Qian Daxin's family and his academic character

Wang Mingsheng and Qian Daxin are not only classmates in the same village, but also relatives who get along day and night. Qian Daxin is the son-in-law of the Wang family, and Wang Mingsheng is his brother-in-law, and they can be described as academic Chang Di Zhihua, with different surnames, and they have been happy and cham all their lives. Their knowledge is profound and specialized, and in the process of interacting with Hui Dong, Shen Tong, Dai Zhen and others, they distinguish themselves from Hui Dong and Dai Zhen as the Yin Heir of the Jiading Pu School (Qi Yongxiang's "Qianjia Examination Studies"). In particular, Qian Daxin studied and analyzed the source streams in the subset of jingshi, the phonological precepts, the canonical system, the clan geography, the golden stone script, and the astronomical calendar. Liang Yusheng compared him to Zheng Xuan, Wang Chang to Wang Yinglin, Qian Zai to Gu Yanwu, and Jiang Fan's "Records of The Master of Sinology" praised him as "Mr. Scholar of Heaven, Bo Zong, since the founding of the country, a generation of Confucians"

Wang Qian's feelings are the same as brotherhood, but his temperament is very different. Wang Mingsheng has the heroic style of the Poet of the Tang Dynasty, and his sharp and unconventional way of dealing with the world is often criticized, and his conceit and good goods have left many excuses for those who do not like his character. Chen Yuan said that he was "good at cursing" and "lacking cultivation and self-righteous" (After article 1 of the Seventeenth History of Discussion). Qian Daxin is peaceful and humble, good at recognizing talents, praising and honoring people, and willing to be a ladder. The two most popular stories in the academic circles are that he "discovered" Dai Zhen's talent for scripture and recommended Dai Shi, who had been stratified to Beijing and trapped in a reverse brigade, to the academic core circle, so that everyone in the sea knew that there was Mr. Dai; the other was to "see" Shao Jinhan's talent in historiography. He was the first Bole he knew about both of them, and he was highly respected, and his open-mindedness was exemplary. Although Dai Zhen regarded himself as the first person in the world when he was alive, and Qian Daxin was also willing to live behind him and be good at what he did, after Dai Zhen's death, Qian's praise and evaluation actually far exceeded Dai's, and his historical contributions were even more unattainable to others, and Mr. Chen Yinke praised him as "the first historian of the Qing Dynasty".

To be fair, although Wang Mingsheng gives people a sense of pride, if you look at it from a different perspective, it is not an expression of true temperament. He said in "Yong Huai": "In the middle of the night, the sword is drawn, and the sorrow is long. The husband has his own ambitions, and he is poor and poor. It is Li Bai's ambition of "drawing his sword and looking around dazed" that is difficult to reward, but he is eager to make meritorious achievements. So, what is the state of Qian Daxin in the same high-spirited era? I am afraid that when Qian Shi was young, his desire to join the WTO was more urgent. Mr. Chai Degeng analyzed the psychology of the young Qian Daxin's dedication: "Although the Wang and Qian families both live in the countryside of Jiading, the Wang family is better off, the Qian family is poorer, and Zhu Ting's grandfather and father are all sitting in the countryside with Xiucai. The marriage of King Qian, mainly due to Zhu Ting's fifteen-year-old Zhongxiucai, was appreciated by Wang Xizhuang's father and went to the Wang family to enter the family. This kind of son-in-law career was looked down upon in that era... It is understandable that Zhu Ting wants to work on himself in the name of merit. ("Wang Xizhuang and Qian Zhuting") Although Qian Shi was instructed to learn by his father-in-law Wang Erda and his brother-in-law Wang Mingsheng after being engaged at the age of sixteen, he was very late, and he officially entered the family at the age of twenty-three. He was early and wise, and when he was young, he was regarded as a "great instrument" ("Bamboo Tingju Chronicle"), but the family was cold, the bones were cold, "people mocked the storks" ("The Sacrifice of Uncle Xuanting"), and he was good and sick, and in the face of the young daughter of Wang Erda's "Suqi", his heart was still full of "vain consent". Even if the father-in-law and the brother-in-law always regarded him as a "fast son-in-law", it was still inevitable that the relatives and servants of the royal family would have all kinds of "snickering". Just imagine, living in the atmosphere and environment under the fence, the flame of Qian Daxin's inner desire for success and fame must be burning, not to mention, when he was eighteen years old, he had "the ambition of shang on the ages".

Fortunately, his wife Wang Shunyuan was gentle and wise, understanding, and did not take Kodi as the most important, creating a stable and calm research environment for him. Wang's acceptance, appreciation and love undoubtedly blessed Qian Daxin's self-confidence. In the second year after his marriage, that is, in the sixteenth year of Qianlong, the emperor made his first tour of the south, and he was specially given a person to be selected for the examination and awarded the cabinet secretary, thus beginning a smooth career. His career as a son-in-law who walked low and high was the first pivot station for him to become a Sipin Jingguan and a kiku, and was regarded by the Wang family as the beloved daughter of the pearl in the palm of his hand, and was a ferryman who gently balanced his anxiety and aggressive emotions.

Duan Yujue's "Preface to the Collected Works of Qianyantang" called Qian Daxin "rational" and "qihe", and commented on his works "Chungu Tangpo" and "a sloppy and inexhaustible loss, the fa is ancient without traces of imitation, and the habit of argumentation without shouting and shouting". The temperament and cultivation of unassisting and gentleness and compassion are completely internalized in the style of writing. Qian Daxin's evaluation of Dai Zhen's academic character is also suitable for himself, "Seeking truth from facts, not favoring the Lord's family, but also arguing to rank out the former sages" ("The Biography of Mr. Dai Zhen"), both adhering to his own opinions and not being self-conscious, tolerant and considerate, and having a benevolent demeanor. However, he said in "Sacrifice to His Dead Wife Wang Gongwen" that he had been "stubborn and stubborn" and "manic and remorseful", it can be seen that he was not peaceful in his early years, but in the end he could "because of his clumsiness, he was also hidden" and became a "fortunate citizen of heaven" ("Self-titled Portrait Praise"), which was really due to his wife's rescue. Wang Shunying lived with him for seventeen years, and the couple had a deep affection, "the day of parting is very rare" ("The Narration of the Deceased Wife Wang Gongren"), she takes "contentment" as "knowing", less desire and more charity, cloth and food, and treats her as a good wife; she is a virtuous wife of "Jing Duogong", and she is also a defamation friend of "Wisdom and Communication", "Thinking about illness, Zi Heng abstains from me." Let out slander, and the Son will force me" ("Sacrifice to the Dead Wife Wang Gongren"). For a long time, Qian's long-term exposure to his wife's indifferent attitude of keeping the usual and true attitude will change spontaneously, and his temperament will be reshaped. Throughout his life, he cultivated virtue and knowledge, and his warm and harmonious family life was the basis of his dignity and Taoism, and Wang Shunying's cultivation of his humble and peaceful temperament was of great merit. When he wrote the preface to his brother-in-law Wang Mingshao's "Narrative of Zu De", he recalled: "In the past, yu learned ancient chinese, and gave his wife by his side, and when he saw yu, he was happy when he saw yu. Since the death of his wife, he has been unhappy, and the ancient text has long quit, stretching out the paper order, and not knowing the horizontal collection of the snot. "Qinse and Ming, Mo is not quiet, this scene is reminiscent of the moving picture of guiguang's "Afterword to Shimeitang" in which the peony blossoms, the wife has a wine to ask for labor, and know each other.

The influence of other family members on Qian Daxin's character and scholarship is also like salt into the water, such as dew wood, enlightenment teachings, all of which are nourished by the Fa-rectification. Grandfather Qian Wangjiong did not study the four books, and there was a method of teaching, believing that reading books must first be literate, "four voices are clear, discernment is exquisite", "scholars have difficult words and doubts, from the government to decide, all get their intentions" ("The first great father gave the family biography of the government doctor's house"). Qian Wangjiong died at the age of ninety-two, and his longevity was related to the mentality of not asking for anything. When he was sixty-nine years old, he gave the elderly over seventy years of grace to the elderly, and the townspeople added more years to invite him to give it, but he said with the right color: "Man may be deceived, and heaven may be deceived!" I will not do anything about it. When Qian Daxin heard this as a child, his heart was shaken and he never forgot it. Qian Wangjiong taught his disciples in the language of "Guan Zi": "If the kettle is full, then the people are universal, and the people are full, the heavens are generalized"; and the "Huainan Zi" language is also cited: "Only those who do not seek profit are harmless, and only those who do not seek happiness are harmless." These remarks, which do not deceive the world and are not inferior to fame and fame, sowed the seeds of easy contentment and poetic inheritance in the heart of young Qian Daxin. His eunuchs are weak, and whenever his family changes, he thinks of retreating, which is the cause of the indifferent Mingzhi planted by his grandfather. Grandfather in his eighties still reads and does not quit, saying that "it is customary to not read for a day", Qian Daxin did not forget to write, but only wished to write and teach the old life aspirations, which is also the result of my grandfather's words and deeds.

His parents are also democratic parents with broad vision and deep understanding of the great righteousness. Father Qian Guifa and his son sit in the museum, morning and evening supervision, Qian's ability to stand out with poetic talent, honor and glory, all because of his father's enlightenment professor. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, many of the sons did not practice poetry, or those who had achievements, they were criticized by their fathers and teachers, thinking that they hindered the system of righteousness. Qian Guifa is extremely wise, detached from the customs, likes to teach his son to compose poetry, and says that poetry is not empty and no scholar can do, borrow money to buy books, and read them arbitrarily. Qian Daxin offered to summon the examination of the book, and the hai nei was passed on as a special honor, and later the township association tried and tried poetry, and everyone was impressed by Qian's father's foresight. Qian Guifa was a forty-year-old Fang Supplement county student, but maintained a rather rational attitude towards Kedi and Academia, teaching Qian Dazhao but pragmatic learning, and not to take Kedi as an emergency. Qian's mother, Shen Shi, was kind and wise, and after Wang's death, she saw the concubine Pu Shi Wan Shun and knew the general body, and suggested that her son stay in the right room. Qian no longer married, the Pu clan was in charge, the court was orderly, the elder and young were peaceful, and the other side was able to be an official and devote himself to writing.

The growth of the Azura generation of masters is also inseparable from the support and efforts of the Yuezhang family and teachers and friends. Wilda not only loved to praise his son, but also loved to praise his son-in-law, and always expected a lot, and some people laughed at his praise, so he said, "Believe in my words for a long time" ("Mr. Xuanting's Epitaph"). Wang Erda's ancient learning is deeply rooted and extraordinary, and Qian Daxin has been infected by it for ten years, and the foundation of ancient learning of the scholarly people has been firmly established. At the same time, the talented wife and brother-in-law shared his strange words and doubted the question of righteousness, and the "strong" did not have a vain day, and the "slow" Qian Shifang gradually "established" ("Mr. XiLan's Epitaph"). The academic circles have always been clear about Wang Qian's academic height, demeaning the front and praising the latter, but this has an element of unadmissable evaluation due to the difference in personality between the two. Wang Mingsheng has taught and protected Qian Daxin and Cao Renhu (a distant relative of the Qian clan), and his hair is covered, and his merits are not small; he has many mistakes in the examination of history, so he needs to be tolerant, after all, the creators are sparse, and the heelers are secret, and his leading role in seeking truth from the history of the rule of law in governing the scriptures still urgently needs to be affirmed. If you compare heroes, Wang Mingsheng is like Cao Cao, Qian Daxin is Liu Bei, Cao Renhu is Sun Quan, and the three of them stand on their feet, and they are the Kuixing people of Jiading in the Qianjia period.

Compared with Dai Zhen, a young man who learned alone and had no friends and became self-taught, Qian Daxin was too lucky. He has a proven family with excellent academic achievements, a like-minded Yue family, and two erudite teachers and friends who create an academic environment that complements each other, providing an excellent harbor for him to study and cultivate. At the same time, the long-lasting friendship with Wang Mingsheng and Cao Renhu was the "first happy thing in his life" ("Preface to Mr. Xi'an's Poetry Collection"), and Qian thought that Li Du, Yuanbai, Han Meng, Pi Lu and other people with similar names in the past were "not in the same township", and it was better for the three of them to "hope to balance Yu" and "kiss his temperament and learning" to live happily. It can be said that Qian Daxin's academic bloodline came from Jiading, and later his friendship with Hui Dong, Shen Tong, Wang Chang, Ji Yun, Zhu Yun, Dai Zhen and others had the friendship of teachers and friends, but it belonged to the additional spiritual nutrition and academic supplies after adulthood, when his wings were gradually full, and other teachers and friends provided new flying heights. Qian Daxinzhishi pays attention to the transfer of public opinion and customs, and when he explores his humble gentlemanly character and the cultivation of Pu Xue's virtuous qualities with his theory, he will find interesting self-consistency, and his ancient learning achievements are closely related to the nourishment of Jiading's regional culture and family.

Author:Liu Xia(Shanghai Vocational College of Science and Technology)

Editor: Liu Di