In psychology, many students feel very impressed by the behaviorist learning theory. It involves four big coffees, each big coffee corresponds to an experiment, and all put forward different theories, and many students are mixed up on their backs. Now teach everyone a recipe, quickly take out the small book and remember it!
"Sandik's cat, Pavlov's dog, Skinner's mouse, Bandura's doll." What do you mean by that? They refer to experiments by four big names: Thorndike's trial-error theory through the cat cage feeding experiment, Pavlov's classical conditional action theory through the dog feeding experiment, Skinner's operational conditioning theory through the mouse maze experiment of mice, and Bandura's social learning theory through the Bobo doll experiment. Let's take a closer look.
Thorndike's trial and error said. Through the cat opening feeding experiment, Thorndike proposed three basic laws of learning: the preparation law, the practice law, and the effect rate. Among them, the effect rate is the most important, and if you can give students positive feedback, then the learning effect will be better.
Pavlov's classical theory of conditional action. Pavlov classified reflexes by rattle experiments with dog eating: unconditioned reflexes and conditioned reflexes. Conditioned reflection is further divided into first signal system conditioning and second signal system conditioning. In addition, he proposed two basic laws of classical conditioning: 1. Acquisition and regression. 2. Stimulate generalization and differentiation. Generalization is the inability to distinguish between two similar stimuli, such as "once bitten by a snake, ten years afraid of well rope." Stimulation differentiation means that two similar stimuli can be distinguished, for example, Xiaoming can distinguish between "wine" and "sprinkling".
Skinner's operational conditional action. Skinner came up with three concepts through the mouse's maze experiment: reinforcement, punishment, and fading. The focus here is on the first two. What makes the manipulator feel happy is reinforcement, and what makes them unhappy is punishment. Both reinforcement and punishment are positive and negative, giving a stimulus is positive and revoking a stimulus is negative. For example, my mother told Xiaohua: If she can get 100 points this time, then take her out on a trip. This is positive reinforcement. First look at the little flower, going out to play can make her happy, so it is reinforced. And give her this kind of stimulation, so it is positive reinforcement.
Bandura's theory of social learning, also known as observational learning theory. He also categorizes reinforcement, which can be divided into three types: direct reinforcement, alternative reinforcement, and self-reinforcement.