This article is a series of 254 intensive readings of Chinese history, and 22 consecutive years of "History of the Song Dynasty" (click to view the previous part), welcome to watch.
After Wushu withdrew from jiangshan to the north, Emperor Gaozong of Song took advantage of the opportunity of the Jin soldiers to temporarily relax the military pressure on Jiangnan and colluded with the traitor Qin Ju to intensify the surrender to Jin.
Qin Juniper was a notorious traitor in Chinese history. At the time of the Jingkang Disaster, he was serving as an official in the dprk, and once made a fierce anti-war speech opposing Jin Bing's establishment of Zhang Bangchang as emperor, and was detained by Jin Bing and sent north. However, as soon as he arrived in the Jin Dynasty, he was exposed in his original form, and soon sold himself to the Jurchen nobles, becoming a lazy confidant of Jin Taizong's brother.
In October of the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), Qin Ju and his wife Wang Shi sailed from Lianshui (present-day Lianshui, Jiangsu) to Yuezhou (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) to the court of the Southern Song Dynasty, claiming that he had killed the jin dynasty's surveillance personnel and seized the boat.
At that time, many officials in the Southern Song Dynasty believed that Qin Juniper's account was flawed and felt suspicious of his origins. However, after seeing Qin Juniper and listening to his exhortation that "if you want the world to be fine, you must be from the south to the south and from the north to the north", Emperor Gaozong of Song was overjoyed to say that Qin Juniper was "a loyal and loyal person, and he was overjoyed but not sleepy", and proudly said that he "got another good soldier", and soon in August of the first year of Shaoxing (1131), he appointed him as the right minister and the privy council, and put him in charge of the activities of "relieving the hatred and discussing peace" against Jin.
It was only because at this time the Jin Dynasty did not have the sincerity to negotiate peace with the Southern Song Dynasty, and Qin Ju boasted before paying homage to the chancellor that as long as he served as prime minister for several months, he would "stir up the world", but as a result, he did nothing, which disappointed Emperor Gaozong of Song.
In accordance with the instructions of the Jin Dynasty, Qin Ju explicitly proposed to Emperor Gaozong of Song the strategy of "the southerners return to the south, and the northerners return to the north", asking the Southern Song Dynasty to send the Hebei people to the Jin Dynasty and the Central Plains people to Liu Yu's puppet Qi regime. Because at that time, not only Was Song Gaozong himself a "northerner", but many civilian generals and soldiers were also northerners, and according to this policy, not only the Southern Song regime and army would disintegrate, but Also Song Gaozong himself would have no return, so although Song Gaozong surrendered, he could not accept this policy.
The left minister Lü Yihao and some court officials also impeached Qin Juniper. Emperor Gaozong of Song only appointed Qin Ju as chancellor for ten months, deposed him, and listed him as guilty of the dynasty, showing that he would not be reused.
In the years after Qin Ju's first resignation in the second year of Shaoxing (1132), although the Jin Dynasty released the air of "peace negotiations", the conditions were more harsh than the strategy of "the southerners returned to the south and the northerners returned to the north" proposed by Qin Juniper.
This "peace talk" was actually a strategy of the Jin people to eliminate the Southern Song Dynasty. If the Southern Song Dynasty accepted these conditions, it would not even be able to obtain a corner of the South of the An'an River. Therefore, although Emperor Gaozong of Song did not hesitate to "humble and generously" the Jin rulers, it was difficult to accept the conditions of the Jin people, and there was no progress in the Peace Agreement between Song and Jin.
On the military battlefield, from the early years of Shaoxing, important changes have taken place. After the defeat of Shangyuan in the Jin Dynasty, shaoxing in March of the fourth year (1134), was hit equally hard by Wu Jiu at Xianrenguan and had to abandon his plan to enter Shu.
On the Jinghu front, the Song general Yue Fei took the initiative to attack shaoxing from May to July of 1944 and recovered six counties, including Xiangyang, which were occupied by the puppet Qi, so that the defensive line of the northwest battlefield and the two Huai fronts were kept open, and the defensive strength of the Southern Song Dynasty was strengthened.
Wu Shu led an army to support the puppet Qi, and in September, together with Liu Yu, crossed the Huai south in a large-scale invasion, but was heroically resisted by the Song army led by Yue Fei and Han Shizhong, as well as many volunteer soldiers from the two Huai provinces, and soon ended in failure.
All this shows that the situation on the Battlefield of the Song dynasty and Jin has undergone changes in favor of the Southern Song Dynasty since the fourth year of Shaoxing. The military superiority of the Golden Soldiers in the early days of the war disappeared. The Southern Song Dynasty had already trained heroic and good military commanders such as Wu Jie, Han Shizhong, and Yue Fei in the war, and the combat effectiveness of the Southern Song army had also been greatly strengthened.
In the early years of Shaoxing, the Jin Dynasty's various military failures in terms of abduction and military had serious differences within the Jin Dynasty in terms of tactics for war against the Song Dynasty. After the death of Jin Taizong in the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135), the contradictions within the Jurchen nobility developed into fierce infighting. Liu Yu, the traitor leader of the Han Dynasty, became a scapegoat for the Jin Dynasty's defeat in the Song War, and the Puppet Qi was deposed by the Jin Dynasty in the seventh year of Shaoxing (1137), and a faction of the Jurchen nobles led by Tart Lazy decided to return Henan and Shaanxi, which were originally under the jurisdiction of the False Qi, to the Song Dynasty and negotiate peace with the Song Dynasty.
The drastic changes in the Jin Dynasty's war policy toward the Song Dynasty caused great repercussions within the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty due to infighting. Emperor Gaozong of Song believed that there was hope for the peace talks that he had been waiting for for many years, and revived the appointment of Qin Ju as chancellor and privy councillor, and asked him to make a decision on peace negotiations.
Many people within the Southern Song Dynasty believed that the Jin people were untrustworthy and opposed "bending themselves" to make peace with the Jin Dynasty. In this way, within the Southern Song Dynasty, a fierce struggle was waged between the resisting faction and the capitulation faction. The banner of the anti-japanese faction during this period was the anti-Jin hero Yue Fei.
Yue Fei (岳飞), courtesy name Pengju (1103-1142), was a native of Tangyin, Henan. Born into a peasant family, he joined the army at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and participated in the Liao Conquest War. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, he served as a subordinate general of the Hebei Zhaofu Division, and accompanied Wang Yan across the Yellow River to Hebei to resist Jin. After leaving Wang Yan, he joined Zong Ze's men in Tokyo to participate in the defense of Kaifeng, which was appreciated by Zong Ze.
After Zong Ze's death, Yue Fei withdrew with Du Chong from Kaifeng to Jiankang. When Du Chong fled and even shamelessly surrendered to the enemy when Wushu crossed the river to invade the south, Yue Fei led his troops to fight alone. When Wushu retreated from Jiangnan, he pursued him bravely near Jiankang and recaptured jiankang city.
At this time, Yue Fei had already experienced more than 200 battles, and because of his bravery and good fighting, his reputation was getting higher and higher, and he became an independent general. When Shaoxing was just 30 years old in the second year, he had already become the commander guarding the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1134), after he was ordered to carry out the Northern Expedition and retake the six counties of Xiangyang controlled by the pseudo-Qi, he was given the title of Jiedu Envoy. At this time, he was just 32 years old, and he became the youngest and most promising member of the Southern Song Dynasty. The "Yue Family Army" led by him was deeply loved by the people because of its strict discipline and outstanding military achievements, and became the mainstay of the Anti-Jin struggle in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei had always had the ambition to restore the lost land and revitalize the Song Dynasty, so on the one hand, he strongly demanded that Song Gaozong send a division to "directly attack the Central Plains and restore the old frontier", and on the other hand, he contacted the volunteer soldiers of Heshuo to resist Jin and make preparations for recovering the lost land.
However, Yue Fei's ambitions were either treated coldly by Emperor Gaozong of Song or obstructed. Emperor Gaozong of Song only wanted to favor the south of the Jiangsu River and did not want to win the anti-Jin struggle, because once he defeated the Jin Dynasty and welcomed back the Hui and Qin Emperors, he would not be able to become emperor himself. Therefore, Emperor Gaozong of Song only allowed Yue Fei to defend the already relatively stable defensive line, but did not allow him to go beyond the scope of the six counties of Xiangyang to recover more of his homeland.
When Shaoxing sent his army to retake the six counties of Xiangyang in the fourth year, Emperor Gaozong of Song gave Yue Fei a clear order to strictly limit himself to the six counties of Xiangyang, which had been taken by the puppet Qi Li Cheng, and not to go too deep into the enemy territory, so as not to provoke the Jin people, otherwise, "although he made a miracle, he would be punished."
In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1136), Yue Fei was again ordered to go north, and although he was invincible, because Emperor Gaozong of Song issued an order not to directly attack the Central Plains, and did not urge other generals to send troops to help, the Yue family army was forced to withdraw to the same place.
In February of the seventh year of Shaoxing (1137), Yue Fei was summoned to see Emperor Gaozong of Song and confronted Emperor Gaozong with a plan to repeat the rules. Not only did Emperor Gaozong of Song not comment on it, but even the original decision to take Liu Guangshijun in Huaixi and give it to Yue Fei and let Yue Fei do his best to "zhongxing matter" was also canceled in an instant.
Emperor Gaozong of Song not only did not appreciate Yue Fei's loyalty, but instead became suspicious of him.
This kind of situation made the contradiction between Yue Fei, who resolutely resisted Jin, and the capitulation faction headed by Song Gaozong increasingly acute. Not only did Yue Fei not become a docile horse that could be harnessed at will, as Emperor Gaozong of Song had requested of him, but because he felt that his ambition to restore the Central Plains was difficult to realize, he angrily submitted a request to Song Gaozong to resign his post in the summer of the seventh year of Shaoxing, and without waiting for Song Gaozong's approval, he went to Lushan to guard the funeral of his mother, in order to express his disappointment and resentment that the ambition to restore the Central Plains could not be supported.
When Emperor Gaozong of Song used Qin Ju as his prime minister in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138) and granted Qin Ju the authority to negotiate peace with the Jin Dynasty, Yue Fei showed a fierce opposition. At that time, Emperor Gaozong of Song summoned him from Ezhou (鄂州, in modern Wuchang, Hubei) in an attempt to get him to abandon his idea of raising troops into the Central Plains and to echo the surrender campaign. Yue Fei said sharply, "Yi Di is not trustworthy, and reconciliation cannot be bullied." Xiang Guo (referring to Qin Juniper) plotted against the country and feared ridicule from future generations. "Demanded that Emperor Gaozong of Song stop the peace talks with Jin.
When Emperor Gaozong of Song and Qin Juniper were in a state of flux, and in the first month of the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139), in spite of everything, they made peace agreements with the Jin Dynasty and paid tribute to the Jin Dynasty, Yue Fei not only did not present a congratulatory table to Emperor Gaozong of Song as usual, but instead said to Song Gaozong that he was reconciled with Jin, "The plan is temporarily safe and the solution is upside down, and it is okay to be able to do it; is it not true that Gu Chang is worried and respects the country?" He expressed the edict of peace that he recited, "with shame on his face in the army", "willing to plan for total victory, expect to reap the land in the two rivers, spit on Yanyun, and finally want to take revenge and repay the country."
This is actually a text that continues to resolutely resist gold and oppose surrender. When Emperor Gaozong of Song gave the generals the title of Knight of Honor for celebrating the success of the peace talks, Yue Fei believed that "today's affairs can be dangerous and not safe, and cannot be worried and congratulated", and could only train soldiers and take strict precautions, "and it is not feasible to reward merit and make fun of Yi Di", and repeatedly refused to accept it.
Yue Fei's resolute opposition to the peace talks made Emperor Gaozong of Song very angry, and even more cut his teeth by Qin Jun, and was henceforth regarded as a thorn in the side of Song Gaozong and Qin Jun.
However, things were just as Yue Fei had predicted, and soon after the conclusion of the peace talks, the Jin Dynasty once again had infighting, Wushu returned Henan and Shaanxi to the Song Dynasty with laziness, denounced that There was secret collusion between Tart Andu and the Southern Song Dynasty, that Tart Lazy had been stripped of military power, and was soon executed for treason, and wushu, the vanguard of the Song war, seized military power, immediately tore up the peace agreement between Shaoxing and the Southern Song Dynasty in the first month of the ninth year, and in May of the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140), divided his troops into two routes, attacked Shaanxi and Henan in a big way, and soon took Henan and Shaanxi back.
Then, Wu Shu led a large army to attack Huainan. At this time, Emperor Gaozong of Song panicked again, and hurriedly ordered Yue Fei to attack from Xiangyang, contain the Jin soldiers attacking Huainan and Shaanxi, and "try to restore the Beijing Division" (Kaifeng).
However, the Jin soldiers attacking Huainan were hit hard at Shunchang (present-day Fuyang, Anhui) by the former "Eight-Character Army" led by Liu Kun, and Wushu had to withdraw to Kaifeng.
Jin Bing's threat to Huainan was soon lifted, and Song Gaozong immediately changed his mind and immediately issued an order to Yue Fei that "soldiers should not move lightly, and it is advisable to be a class division".
However, Yue Fei believed that the opportunity could not be lost, and resolutely marched to the Central Plains, and was warmly welcomed by the people of the Central Plains along the way, and the Yue family army went to Kejie and recovered many prefectures and counties. In July, the Yue family's army defeated the Jin soldiers at Haocheng (郾城, in modern Haocheng, Henan), annihilating Wushu's elite cavalry. Subsequently, the Yue family army fought wushu and fled at Yingchang, and pursued them all the way to the town of Zhuxian, which was only 45 miles from Kaifeng.
At this time, many volunteer soldiers in the north and south of the Yellow River who persisted in the struggle responded to Yue Fei's Northern Expedition under the banner of yue jiajun, and other Song soldiers also turned to local counter-offensives, and the anti-Jin struggle showed a good situation of vigorous development.
Jin Bing exclaimed, "It is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family's army." At one point, Wushu was even prepared to evacuate Kaifeng and go to Hebei to avoid the Yue family's army.
However, the excellent situation of the anti-Jin struggle frightened Song Gaozong and Qin Ju and his gang, who did not want to win the anti-Jin struggle. They hurriedly ordered all the Song soldiers to leave Yue Fei's army alone and helpless, and then issued successive gold medals to force Yue Fei to retreat.
After Yue Fei received such a rebellious order from Emperor Gaozong of Song, he was very indignant and could not disobey it, and could not help but say with great sadness: "Ten years of work will be wasted in one fell swoop," and then helplessly ordered a retreat.
The great achievements of the Second Northern Expedition of the Yue family army were given to the Jin Dynasty by Emperor Gaozong of Song and Qin Ju.
After song gaozong and Qin ju and his gang forcibly ordered Yue Fei's division, in order to show the Determination to surrender to the Jin people, they revoked the military power of Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other generals and stepped up the activity of surrendering to Jin.
Wushu, because Shaoxing attacked Lianghuai again in the early eleventh year (1141), and was defeated by the Song army at Tuogao (in present-day northwest of Chao County, Anhui), finally realized that it was impossible to win the war against the Song by force, and expressed his willingness to negotiate peace with the Southern Song.
Song and Jin began tense activities again for peace talks.
Emperor Gaozong of Song saw that a good general like Yue Fei was not only no longer needed, but also an obstacle to surrender activities, and long-term suspicions finally turned into the idea of killing Yue Fei.
Fearing that Yue Fei would oppose the peace talks, Wu Shu also sent people to instruct Qin Ju to kill Yue Fei. Therefore, Emperor Gaozong of Song conspired with Qin Jun, and Zhang Jun, who had joined Qin Jun, came forward to fabricate charges, falsely accused Yue Fei of preparing for rebellion, arrested and imprisoned Yue Fei and his sons Yue Yun and his subordinates, and handed over to Qin Jun's henchman Wan Qianbi to use torture to force a confession, asking Yue Fei to admit that he had the intention of plotting rebellion.
Yue Fei knew that he had fallen into the hands of the state thief and was "loyal to the country, once he was all suspended," but he always refused to admit the false accusations of Qin Ju and his gang.
At that time, Song Gaozong and Qin Ju could not find any evidence that Yue Fei wanted to rebel. Han Shizhong hugged Yue Fei for his grievances and went to question Qin Ju. Qin Ju went so far as to say that although yue fei's father and son plotted rebellion, "although it is unclear, its body is unwarranted."
When Han Shizhong heard this, he couldn't help but say indignantly, "If you don't have three words, why do you serve the world?" Since then, the three words "false" have become synonymous with the despicable means used by all reactionary figures to slander upright people.
Creating Yue Fei's great unjust imprisonment was also a means for Emperor Gaozong of Song and Qin Ju to suppress other ministers of culture and military affairs who opposed surrender and to eliminate resistance to surrender. After the arrest of Yue Fei's father and son, the Song and Jin finally concluded a peace agreement in November of the eleventh year of Shaoxing: the Southern Song Dynasty officially declared itself a vassal to the Jin Dynasty, paying tribute to 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 silk horses per year; song and Jin were bounded by the middle stream of the Huai River, the west of Dashanguan (southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi), and the area north of Tang (present-day Tanghe County, Henan) and Deng (present-day Deng County, Henan) in the middle was assigned to the Jin Dynasty.
Because this peace agreement was scheduled during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, it was called "Shaoxing Peace Agreement".
Shortly after the conclusion of the Shaoxing Peace Agreement, Emperor Gaozong of Song and Qin Ju desperately condemned Yue Fei's father and son and Zhang Xian to death, and killed Yue Fei, Yue Yun, and Zhang Xian in the eleventh year of Shaoxing Chinese New Year's Eve (January 28, 1142).
At that time, Yue Fei was only 39 years old, and Yue Yun was only 23 years old. Before yue fei was about to be executed, he wrote on the prison case with a stroke of his pen, "Heaven and Day Zhao Zhao! The day is shining! "Eight big characters, indicating the final protest against the capitulationists."
Although Yue Fei was falsely accused, his deeds have been praised by people for hundreds of years. The Ming Dynasty poet Wen Zhengming once gave a poem "Manjiang Hong", which directly exposed the ugly features of Song Gaozong's collusion with Qin Ju to kill Yue Fei out of despicable intentions:
Wipe the remnants of the stele, and the words are faintly readable. At the beginning, relying on how heavy it was, and then how cool it was. It is a matter of accomplishment and death, and it is difficult to redeem poor things. The most innocent, hateful and even more tragic, storm hell.
Don't you think, Xinjiang is broken! Don't you read it, emblem is humiliating! Since the emblem has returned, what is this body? Chizai Xiu talked about the mistake of crossing the south, and at that time he was afraid of Zhongyuan Fu. Laughter, a juniper can also be, when it is desired.
In the Yuewang Temple in Hangzhou and the Yuewang Ancestral Hall in Tangyin, for hundreds of years, there have been people there to remember Yue Fei's exploits and denounce the crimes of Song Gaozong and Qin Ju and his gang.
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