How do you distinguish between Skinner's "negative reinforcement" and "punishment"? First, we review the theoretical concepts of "negative reinforcement" and "punishment" and their understanding Second, use simple and crude methods to distinguish between "negative reinforcement" and "punishment" third, about "negative reinforcement" and "punishment" in the exam question skills

How do you distinguish between Skinner's "negative reinforcement" and "punishment"?

In the teacher qualification certificate or teacher recruitment examination, these two concepts belong to the key concepts in the knowledge point of "Skinner's operational conditional action theory", and the examination is mainly in the form of single-choice questions or multiple-choice questions or judgment questions or analysis questions, etc. The examination questions are mainly based on examples to examine the matching of concepts or directly give the concept to judge which of these two topics belong.

The most important thing is that these two concepts are easy to confuse many students, especially in the analysis or judgment questions. Let's get a feel for it first:

1. [Judgment Question] Negative reinforcement is the process of using punishment to exclude bad behavior. （ ）

2. [Judgment Question] The essence of negative reinforcement is punishment. （ ）

3. [Judgment Question] Punishment is the process of eliminating harmful or annoying stimuli to increase the probability of a required response. （ ）

4. [Judgment Question] Changing students' bad habits of not listening carefully in class by confiscating mobile phones is negative reinforcement. （ ）

[Answer] 1.×. 2.×。 3.×。 4.×。

What do you think? After reading the above questions is not a little dizzy ~ ~ ~ do not dizzy ~ ~ ~ students, listen to the small editor to give you two sentences, do the teacher recruitment exam or teacher qualification certificate exam questions, be sure to carefully analyze. Come, back to the truth, Xiaobian takes you to fly, takes you to the points, takes you to the king ~ ~ ~ ~ ha ha ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" >, we review the theoretical concepts of "negative reinforcement" and "punishment" and their understanding</h1>

1. Negative reinforcement

Get rid of an aversive stimulus, thereby enhancing the probability of its behavior appearing.

Here to grasp the key points: negative reinforcement itself is a means, the purpose is to increase a certain or certain behaviors of students, teachers or parents or others use a means to reduce aversion to stimuli, then what is aversion to stimulus, to put it bluntly, is some things or behaviors that students do not like, such as criticism, housework, condemnation, punishment, labor and so on. See the following example:

(1) The student scored 100 points, the mother did not let the student do housework→ negative reinforcement, the mother's means in the example is not to let the student do housework (reduce disgust stimulus), the purpose is to let the student test 100 points of behavior to be strengthened (to enhance the frequency of behavior).

(2) In ancient times, it was often said that "dai sin and meritorious service" → strengthened, and the meaning of "dai sin and meritorious service" in the example means to bear the responsibility of the crime, strive to make merit, and use it to atone for the crime, and the official means used in the idiom is atonement, that is, to reduce the crime of the prisoner (reduce the aversion to stimulus), in order to make the prisoner make more and more credit (increase the frequency of the act).

2. Punishment

When the organism makes a certain response, it presents a process of aversive stimulus (such as corporal punishment, condemnation, etc.) to eliminate or inhibit such a response.

Here's the key point: Punishment itself is also a means to reduce one or more of the student's actions, and the teacher or parent or other person uses a means of giving the student an aversion to stimuli. I will not dwell on the aversion stimulus here, see the previous description. See the following example:

(1) The student does not follow the classroom discipline, the teacher criticizes the student for a → punishment, the teacher in the example uses a method of criticizing the student (giving the student a disgusting stimulus), the purpose is to make the student comply with the classroom discipline (to reduce a certain behavior of the student).

(2) Xiaoming always fights in school, the school gives Xiaoming a warning punishment→ punishment, the school in the example uses a warning punishment (to give students disgust stimulus), the purpose is to make students stop fighting (reduce a certain behavior of students).

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > second, use a simple and crude method to distinguish between "negative reinforcement" and "punishment."</h1>

Summarizing the previous description, we can summarize the tips for distinguishing between the two:

Negative reinforcement → reduce aversion to stimuli and increase behavior.

Punishment → increases or presents aversive stimulus and decreases behavior.

It can even be argued that the concepts of negative reinforcement and punishment are opposites of memory, and of course the two are certainly not equivalent.

Then many students will have to ask, Xiaobian you give me out, if you encounter an example type of topic, how should I simply and rudely judge, don't panic ~ ~ ~ Xiaobian told you ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" >3</h1>

Quite simply, look at two iconic things:

1. What means are used by teachers, whether to reduce or increase aversive stimuli

If it is to reduce the aversion stimulus, it can basically be determined that it is a negative reinforcement, and if it is to increase the aversion stimulus, it can basically be determined that it is a punishment.

2. Ultimately whether the student's behavior increases or decreases

On the one hand, if the behavior is increased, it can be basically determined that it is reinforced, of course, it is necessary to combine the means of the previous teacher, if it is to reduce the aversion stimulus, it is a negative reinforcement, of course, the behavior of the presentation (increase) of the disgust stimulus of the student has also increased, which is a bit unspeakable, what is not, haha ~ ~

On the other hand, if the behavior is reduced, it can be basically determined that it is punishment or subsidence, of course, combined with the means of the previous teacher, if it is to increase the aversion stimulus, it belongs to the punishment, of course, reduce the aversion stimulus, the behavior is reduced, so it also belongs to nothing.

Therefore, in the examination, it is recommended that you mainly observe whether the teacher's means and the student's behavior in the question increase to comprehensively determine which of the two belongs.

Well, speaking of this, I believe that everyone can also be very clear to analyze, now do a few problems to practice your hands ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1. [Judgment Question] The purpose of negative reinforcement is to reduce the frequency of behavior. （ ）

2. [Judgment Question] Negative reinforcement is punishment. （ ）

3. [Judgment Question] The purpose of punishment is to reduce or resist the occurrence of bad behavior. （ ）

[Answer] 1.×. 2.×。 3.√。

Today's sharing ends here

This article is designed to exchange some difficult and complicated diseases that may be encountered in the teacher recruitment examination or the teacher qualification examination, hoping that the students who are preparing for the exam can successfully pass the exam, and at the same time, in the preparation process, the students encounter difficulties or difficult to analyze the points, you can tell the editor by leaving a message in the comment area or a private message message, Xiaobian will reply to your message in time, and update the new article to everyone the next day or the day with the questions you put forward