preface
"Liu Bang is the most powerful feudal emperor" This is what our great leader Chairman Mao said!
In the feudal society of China for more than two thousand years, it lasted 2132 years from the beginning of the reign of Qin Shi Huang to the abdication of puyi, the last Xuantong Emperor. In the past two thousand years, 83 dynasties have been established in the land of China, a total of 408 emperors have been produced, and among them, there are even fewer that can be familiar to everyone, and today we talk about The Han Gaozu who created the 400-year foundation of the Han Dynasty - Liu Bang.
Character backgrounds
When you talk about a person, you must first talk about his origin. According to the Book of Han and the Chronicle of Emperor Gao, Liu Bang's ancestors originated from the Tao Tang Dynasty, and was the son of Emperor Zhao (帝喾: 音ku四声), surnamed Yi qi (伊祁), and given the name Fangxun. This emperor, surnamed Ji Mingjun, was one of the "Five Emperors" and the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. During the Warring States period, Liu Bang's great-grandfather was given the title of "Duke of Feng" by the State of Wei. However, with the unification of China by Qin, the old Liu family has reached Liu Bang's generation and has become a commoner, but the people are also considered to be rooted in Miao Hong! But all those who really name the Son of Heaven will have a vision, in the feudal society of "divine right of kings", the emperor must be different from ordinary people, and there is no way for the ancients to believe in this. According to the Chronicle of History Volume 10 • Gao Di Benji VIII, "Gao Zu was a man, Long Zhun and Long Yan, beautiful beard, and seventy-two black sons on the left side. "That is to say, he is generous, the face of a true dragon, and the sideburns and beard are very beautiful, and there are seventy-two scabs on the left thigh. When he grew up, he was idle all day, did not like to work in the fields, was often scolded by his father for not being as good as his brother, and was said to have a leg with a widow from the same village... But the fate of man, heaven is predestined, Liu Bang coincidentally passed the local career editing examination, became a Qin official (officials and officials are not the same), and served as the chief of the Surabaya Pavilion. At the same time, he was caught by the outsider Lü Gongxiang and married the eldest daughter Lü Yan to Liu Bang (it is said that the old Lü Tou would meet and see Liu Bang qi Yu Xuan Ang, different). In this way, Liu Bang was over forty years old before he could have a wife.
Main experience
First, amazing words
In the work of Liu Bang's Surabaya Pavilion Chief, there was a content of escorting conscription, because the Qin State at that time was building a large number of civil engineering and needed a lot of manpower, once Liu Bang went to Xianyang, just saw Qin Shi Huang's travels, so he sent out an exclamation that has been passed down to this day: "Oh, the big husband should be like this!" —History of Gaozu Benji. It can be seen from here that Liu Bang is indeed ambitious! This also laid a solid spiritual foundation for his future uprising.
Second, the snake-slaying uprising
It is said that this time Liu Bang took on another job, and wanted to escort the servants of Surabaya County to Lishan To repair the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin. On the road, the servants stole several, which was to be killed at the time, Liu Bang was bitter, this is a whole thing, so he drank some wine, he said, you all go, I also have to run, each running ahead, brothers, these words moved the servants badly, and they said, we are not leaving, we want to follow you. Liu Bang took the wine and cut a path through the swamp at night, letting one go first. The person who walked in front of him came back and reported: "There is a big snake in front of you blocking the way, so go back." Liu Bang listened and said, "Big husband walking, what's so terrible!" So he rushed to the front, drew his sword and went to cut off the big snake, it seems that to do a big thing, you still have to drink some wine to be reliable." The great snake was cut in two, the road opened, and continued to walk for a few miles, and when he was so drunk, he lay down on the ground. (This paragraph is more interesting, it is said that the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty guozuo a total of 400 years, because the white snake is cut off at the waist, just 200 years of the Western Han Dynasty, 200 years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and then, it was replaced by a change of dynasty called Wang Mang)
In the middle of the night, someone heard crying, and everyone came to the place where the snake was cut, and saw an old woman crying in the dark night. So he asked her why she was crying, and the old woman said, "Someone killed my son, and I was crying about him." Then the man asked, "Why was your child killed?" The old woman said, "My son is the son of the White Emperor, who has changed into a snake and is in the middle of the road, and now he has been killed by the son of the Red Emperor, so he weeps." "The people thought the old woman was lying and was about to beat her, but the old woman suddenly disappeared. Everyone took this matter Liu Bang, Liu Bang woke up, Liu Bang was secretly happy in his heart, more conceited. Those who followed him also gradually became afraid of him. The divine right of kings is such a trick. After that, Liu Bang became the king of the mountain at Mount Mangzhong (did not dare to go home, and privately sent a servant to zhulian jiuzu), until Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled against Qin in DazeXiang, and the world gathered to respond, and Xiao He and Cao Shan of Pei County asked Liu Bang's brother-in-law Fan To call Liu Bang back and preside over the overall situation (Xiao He and Cao Gan were both literati and timid). Liu Bang obeyed the will of the people, set up an altar, set up a red banner, and called himself the Red Emperor, and soon the rebel army expanded to 3,000 people.
3. Lian Chu and anti-Qin
After the uprising, Liu Bang's rebels fought several victorious battles around their homes, during which they subdued Zhou Chang, Yongya and others. But it is still a pure peasant uprising, and the pace is difficult, very difficult, and the yong teeth have turned against each other, which can be described as many unhappiness. On the way to Jingju, the first encounter with Zhang Liang, one of the "Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty", the two talked very happily, met and hated each other late, after Zhang Liang was a military teacher, Liu Bang's rebel army gradually improved, after getting xiang Liang's help, first defeated Yongya, then defeated the Qin general Zhang Handan, and then Liu and Xiang Bing divided into two roads to jointly advance against Qin yiju! During this period, because Xiang Liang was defeated by Zhang Handan, and Xiang Liang himself was killed on the battlefield, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were very frightened, turned to attack and defend, and after the situation in the Chu state stabilized, they continued to divide their troops to attack Qin. King Huai of Chu agreed that whoever entered Guanzhong first would be the King of Guanzhong. - "History of Gaozu Benji": "Zhao Shu asked for help, King Huai took Song Yi as the general, Xiang Yu as the second general, Fan Zeng as the last general, and the north to save Zhao." Ling Pei Gong Xi slightly entered the customs and made an appointment with the generals: the first to enter the pass, Wang Zhi! ”
During this period, Liu Bang recruited talents and soldiers, collected scattered pawns, and his strength increased rapidly, defeating the Qin general Wang Li, getting to know Peng Yue, and meeting Zhang Liang again (Zhang Liangben was a Korean descendant, after the first meeting, he returned to Korea to help Han Wang strategize, but never opened the situation). During this period, Liu Bang's strategy was very clever, and if he could fight a battle, he would fight, and if he couldn't fight, he wouldn't get entangled in it, he would run over flexibly, march all the way to the west, and fight for people and love talents, gather a lot of talents, collect a lot of scattered soldiers, and give full trust to the generals, which was very different from Xiang Yu! During the westward advance, Zhang Liang strategized and made many clever suggestions for Liu Bang, all of which were adopted by Liu Bang, and along the way, enwei and shi, without a fight, the soldiers who yielded to others soon reached Hangu Pass, at the same time, Zhao Gao killed Hu Hai, the second qin, and wanted to divide the land of Guanzhong with Liu Bang on an equal footing. Zhang Liang saw through Zhao Gao's plan, and while pretending to persuade the Qin soldiers defending the city to surrender, on the other hand attacked the Qin soldiers at Wuguan, entered Wuguan, and directly took Hanzhong, Ba, Shu and other places, and destroyed the Qin army in Lantian. In October of the first year of the Han Dynasty, the Prince of Qin, on a white horse with a neck tied, presented Liu Bang with a jade seal of the country next to Xuandao (轵道, in present-day Xi'an City, Shaanxi). The Qin Dynasty thus collapsed, a total of 15 years and 47 days.
Fourth, Chu and Han competed for hegemony
After Liu Bang entered Xianyang City, he really regarded himself as the "King of Guanzhong", lingering in the golden and splendid palace, countless beautiful women and gold and silver jewelry. This is really understandable, what is the purpose of birth and death! At this time, it was still Zhang Liang, a strategist with a strategic vision, who suggested that Liu Bang retreat from the army, and Liu Bang also woke up in time, summoned local celebrities, and issued the famous "Three Chapters of the Covenant Law" to reassure the people. It should also be mentioned here that when he first entered Xianyang, Xiao He, the logistics minister, went straight to the Qin Dynasty treasury and received all the literature and materials, which provided convenient conditions for the future operation of Bashu!
On the other hand, Xiang Yu was very annoyed, Xiang Yu fought the most, people were the most dead in the Chu army, I was the front of the Qin army, but you Liu Bang first entered Xianyang to call the King of Hanzhong? The strategist Fan Zeng even suggested that he directly kill Liu Bang, so as to avoid the consequences, and there would be a Hongmen Feast that has been passed down through the ages! The specific details will not be described in detail here, but there are a few points to emphasize: First, Xiang Yu's woman's benevolence, good joy and great achievement, ignorance; second, Liu Bang's composure and calmness, lying down and tasting courage; finally, those who win the hearts of the people win the world, whether it is true or false, they must be the hearts of the people!
After the Feast of Hongmen, Liu Bang was crowned King of Han and led the land of Bashu and Hanzhong, which was not a good place at that time, and there were Zhang Handan, Sima Xin and others around to restrain him. Liu Bang was furious, but he also had no choice, after all, Xiang Yu had 400,000 elite soldiers in hand, while he only had 100,000, and under the persuasion of everyone, he led the troops into the land of Bashu and painstakingly managed. During this time, another fierce man appeared - Bing Xian Han Xin! Liu Bang is good at this, knowing people and good appointments, worshiping Han Xin as a great general, Ming Xiu Zhan Dao, secretly Chen Cang, and also fixed the Three Qins to settle the rear. Liu Bang led his troops to the east, calling on the princes to avenge Emperor Yi (that is, the King of Chu Huai, who was killed by Xiang Yu after overthrowing the tyrannical Qin) and attacked the Chu army.
During the period of dozens of battles, the Han army lost more than won, and the Battle of Pengcheng was even more defeated by the Chu army, in order to escape, even the wife and children could not take care of it. After rectifying the Jingwu, he and Han Xin divided their troops into two roads, Liu Bang all the way to contain the main force of the Chu army, and Han Xin all the way to conquest the princes. The Chu and Han armies faced each other in the chasm for a long time, and had no choice but to reach a temporary armistice agreement. At this time, it was Zhang Liang who explained the stakes to Liu Bang, and then Liu Bang ordered an all-out attack on Chu and coordinated with Han Xin to surround the Chu army under the siege. Using the "embattled song" to disintegrate the Chu army, Xiang Yu knew that he was powerless to return to heaven, and broke through to Wujiang with 28 horses, because he had no face to face Jiangdong's father and elder, and killed himself. The Chu-Han war eventually ended with a comprehensive victory for the Han army.
5. King's Landing
In 208 BC, everyone jointly wrote a letter asking Liu Bang to be called emperor, and Liu Bang repeatedly resigned (this kind of thing, at least three times, rules), reluctantly agreed, on February 28, 208 BC, dingtao in Shandong province ascended the throne as emperor, and then adopted Lou Jing's suggestion, set the capital Chang'an, and opened the foundation.
Afterword
Liu Bang started from a mixed family, and it was really rare for him to lift a three-foot sword in his cloth body and win the world. Liu Bang himself once said: "On the battle of strategizing, I am not as good as Zhang Liang in the midst of planning, and I am not as good as Zhang Liang in terms of comforting the people and supplying grain and grass; I am not as good as Han Xin in leading millions of troops, fighting a decisive battle on the battlefield, and winning a hundred battles." However, I can make good use of people and use their talents, which is the real reason why we have won. This sentence is still very pertinent. Let's carefully count his advantages, first, courage is outstanding, I think this is the most important, rebellion is not a small thing; second, be charitable and generous, the reason why the brothers praise you as the boss, must have a special personality charm; third, know people to make good use, widely accept advice, just as the appointment of Zhang Liang, Xiao He, Han Xin and others, each performing their own duties, absorbing the strengths of all, this is the leadership ability to control people. Moreover, Liu Bang can listen to unpleasant words and adopt them, this kind of mind, ordinary people can't do it! Fourth, far-sighted thinking, decisive handling, stupid people can not fight the world, and Zhang Liang Hanxin's generation are all controlled by Liu Bang, which shows that Liu Bang's mind and emotional intelligence are high, and the Han Dynasty divided the kings surnamed Liu, I have to say that it is really clever, as for the decisiveness of handling things, it is mainly reflected in being able to fight wisdom and never fight, in order to escape, you can kick children off the car, in order to alleviate external Xiongnu contradictions, you can reconcile, this is decisiveness.
Liu Bang is indeed the most interested one among the feudal emperors!
Reference: "Historiography • Gao Zu Benji"
Book of Han • Gao Di Ji
Zizhi Tongjian • HanJi