2021 Shandong Teacher Recruitment Educational Psychology: Pavlov's Dog

In the teacher recruitment examination, learning theory is a common test point, especially the relevant knowledge points related to behaviorism, which need to be mastered by everyone, and many students feel that the knowledge points are more difficult and headaches in this regard. Today, Xiaobian will take you to sort out the knowledge points about Pavlov.

1. Biography

Pavlov (26 September 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Soviet physiologist, psychologist, physician, founder of the theory of higher neural activity, and founder of the physiology of higher neural activity. The constructor of the conditioned reflex theory, and one of the most influential figures on the development of psychology outside the traditional field of psychology, has won the Nobel Prize in Physiology.

II. Experimental Explanation of Classical Conditioned Reflex Theory

(1) Experiment: Rattle experiment for dog feeding

As we all know, dogs will salivate when they eat food (food → saliva).

Imagine if everyone rings a bell in front of a dog, and the dog will not salivate?—— will not. (Ringtone → no saliva)

Pavlov had a bunch of dogs in order to do experiments, and he did it in order to get a lot of saliva at the same time. Ring the bell, hear it, and then have his assistant feed the dog, so that Pavlov gets plenty of saliva as he wishes. (Ringtones + food → saliva)

Many times later, Pavlov stumbled upon the fact that dogs were not given food and that saliva could be obtained by only ringing the bell. (Ringtone → saliva)

Why? Pavlov conducted a detailed study. Pavlov believes that at the beginning, dogs will secrete saliva when they eat food, which is a natural reaction and does not need to be learned, which is an unconditioned reflex, and food is an unconditional stimulus. (Food [unconditional stimulation] → saliva [unconditioned reflex])

In the beginning, the ringtone cannot cause saliva, the ringtone is a neutral stimulus. (Ringtone [mild] → no saliva)

Later, the neutral stimulation ringtone and the unconditional stimulation food were repeatedly combined many times, and the final result was that the neutral stimulation ringtone became a conditioned stimulus, which can also cause the dog's saliva secretion, which is the process of conditioned reflex establishment. (Ringtone [conditioned stimulus] → saliva [conditioned reflex]).

"Conditioned reflex" is called "classical conditioning", which is Pavlov's classical conditioned reaction experiment.

(2) Unconditioned reflection and conditioned reflex (first and second signal systems)

In the experiment, Pavlov distinguished between two types of reflexes: unconditioned reflexes & conditioned reflexes. Unconditioned reflexes are unlearned and can be learned, also called instincts, such as people drooling when they eat sour food; Conditioned reflexes are acquired and can be divided into first signal systems and second signal systems. The reflexes of the first signaling system are caused by physical conditional stimuli and are common to humans and animals. In contrast, looking at Ume Tsu, that is, people see plums drooling, seeing with their own eyes is a visual physical stimulus. The reflection of the second signal system is mediated by linguistic symbols and is unique to people. Instead of talking, two people talk about plum drooling, and with the help of language, talk about Ume Izuzu.

That place is generally an example of objective questions to investigate.

For example, the tears of the wind flow belong to - unconditioned reflexes, which are innate instincts;

Babies are born to suck the nipples - unconditioned reflexes, which is also an innate instinct, that is, the sucking reflex.

As soon as the baby sees the bottle, he is happy to belong to the conditioned reflex - the first signal system, which is learned and seen with his own eyes.

There is also the second signal system that talk about tiger discoloration, which belongs to the conditioned reflex, and the word "talk" is used by language.

Next, we focus on two:

(1) The dog hears the owner call its name is to run over - the first signal system, because the language is unique to humans, the dog can not understand the language, the owner to call the dog's name for the dog is only a special physical sound stimulus for the dog, so this problem is the first signal system.

(2) The driver who stops when he sees the red light belongs to the second signal system, because the person understands the meaning of the traffic rules represented by the red light, and also understands the symbolic meaning of the red light, which belongs to the second signal system.

[This part of the explanation is over, everyone has to focus on the preparation, there are example questions, can be distinguished, and select the correct answer. 】

Third, a small test of the cattle knife

The following conditioned reflexes belonging to the second signal system are ( ).

A. Hopeless B. Talking about Umemorizu C. Seeing the Wind and Tears D. Tasting Umemorizu

Answer: B. Analysis of Chinese and Public Education: This topic examines Pavlov-related knowledge points.

Option A, daunting, is a conditioned reflex of the first signal system caused by a physical conditioned stimulus.

Option B, talking about Umehizu, is a conditioned reflex of a second signal system mediated by linguistic symbols.

Option C, see Merry Tears, is an unconditioned reflex of not learning.

Option D, taste Umehizu, is an unconditioned reflex of unlearned learning.

So the answer is B.