Chen Yuan
The "Generation of Confucians – Qian Daxin Memorial Exhibition" (November 28, 2020 - February 28, 2021), which is currently being exhibited at the Jiading Museum in Shanghai, is a complete display of the Beijing Guanxue Zhai collection "Mr. Qian Daxin's Hand Jane Fifteen Links". "Mr. Qian Daxin's Hand Jane Fifteen Links", also known as the Family Book, is a letter sent by Qian Daxin to his family's children, "from the age of forty-seven years of Zhuting in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong to the seventy-sixth age of Zhuting in the eighth year of Jiaqing, mian Hufan thirty years." The well-known historian Chen Yuan greatly admired Qian Daxin's learning, and once specially examined Qian Daxin's fifteen family letters, and wrote an article entitled "Qian Zhuting's Hand Jane Fifteen Letters Examination Interpretation", which was published in the 5th issue of "Cultural Relics" magazine in 1963. The Paper published the "Qian Zhuting Hand Jane Fifteen Letters Examination Interpretation" in full text.
"A Generation of Confucians - Qian Daxin Memorial Exhibition" is on display at the Jiading Museum. In addition to being an academic exhibition about the Qing Dynasty scholar Qian Daxin, the exhibition is also a rare calligraphy exhibition, and the rare calligraphy of Qing Dynasty scholars and the inkblots of important figures of the Qianjia School are presented in this exhibition. Most of the books involved are written by Qian Daxin and his related figures, and in addition to the important collections of the Jiading Museum, they also bring together important collections of the Shanghai Library and the collections of Beijing Guanxuezhai, some of which are the old collections of The Cloud Tower.
"Mr. Qian Daxin's Hand Jane Fifteen Links", also known as the Family Book, was originally collected by Qian Dongbi, the son of Qian Daxin, and later returned to Yin Yanwu. Yin Yanwu greatly admired the historical achievements of the historian Chen Yuan, calling Chen Yuan a "giant of contemporary historiography" who had "been in the past hundred years", and knew that Chen Yuan greatly admired Qian Daxin's learning. In 1952, he handed over these family letters to Chen Yuan and asked him to interpret them. The two discussed this book repeatedly for more than ten years. Chen Yuan eventually wrote an article entitled "Qian Zhuting's Hand Jane Fifteen Letters Examination Interpretation", which was published in the 5th issue of "Cultural Relics" magazine in 1963.
Qian Daxin
Shanghai Jiading Museum exhibited the "Generation of Confucianism - Qian Daxin Memorial Exhibition" scene
The following is the original text of the "Qian Zhuting Hand Jane Fifteen Letters Examination Interpretation"
Qian Zhuting's hand Jane fifteen letters, the original mounting fourteen kai, Mr. Yin Shigong from Shanghai to Beijing, exhibition and reading, all Zhu Ting sent letters to the children of the family, three of which have the "East Wall Book" print, when the eldest son of Zhu Ting Dongbi is hidden, the date of the examination is as follows:
The first to fifth letters of Fan Liu kai, all Qianlong thirty-nine years Of Zhu Ting from Henan Township Examination Examiner to Guangdong Xuezheng, September to November sent letters to the Beijing family. The letter has no upper and lower paragraphs, all of which are points, when the wife Lady Wang has died, Gai Jipu Lady. There is Pu Ye in the letter, that is, the Pu brothers. Grandma, Mother Officinalis. The grand official, the second official, namely Dongbi, Dongshu, miss, that is, the eldest daughter of Zhuting. Shi Dongbi was nine years old, Dong Shu was seven years old, and the female was two years old.
The first letter of Cao Mutang, the name Xue Min, Zhu Ting in the same year, the Beijing official and the Shanxi gang, at that time the same person Heng relied on it to be anxious. The second letter of the White Lord, bai lin, is the deputy examiner of the Henan Township Examination. He Da, the governor of Henan, was the governor of Henan, and he was given the title of viceroy, so he was called the governor. Uncle, for Zhu Ting's sister-in-law Chen Yaoyunxi, see Zhu Ting's own chronicle. The third and fourth letters of Lord Jin are the former Guangdong scholar Jin Shisong. Cao Renhu and Shao Jinhan of the fifth letter were invited to enter the inner study, Cao was a fellow villager in Jiading, and Shao was a Yishi obtained by Zhejiang Min, so he was allowed to enter the room.
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Madame Pu Codex (Fourth Letter Partial Map)
The sixth letter is about kelu and his family to Sioux City to watch the crossing. Kelu Zhu Ting brother Zhao, the word obscure. In the first month of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, Zhu Ting first came to Suzhou, taught at Ziyang Academy, lived for sixteen years, and this letter was written in April of the fifty-fourth year.
The seventh letter was written when Gai Qianlong entered beijing in June of the fifty-fifth year to celebrate his eightieth birthday. In the letter, it was said that Wang Zhisi had been dismissed, and the Shushitai had also dismissed the officials, and wang Shidi and shulin of the Shushi were all dismissed from their posts because of the Gaoyouzhou pseudo-collusion and fraudulent recruitment case. He was twenty-three years old, so he was admonished to read first, and it was useless to wander.
The eighth and ninth letters are paid to Dongbi and Dongjuku. Booking the twenty-seventh day to pick up the eldest sister to return home, before the winter solstice to go back, the letter and asked Ah Tong, Ah Yan is okay. The eldest sister is the eldest miss, Qianlong fifty-sixth year nineteen, suitable for the same county Qu Mufu. Mufu's name is Zhongrong, the number of Jingtao, see the "Qianyantang Poetry Sequel" Seven "Dongting Miscellaneous Songs" poem notes. The two letter covers were made in October 57, the winter solstice on the eighth day of november of that year, and Guining could only live for ten days, so it was too fast. Ah Tong Dong Bi Zi, Famous Master Shen, Ah Yan Dong Shu Zi, Famous Master Kang, Shi Ah Tong is five years old, Ah Yan is one year old. Jiayetang carved Qu Mufu's self-written chronology, not carrying Jingtao's old number, not in harmony, not in the poem annotation of "Dongting Miscellaneous Verses", who knows who Jingtao is.
The tenth letter is paid to Dongbi and Dongjue, and the ink is the same as the first two Zha, and the personnel mentioned in the Zhazhong are also connected, and the cover is made at the same time, that is, in November of the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong. The second sister, Zhu Ting, is also the second daughter.
The eleventh letter was sent obscurely, to Komatsu turned, and waited for the cover creek. In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong, Ruan Yuan succeeded Weng Fanggang as the governor of Shandong, obscure Zeng Zuo Ruan Yuanmu, Weng wrote the "Fuchu Zhai Poem" volume 45 "Jia Yin title Huang Qiu'an Tongzhide Stele Twelve Figures", there is a sentence "Close to Qian Jiazhong, parking intentions do not forget", that is, in this year. Huang Yizi Xiaosong, Qiu'an, GuanshanDong Canal Tongzhi.
The twelfth letter is related to the eldest nephew of both Qin and the eldest son of The Obscure. Zachu asked, "Is it possible for Lord Shu to solve the temple?" The previously designated Zun Tang and the Wulin Zhi said, now it is planned to be in Su Qixing", when it was made in the first year of Jiaqing obscure and Zo Ruan Yuan Zhejiang Xuezheng curtain. The second of the "Four Collections of the Study Room" has the poem "Chengchen Inscription Qian Ke Lu Ming Jing Banana Window Annotation Yatu", that is, at this time. Zha Zhong also said, "Zhang Qiantang wants to publish the Fenggong tiles in the "Golden Stone Deed", and Zhang Qiantang supplements the engraving of the "Golden Stone Deed", which is in the first year of Jiaqing. ”
The thirteenth letter and Kelu, Za Wuyue Day, Wazhai Qutang, Qu Zhongrong Father, Jiaqing 2nd year in August, Wazhai Zhao Zhuting for the journey of Dongting West Mountain, see "Zhuting Annals", this Za as the year.
Letters 14 and 15 are related to Kelu. The two zha have no moon day, the frame is opened, the ink is the same, and the cover is made in the same year. Zha Zhongyan said, "Yizhi interviews have arrived one after another, and it can be deleted into a book, this matter", Jiaqing six years, Changxing Order Yanzhu Ting, Kelu General Repair County Chronicle, eight years of Zhicheng, this second Zha as the year, that is, the year before Zhu Ting's death. I was sick from time to time, so there were negative words in the za. Canglai Aotu, Shu'an Wang Chang.
In this volume, although there are only fifteen janes, from the age of forty-seven in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong to the seventy-sixth age of Zhuting in the eighth year of Jiaqing, there are many months without years, or there are days without months, or months and days that are missing, and now they are one by one, and they are of the quality of shigong. Chen Yuan.
1/15 Qian Da Xin Zhi Pu Lady Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin Zhipu Lady Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin Zhipu Lady Codex (partial large picture)
Commentary:
Since I got up, I have been safe and sound, and I will be on the list on the third day of September, and I will get up and enter Beijing on the twelfth. On the afternoon of the eleventh day, I received a letter from the ministry, knowing that Meng En had sent Guangdong to study politics, that is, to go to a new post, there was no need to come to Beijing for training, so I immediately packed up here, and when there was a military survey, I got up and went to Guangyi. At this time, the winter order has been handed over, and it is difficult to travel on Shandong Road, and it is absolutely impossible to pick up the family at this age. The key on the box, which was lost yesterday, can be opened separately, the box has silver, can be taken at any time, and when it is used, it will be recorded in a general ledger, and it will not be forgotten. After I arrived in Guangzhou, some people folded into Beijing, and Ru waited for him to discuss getting up, and he could not make a mistake. There is a definite decision to get up, and then the house is transferred, the yuan price and repair, must be four hundred and two, the pawn period of three years is full, before the transaction can be completed. In case the canon is uncertain, when he gets up, he borrows two or three hundred gold from The Cao Lord Mutang, and his room is also good for the book and the Cao. At this time, the road is short of entanglement, the curtain guest or to Jiangxi, or to Guangdong, and then extend the invitation, if you go in Beijing, I can not have the coil entanglement more help also. Now Hu Sheng went to Beijing to fold and brought back five Bian Aya (Yuan Qing II, Red Purple, Lotus Brown), one cotton silk, four bags, eight handkerchiefs, and received keye point by point.
Eleven-day word
2/15 Qian Da Xin Zhi Pu Lady Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin Zhipu Lady Codex (partial large picture)
On the twelfth day, he sent Lord Bai back to Beijing, and it was the late tai Tai He who still returned to The City. Here I have bought only one sheepskin robe and one of the foxes, and all the cloth secretaries have given two hundred taels of silver for the road fee, and they have been returned. The survey and cooperation received by the main examination office was also handed over to Lord He, entrusted to his consulting department to pay on his behalf, and the Henan Yidao was also filled in for the survey. From Guide all the way into the territory of Fengyang Province, Anhui, that is, Shangguang Zheng station. Today, on the fifteenth day of this month, I started from Xiangfu, and I was afraid that Beijing was not at ease, so I sent a letter to inform. Lord Zhang had recommended a family member, named Hu De, a tongcheng native, and has now been accepted. This winter, the family members are absolutely unable to travel south, and I will have a letter to come next spring, and then I will get up and go to the bureau of appointment. Pu Ye asked him to take care of the door of the home, where Yi's second son was fine. The full record of the Shuntianxiang test has not yet been seen, and the uncle has won it? The home coil is still supportive and you can live this winter with peace of mind. Is the second official willing to study? There is not much left.
September 15
Sealed in the city of Bieliang, immediately get up.
3/15 Qian Da Xin Zhi Pu Lady Codex
Since Hu Sheng returned to Beijing, he has reported two more times, and he thinks that he has received it. I crossed the river on the third day of October, went to Jiujiang Province, and now crossed Meiling on the seventeenth, and have reached the border of Guangdong, and there are still more than a thousand miles away from the provincial capital. The people and horses on the road are safe, but the weather is too warm, not only can not use the leather robe, that is, the second half of the leather coat can not be worn. Silver must be used in the home, and the application must be opened in the box, and an account book must still be set up, and a number of open expenditures must be used, so as not to have the problem of unclear memory. The period when the family members get up, when they get up next year, but in the month of What month, it is not yet decided, you must ask Li Tie to turn the street Cao Lord, and the rice city Hutong Cao Old Master, consider the appropriate, and then you can hire a boat to start the trip. From the Beijing division hired a boat to go home, from home to Hangzhou it takes six days, change the ship to Changyushan, about six or seven days, Changyushan began to drought for one day, and then changed the ship to Jiangxi, but on the seventh or eighth day, and hired a boat from Jiangxi to Nan'an, tied to the water, there are beaches, it takes seventeen or eight days, from drought to Meiling for one day, and then change the ship to Guangzhou Provincial City, not ten days. After I arrive in office, I will have a contract to fold to Beijing, and when the burden I have sent to the day, I will seal the last fold and bring it back, and I must not mistake it. Grandma, senior official, second official, and young lady all said hello, and now because Lord Jin undertook the opportunity of the messenger, he sent this letter of security.
October 17
Under the lights of Nam Hung Province
4/15 Qian Da Xin Zhi Pu Lady Codex
I got up in Henan, and on the way I sent three more security reports, thinking that I had received them. Hu Sheng wanted to arrive in Beijing around September 25, but did he not know that Xie En fold had been delivered? On October 27, I have gone to the provincial capital of Guangzhou to take over the printing of the ministry, the gate is very wide, there are many houses, and there are Taihu stones, and the trees are luxuriant, and the family will not be lonely when they come here in the future. The college goes out on tour every year, and the days of living in the province are very rare, and it is necessary to have a family member to take care of it, so it is convenient, otherwise, how can a guy move everything, which is very inconvenient. But this year can not come, next spring is frozen, the road is easy to walk, but also need to inquire and understand, before you can get up. It takes about forty or fifty days to go from Beijing to Suzhou to Jiading, and the guys who are heavy and can not bring books will stay at home. Another ship was hired to Hangzhou, about five or six days, changing ships to Changyushan, about seven or eight days, in Changyushan a day of drought, and then changing boats to Jiangxi, but seven or eight days, changing ships in Jiangxi to Nan'an Province, Shangshui, must be seventeen or eight days, one day through Meiling, change ships to guangdong provincial city, down the water but seven or eight days, the road is not hard. The disk fee will cost hundreds of gold, and there is no need to worry about it, because there is no one to take care of it, and I am afraid that the cost will be even greater. I have only been in office for two or three days, things are extremely busy, and my spirit is not very good, and now I have sent Xu Guang to Beijing to enter the fold, and the Zhu batch he last offered, that is, to send Xu Guang back, must not be mistaken. Everything in the family should be written on the letter, and it should be written clearly, is it good for grandma and the senior official and the second official? There is a letter from the south side, which can also be sealed in the letter to bring also. Guangdong weather is very warm, at this time or wear cotton jacket, or wear a small coat, there is no certain, about after the rain slightly cold, usually always very warm, but the body should be slightly hot, often sweat some good, a cold, it is not pleasant. There is nothing wrong with the academy, the long follow does not need to be used much, it takes five or six to read the text, and now Lord Jin has recommended one to be his nephew. In addition, before having written to home, I want to invite a few people, and I don't know when I got here also. Tonight's book and folding, at this time, have reached the three drums, so I can't write more.
October 29
When you undertake to return to the mission, you must buy a few folds, ten white folds, five yellow folds, a furniture envelope, and four yellow aya splints, and bring them together.
5/15 Qian Da Xin Zhi Pu Lady Codex
On the first day of November, Xu Guang was sent to Beijing, and he already had a letter from his family, thinking that he had received it. Now there is another important matter, which must be done by Cao Laoye Renhu in the hutong of Tomi City, and the word arrives, that is, take the silver eight or two letters at home (wrapped tightly with cotton paper), stick a red signature, write the word "micro respect", and send it together with the letter, and it must not be delayed. The inner study room should be a book inscription, can not be lost, such as Cao LaoYe Renhu to check the books, you can open the study room to invite it in, Shao Ye Jinhan to enter the study, you can also invite in. In the future, when returning to the south, collect books, or should be brought to Guangdong, or should exist in Jiading, please ask Shao Ye to decide. All the pieces of my own writings that I have copied, that is, the fragments of essays, must be checked one by one, placed in a box, and brought to Guangdong. Its inscriptions were also brought to Guangdong Fanghao. Yu has a previous letter.
The first three days of the word
There were two foreign letters, one to Cao Laoye Renhu and another silver letter; one to Shao Laoye Jinhan.
6/15 Qian Da Xin to Qian Da Zhao Codex
Yesterday, I received a message and talked about the matter of fixing the price, and this property is not profitable, but can only be redeemed in winter. As for the loan, at this time, the use is very expensive, and there is no way to respond, and it is possible to beg for a letter to be restored. Duanyang Festival Sioux City dragon boat is quite prosperous, hoping that my brother and second grandmother and nephew and niece will come to Su Yiguan, I have sent Li Rui to buy a boat to serve hou, fortunately it did not resign as a lotus. Yu Rong was informed.
Second brother of Kelu
Big Shotun Head
Twenty-seven days
7/15 Qian Daxin to Qian Dongshu Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Qian Dongshu Codex
On the seventh day of the first month, it is more than enough to go to Xumen Horse Head, that is, to get on the big boat, to resign everywhere on the eighth day of the first month, to move the boat to the small berth outside the gate on the evening of the ninth day of the first month, and to go north tomorrow morning. The academy did not withdraw it, and the raw silk, summer cloth and other items purchased, as well as scattered objects, were brought back by ship. Two days is very hot, the body is still good, Yu Qian has a bento at any time to send a letter back also. Envoy Wang Was also dismissed from his post, awaiting trial, and was also dismissed from office. The new envoy, Chen Gongfengzi, a native of Jiangxi, had not yet arrived, and was now entrusted with the affairs of Zhang Gong of Songtai Province, and was also working for the Gonggong of Jiangning. In the heat of the day, mung bean soup, honeysuckle soup can be taken regularly, cold water should not be eaten, the precepts of the ring!
On the ninth day of June, the unitary inscription was read by Fu DongJuku. Reading is the best, and idleness is useless.
8/15 Qian Daxin to Qian Dongbi, Qian Dongshu Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Qian Dongbi and Qian Dongshu Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Qian Dongbi, Qian Dongshu Codex (partial large picture)
Yesterday, I received a letter from my family, that is, I sent someone to Yusi, scheduled to pick up my eldest sister to return home on the twenty-seventh day of this month, and this morning I received a letter from Jingtao, and I have promised that I will send Xu Sheng back to SuMaizhou in the future. It's freezingly cold, so it's important to wear more clothes. Can Mother Ru eat more in recent days? According to Yusi, he had wanted to come to Jia after the winter solstice, but now he was afraid that it would be cold, so he obeyed the twenty-seventh day, and he wanted to go back before the winter solstice. The whole family wants to be well, is Ah Tong and Ah Yan good? Yu Qian's post-letter.
On the 22nd day, Shen carved the words Fu Dongbi, Dongshu, and second sister Tong Reading
9/15 Qian Daxin to Qian Dongbi and Qian Dongshu Codex
Today I bought a boat to pick up the big lady and mirror tao to Jia, I was going to come with me, because of the third day of the first three days of class, I saved more of this exchange, it is not to return. The family wants to be safe and secure. Yu Siyun wanted to take him home before the winter solstice, and the foolishness seemed to be too fast, that is, either there was an important matter in the canal family, or Jingtao temporarily returned for a few days, it seemed inevitable. During this time, the new rice has been eaten for a long time, and there is a hope to send new rice and count the bags of old rice. The pills will also be eaten, and the beans that were made in the past are still expected to be sent for continuation. Today, I sent two pounds of Xianglian, a bag of walnut meat and dates, and a basket of sugar.
Twenty-seven days of the inscription Fu Dongbi, Dongjue, the second sister read together.
10/15 Qian Daxin to Qian Dongbi, Qian Dongshu Codex
Yesterday, Mr. Sugahama Sent to choose the auspicious day of the wall, and now send Xu Sheng to return, if he is busy with this, or choose another day, but the direction of next year is not clear. The weather is not very cold, quite like three springs, renting rice wants to be uncollected. Is Mother Ru's diet slightly more than before? It is not advisable to work too hard during the day, and it is better to go to bed early at night. Have the Couple returned to Luodian? Five pounds of lamb and five pounds of chicken cake. There is not much left.
The fourth day of the first month
The characters are paid to Dongbi, Dongjue and the second sister.
On the third day of the first day, the topic of the academy was "to be a friend to assist Ren, Qiu Cheng Wan Jing Qing, to get the word 'Cheng'". Zhejiang ink roll and send. Daozang catalog B small book, find out the hand over Xu Sheng brought.
11/15 Qian Daxin to Qian Dongyuan Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Qian Dongyuan Codex
Don't come for more than twenty days, I want to be comforted by the blessing of the house. Has the Lord of the Festival been dissolved? It is said that the zuntang that was previously set up in the same way to wulin is now planned to depart in Su on the nineteenth day, but the ship is still undecided, and it is about here that the boat will be hired. Looking forward to the ticket to the hall, it is necessary to arrive at the hospital in advance on the seventeenth day, and the family is very waiting for each other. Haiyan Zhang Qiantang wanted to publish Fenggong tiles in the "Golden Stone Deed", begging for a piece of paper to pay for forwarding, and there was not much time to go.
Both diligent nephews
Bamboo Ting picks up paper. March 10
12-13/15 Qian Da Xin to Qian Da Zhao Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Qian Dazhao Codex
The first two letters were received and sent to the noble house. The top and bottom are very good. Now the second nephew sent a letter of peace, and Mr. Tokomatsu forwarded it. The previous letter was two months late because there was no one to facilitate, and now it is also sent. Mr. Qin Xi former Xi dai please Ann. Because the person who came was going to get up, it was not enough to have another kaiye. Obscure brother. Big White. The day before Tanabata.
Although my brother had resigned, he came to meet the appointment again yesterday, and he could not forgive him. If my brother can come and talk for half a day, it will be very good. There is not much left. Brother Kelu. Big Shotun Head. The original post remains in the honorific place, and.
14-15/15 Qian Da Xin to Qian Da Zhao Codex
"Family Book" Qian Daxin to Qian Dazhao Codex (partial map)
Brother Keluxian: The letter is known, and the family letter is sent to you on the same day. Yizhi's interviews have arrived one after another, and they can be deleted into a book, and this matter is over. Although the brother's cough stopped, and his spirit gradually became confused, I was afraid that he would not be able to stay in the world for a long time. "Taicang Zhi" has been read, the characters contained in it are quite detailed, this Ao Canglai, Wang Shu'an's power, and the same people are also helpful, but also gratifying. There is not much to go. Bamboo Ting resident toilet paper.
It has been more than a month since the farewell, and it is comforting to know that the spirit is healthy. When there is a convenient person to return to Jiajia, he has brought the letter with him. Brother has gradually removed the cold in the past few days, the stomach has been turned less, and the vitality has not recovered, and the night is often sleepless, which is particularly worrying. If the plan of diligent leave is not reviewed, has it been decided? Both families are well. There is not much left. Second brother of Kelu. Big Shotun Head.
(The graphic information in this article is provided by Jiading Museum)
Editor-in-Charge: Ruoxi Chen
Proofreader: Shi Gong