the U.S. imperialist aggressors. So they took Feng Xiaoxian to the village, and the chairman of a county committee heard that Feng Xiaoxian was fighting the American invaders in the Chinese army, so he took the lead in killing his own cultivated cattle and asked the masses to cook the cow into several large pots of broth. At the same time, other North Korean farmers gathered some rice, cooked under the aerial strafing of US aircraft, and sent people to the Feihu Mountain position.
On the road to the position of the 225th Regiment, each path was tightly sealed by American aircraft, and in the delivery team with crock pots overhead, led the way was a North Korean elderly man in his 60s, wearing a gauze hat with hats and wings that Looked a bit like the one worn by ancient Chinese county officials, and commanding the team with only gestures to braving the chaotic strafing of enemy aircraft and constantly moving forward tenaciously. They were calm and strong, and without saying a word, the people in front of the team fell, and the people behind them silently replaced them, resolutely and non-stop advancing towards The Flying Tiger Mountain.
A woman named Park Hyo-nam was topped with a wooden basin containing rice, and after she was hit in the thigh by an enemy bullet and fell down, she dragged the wooden basin to climb all the way to the position. The volunteer soldiers held these painstakingly sent meals, and they could not eat them with tears in their eyes. At this time, the enemy began to attack again, and the warriors put down the rice and said, "Mother, Lao Tzu will not eat it, beat him for a dog day!" "
The North Korean brothers and sisters who had finished delivering meals also immediately threw themselves into battle, and when they once again repelled the enemy's attack, the casualties on the positions included the Koreans who delivered the meals.
Later, the wooden basin that The North Korean woman Park Hyo-nam delivered rice to was preserved by the volunteer soldiers, and after the end of the Korean War, this wooden basin became a historical relic treasured by the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution, quietly placed there, showing people the friendship between the Chinese and Korean peoples.
November 8 was the most tragic day of the Battle of Feihu Mountain. More than 80 US aircraft and hundreds of artillery pieces poured endlessly into our positions, and the flying tiger mountain was full of rubble and fire, and all the positions on the mountain were engaged in hand-to-hand combat, and shouts and groans reverberated for a long time on the 5-kilometer-long position.
The enemy knew that the volunteers had long been out of ammunition and numbers, so they took turns to assassinate the volunteer soldiers, and after a hand-to-hand fight, they immediately retreated more than 20 meters to sit down and rest, and then pounced on them. In this way, the Flying Tiger Mountain position still changed hands repeatedly in the fierce assassination, and continued until sunset, still in our hands.
At this time, the order of the superior to ask Fan Tianen to retreat came. At this time, the 335th Regiment blocked the attack at Feihu Mountain for five days and nights, resisting an extremely crazy attack by a division of the South Korean army and a part of the US army, without any air defense force and artillery support, the enemy attack of more than 100 people alone fought 57 times, at the cost of 700 casualties, annihilating more than 1800 enemy troops.
5. MacArthur covered his ears and said that the Chinese army was no more than that.
In history, many people have said that MacArthur's military command ability is not good, and in the case of knowing that the Chinese Volunteer Army has sent troops to Korea, it still grins and does not know how to advance or retreat, which eventually leads to the failure of the "United Nations Army".
If we think about it, as one of the few five-star generals in American history, to say that MacArthur can't do it, it really can't be believed, at least not to make the Americans believe, if so, then who promoted him all the way to such a high position?
In fact, MacArthur did not know that the Chinese army had entered the war, nor did he not believe the number of Chinese troops entering the Korean battlefield according to the intelligence, he believed in his own strength!
In his eyes, no army could resist their powerful weapon attack, and all he had to do was find this Chinese army hidden in the jungles of North Korea.
In a message sent to MacArthur by Major General Charles Willoughby, the head of the FAR East Intelligence Service, it was clearly stated that an estimated 450,000 Chinese troops were massing in Manchuria, and that the 9th and 18th divisions had entered North Korea.
MacArthur casually asked Willoughby, "My dear Willoughby, is there a Chinese Communist Air Force?" "
"No, it is said to be being formed, General." Major General Willoughby answered rigorously from the intelligence officers.
"Do they have a navy?" MacArthur continued to ask.
"It's being formed."
"Do their army have tanks?" What about artillery? MacArthur smiled and raised his pipe and lit the tobacco.
"Insignificant."
MacArthur waved his hand, "As long as Chinese dare to go to war, I will let the corpses of Chinese who fight only on rifles fill the field and turn the entire battlefield into a slaughterhouse, and frankly, how much I hope they will participate in the war." "
It can be seen from this that MacArthur wanted a direct duel with the Volunteers, not to avoid contact with the Volunteers, so macArthur wanted to convince U.S. President Harry W. Bush. S. Truman, as well as senior U.S. officials such as U.S. Secretary of State Acheson, Secretary of Defense George Cartlit Marshall, Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Bradley, and of course, Lieutenant General Walker, commander of the U.S. 8th Army, and American soldiers on the Korean battlefield.
So MacArthur was so annoyed but helpless at the escape of the Americans in the first battle that all he said to the media and to President Truman was to dispel their concerns and support his march into the Yalu River.
I think that Peng Dehuai's plan to lure the enemy deeper was actually only aimed at American soldiers, as well as senior U.S. military officers such as Lieutenant General Walker on the Korean battlefield, in order to "cooperate" macArthur to sing the double reed.
Sure enough, the retreat of the 335th Regiment of the 112th Division of the 38th Army made the "United Nations Army" overjoyed, and MacArthur told the media reporter with a smile:
The Chinese army is not an invincible force
, and stressed that the battle should be ended before Christmas and let his children go back to a happy Christmas. Thus was born the "Christmas Offensive".
On that day, all the Western news media trumpeted the "great victory" and "fierce offensive" of the "United Nations Army" at the Battle of Feihu Mountain, "the lack of food and ammunition in the communist army and demoralized," and "the corpses were everywhere and shocking," and also captured the intelligence of the "remnants" of the Chinese army and "fleeing north."
In fact, it was Boss Peng who was worried that Fan Tianen would push the enemy army too hard and scare them.
So, for the better
"Fit"
General MacArthur, Mr. Peng ordered the volunteer army to create a series of defeats, what to throw away armor, what to release prisoners, what can not defeat the US army, hurry back to China, make the US army stunned, really think that the original Chinese army is what MacArthur said."
Not an army that has always been inviolable
”！“ United Nations Army"
5 corps, 13 divisions, 3 brigades, a total of 200,000 people, 1,600 aircraft, 1,200 tanks, under the command of MacArthur,
Along the way, the U.S. army won successive battles, and all they saw along the way were guns and ammunition abandoned by the Chinese army, and they screamed with excitement and rushed forward, even the commander of the US 9th Army
Kurt
They all said triumphantly that the Chinese army was strong, brave and tenacious, and could fight in battle, but in the face of the mighty United States, it was just that.
Even so, however, it was later discovered that Lieutenant General Walton Walker of the 8th Army had taken a cautious approach to the advance and told his soldiers,
As soon as you smell Chinese food, retreat immediately!