Xiao Jiucheng's "Return to the Sail Map", a Qing engraving
Qian Daxin is the most important scholar of the Qianjia school, and his scholarship is the peak of traditional Chinese scholarship. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, Qian Daxin compiled his poems into ten volumes of the "Qianyantang Poetry Collection", and this follow-up work was not collected again, until two years after his death, his relatives compiled his poems after the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong into the "Sequel to the Poetry of Qianyantang". However, Qian Daxin's poems scattered outside the collection are still quite numerous, and they need to be collated in a way that is commensurate with his achievements and reflects academic progress.
Suzhou Gui Pan Ke Jia Lian Mian, extremely prosperous in Pan Shi En, with the title of The Crown to the third duke. The first soldier of the Pan family was Pan Shien's uncle Pan Yijun.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong, Pan Yijun participated in the examination of his own ugly section, and the evaluation paper was originally in the top ten, and he had already entered the waiting order to determine the ranking, but unexpectedly the introduction time did not arrive, and he was deposed as a third-class and ninety-seven jinshi. After that, he was on a hesitant journey, and for nearly 20 years, he served as the secretary of the cabinet for most of the time, and in the fifty-first year of Qianlong, he was sent to be the deputy chief examiner of the Guizhou Township Examination of the BingwuKe, returned to the cabinet classics, and was promoted to the head of the Guizhou Department of the Household Department until the fifty-third year. Pan Yijun felt unfair to himself, so he returned to Li in the winter of that year, and since then, Daoguang passed away at the age of 91.
After resigning from the government, Pan Yijun took a boat south along the canal, and Xiao Jiucheng, the main master of the Guizhou examination, painted the "Return to the Sail Map" to bid him farewell. In the following 30 years, Pan Yijun repeatedly asked his friends to write articles for the inscription poems of the "GuiFan Tu", which were collected into a giant poem, and later published together with the "Tan Mei Tu" inscription scrolls painted by You Zhao and Zhai Dakun.
The first of the "Guifan Tu" has Pan Yijun's self-inscription, and there are Xuancheng Yuan Gufang, Qiantang Wu Xiqi, Changzhou Wang Qiansun Bao, the rest of the inscription poets more than thirty people, more than a time celebrities, such as Yuan Ming, Qian Daxin, Wang Mingsheng, Sun Xingyan, etc., of which Qian Daxin inscription poems:
Fengchi Dye Han is good at Qingcai, and the powder department is close to the stage. The perch thought about it, and the sails turned to the Lu River.
Jade ruler Heng Wen Wanli travels, Qianshan Chushui sends poetry. Only now the North Guo Duo Poetry Society, but also mr. main alliance.
Splendid embroidery for the heart of intestinal ice and snow, why not Zhong Ding and mountains and forests. The eight donkeys singing sound habitual, cold and partial to the sound.
It was cleared up through the foot, and the paper was the most enjoyable. Taishi should occupy the rainbow through the moon, and the Mi family ship has crossed Jiangnan.
Qian Daxin's inscription poem ranks fourth in the volume, combined with the poetic view of "only the Northern Guo Duo Poetry Society, but also the main alliance", which should be written shortly after Pan Yijun returned to his hometown, that is, around the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong. At that time, Qian Daxin was teaching Ziyang Academy in Suzhou, so he could often travel with Pan Yijun to sing and sing. There are several poems related to Pan Yijun in the "Sequel to the Poetry of Qianyantang", such as "March 19, Jiang Xiangzhou Li jia summoned the fu garden to send the spring feast during the second Pan Ronggao household rhyme", "Four miscellaneous songs in the Rong Gao Zhai", "The title Pan RongGao water cloud map", "And Pan RongGao moved", "The title Rong Gao Yi Yan Tu", "The second Rong Gao Sting Room Map", etc., but there is no poem titled "Gui Fan Tu". The Complete Works of Qian Daxin of Jiading (Revised Edition), published in 2016, collected a lot of poems and did not include these four poems. At present, only Ding Xiaoming's "Research on the Art and Literature Family of Jiangnan in the Qing Dynasty" (doctoral dissertation, Soochow University, 2010) cites a poem called "Jade Ruler Hengwen Wanli Xing". In this way, these four poems are Qian Daxin's collected poems.
In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, Qian Daxin compiled his poems into ten volumes of the "Collected Poems of Qianyantang", and this follow-up work was not collected again, until two years after his death, that is, in the eleventh year of Jiaqing, his brother Qian Dazhao and son-in-law Qu Zhongrong compiled his poems after thirty-six years of Qianlong into the "Sequel to the Poetry of Qianyantang", which was also divided into ten volumes, and the criteria for taking them were "slightly arranged on the will" and "non-Mr. Manuscripts, do not dare to indiscriminately collect them". The inscription poem of "Returning to the Sail Map" has not been left in the draft, so it has not been included in the poetry collection.
Qian Daxin wrote a wealth of poems, scattered outside the collection, and has always been compiled. In this regard, the "Complete Works of Jiading Qian Daxin" edited by Mr. Chen Wenhe is the most diligent and the most fruitful. In particular, in addition to the compilation of the poems collected by Mr. Chen, the revised edition also uses a whole volume to collect a large number of poems compiled by scholars at home and abroad in recent years. Of course, the compilation of Qian Daxin's poems is a work that requires the relay of many people, and after the publication of the revised edition of the Complete Works of Qian Daxin in Jiading, some scattered poems were discovered, such as Zhou Yun's "A Lost Book of Qian Daxin's Family" (Southern Metropolis Daily, February 5, 2017), from a report in the Shanghai Central Daily in 1946, qian Daxin's family letter was compiled in July of Qianlong's 24th year. It is believed that in time, Qian Ji ji will continue to make progress.
Qian Daxin's "Three Unification Techniques", an engraving of the Qing Guangxu Long family villa
Since it comes to the "Complete Works of Jiading Qian Daxin", it is necessary to say a few more words. This book collects Qian Daxin's writings and biographical materials in an exhaustive manner, and is an indispensable work for understanding and studying Qian Daxin's scholarship and life. However, since the first edition came out, it is a book with flaws and flaws, the biggest shortcoming is that it is not perfect in terms of collation, there are many punctuation errors in broken sentences, and over the years there have also been some articles that have been discussed and supplemented, such as Chen Dezhi's "The Complete Works of Jiading Qian Daxin" ("Jiading Qian Daxin" Yuanshi Works Partial Correction Correction Errors" ("Yanjing Journal" New 11th Issue, 2001), Chen Gaohua's "Yuanshi Yiwenzhi" ("Jiading Qian Daxin Complete Collection") Point School Discussion ( "Bulletin on the Collation and Publication of Ancient Books", No. 1, 2007) and so on. In 2016, the Phoenix Publishing House published an updated version, "one is a slight adjustment in the style, the second is to add more compilation content; the third is to correct punctuation errors and typos." Chen Wenhe wrote an afterword to the revised edition, expressing his welcome to the criticism, believing that the criticism that picked out flaws was actually a "beauty" for the book. In this postscript with a total of only 37 lines, he also spent 16 lines to correct two mistakes in Chen Dezhi's article that "do not mistake mistakes", which showed his attitude of excellence. Finally, he said, "Compared with the original book, the quality of the whole book will be improved, but the old saying of 'no mistakes and no books' still applies, and the readers will appreciate it."
When the revised version was taken and proofread with the first edition, not only were the views of Mr. Chen Dezhi and others absorbed, but the editors and editors also corrected many errors on their own. For example, the "Diary of Mr. Zhu Ting", which is included in the eighth volume, has many errors in the first edition, and most of the revised editions have been changed. The improvement of the quality of the new edition is the result of the joint efforts of the editor-in-chief, the publishing house and even the readers.
However, under careful reading, there are still some errors in the revised edition of the Complete Works of Jiading Qian Daxin, and some places even use the word "unbearable to read", which is regrettable.
Let's take a few examples of the unaltered notes in "Mr. Zhu Ting's Diary". p. 533: "See the Song Tablet "Erya Shu", which has a main text but no annotations, and all are in large characters. Qian Daxin clearly said that what he saw was "EryaShu", how could he be "no neglect"? In fact, his book "has a main text but no notes, and the omission is all in large characters", that is, the so-called single sparse text.
Page 542: "Borrowing the five volumes of Huang Yingpu's "Pingshui New Periodical Rhymes" ... At the end of the volume, there are two lines of ink "Tuji", Yun: "Dade Bingwu republished the "New Ben Pingshui", and zhonghe Xuanwang's house seal. According to "Tuji" and "New Ben Pingshui" are not books, and the title of the book should not be added. The inscription should read "New Edition of Dade Bingwu Reprint, Pingshui and Xuanwang's Residence Seal". Pingshui, or Pingyang, in present-day Linfen, Shanxi, was a publishing center of the Jin Dynasty.
Page 553: "The Seventy Volumes of Song Zhi's Zhang Qi Ji (張耒集), gai is the supervised edition of the Right History Collection. '耒' is mistaken for 'come'. According to the meaning of the text, the jianben should refer to the "Song Zhi", that is, the version of the "Song Shi Yi Wen zhi", and there are engraved copies of the Southern and Northern Kingdoms of the Ming Dynasty. Its text should be "Song Zhi's "Zhang Qi Collection" seventy volumes, gai is the "Right History Collection". The prison '耒' is mistaken for 'come'".
Page 556: "See Song Ben's "Six Thesities of Bai", titled 'New Carved Six Thesities of Bai'. Thirty volumes of the Scriptures are added to the category of events. "The New Carved Bai Clan Six Thesis Class Annotated Out of the Scriptures is a famous Song edition of the book that has been handed down to this day, and the collator has broken the title of the book, which really should not be.
The "Three Unification Techniques", which is included in the eighth volume of the "Diary of Mr. Zhu Ting", is an annotation made by Qian Daxin at the age of 28 for the "Three Unification Techniques" used to calculate and compile the calendar in the "Hanshu Law Chronicle". The astronomical calendar is a specialized study, and the "Three Unification Techniques" is also full of technical terms and calculations, which are not easy to understand at first glance, but it is not difficult to break sentences after understanding its concepts and calculation methods. However, the compiler of this book forcibly broke the punctuation without fully understanding it, and the result was that the book was "unbearable to read". The cause of the error can be summarized as "four unknowns", because there are too many errors to be described, and the following are examples.
The first is the concept of the calendar.
For example, on page 213, "It is the year of Shuodan, and the age of the winter solstice is also", which should be "the age of the Shuodan winter solstice". "Shuodan Winter Solstice" refers to the winter solstice on the first day of the first month. The first day of the calendar set by the three unified calendars coincides with the new day of the first lunar month. This phenomenon, which occurs every 19 years, is called "one chapter", and the first year of each chapter is the "year of the winter solstice".
The lack of understanding of the "chapter" also leads to another misreading. Page 221, "Calendar: The twenty-first of the twenty-third month of may is in close intercourse, one hundred and thirty-five months is crossed, and when the crossing is eclipsed, the sun and moon will be eclipsed at the winter solstice but not the eclipse", and the second half of the sentence should indeed be "When the crossing is eclipsed, the eclipse is exhausted." Although the first day and month of the chapter will be on the winter solstice, it should not be handed over." This means that when the day and the moon run to the "intersection point", the exchange of food will occur. The "beginning of the chapter" means that at the beginning of each chapter, although the starting point of the daily and monthly running cycles coincides at the winter solstice, the "when the delivery" condition is not met, and no solar and lunar eclipses will occur.
The second is the concept of unknown astronomy.
For example, on page 206, the correct reading is "one of the three hundred and sixty-five degrees and four divisions of the day of the week, one degree of the day of the day, thirteen degrees of nineteen degrees of the seventh of the day of the month... One degree is divided into thirty-two degrees, and the fifth degree is one hundred and sixty; one of the four divisions is divided into eight points, and the first degree is one hundred and sixty-eight points."
In the previous sentence of this passage, the "degree" of the sunday is the concept of space, the first "day" refers to the sun, which is the concept of objects, and the second "day" refers to a day, which is the concept of time. The finisher punctuates it as "one day of three hundred and sixty-five degrees and four degrees on a sunday, one degree in a day, and thirteen degrees and nineteen degrees of seven on the first day of the month", a word difference that confuses several concepts. The next sentence is to divide the one degree into 32 points, the fifth degree is 160 points, and the quarter degree is 8 points, so the five and a quarter degree can be reduced to 168 points. The finisher combines "the fifth degree is one of the hundred and sixty-four degrees" into one sentence, so it cannot be read.
Another example is that the five stars of gold, water, fire, earth and wood go around the sun, too close to the sun, the starlight will be obscured by the sunlight, and it cannot be observed on the earth, which is called "volt". Leaving the perihelion region, planets can be seen on Earth, called "sees" (sees). The planet completes a process of seeing volts, called "seeing volts", also referred to as "seeing". Planetary sights appear in the morning, called "morning sights" or "morning sights", and appear at night, called "sunsets" or "sunsets". The two stars of gold and water have "morning see volt" and "sunset see volt", and wood, earth and fire have only "morning see volt". Five-star operation for a week, in general, called "one see volt" or "one see", but because gold and water two stars to go through two "see volts", with "one see" generalization is not accurate, so when said separately, gold, water two stars running a week is called "one complex", meaning a back and forth, wood, earth, fire three stars running a week is still called "one see".
The compilers of the Three Unity Techniques failed to sort out these concepts, causing a large number of errors in punctuation. Here are three examples:
On page 237, "Gold and water see in the morning, lying in the east; sunset, lying in the west", should actually be "gold and water see the ambush in the morning, in the east; sunset sees the volt, in the west".
On the same page, "Those who think that they see the middle of the five stars now, and the qi in the history of the first sight cannot be without residual points", should be "those who think that they see the middle points now, and the five stars can see the qi in the history, and cannot have no residual points".
On page 238, Qian Daxin said in the general note of the "Five Steps" section: "This push down the five stars and one see the techniques of reversal, delay, and ambush." "Five stars at first sight", that is, the cycle of the five planets running "one see" or "one see", "one see complex" is inseparable, and the finisher breaks it into "this push down the five stars one see, the compound, the reverse, the delay, the volt of the technique also".
The third is an unknown mathematical concept.
Ancient mathematics had its own terminology. For example, fractions, division operations, numerators or divisors are called "real", denominators or divisors are called "methods". When calculating, the counting chip is used, and the number of chips in the "real" is enough for a "law", that is, "removal" to get "one". In terms of language, it is usually said that "full XX goes", "surplus XX gets one" or "such as XX and one" and so on.
The compilers of the "Three Unifications" do not know this theory, and have repeatedly made mistakes in the concept and calculation of "reality" and "law".
For example, on page 226, "Multiply the age in the chapter, and see the leap divided into real profits, see the moon law to get one, and the name is called the accumulation of the moon", that is, it should be "multiply the years in the chapter, and see the leap divided into real." Yingmi Moon Fa Get One, known as Ji Yue".
Page 241, "See the Sino-Japanese Method multiplied by three hundred and ninety-eight days... For the Sake of the Dhamma, see the Sino-Japanese Dharma multiplied by thirty-three degrees... For the sake of the positive law, divide the real one hundred and forty-five", and take "positive law" as a word. This sentence should be broken down to read "to... For the law, and with... True. Divide the law by the truth, and get one hundred and forty-five."
Another example is page 259, "And the moon method is the number of the day multiplied by the month and the day, so it is divided into the same path and is like the law of seeing the moon and the day, and the one is the number of the stars seeing the moon and the day and the number of the day and the day of the moon, as the law, counting, the fate day is the same as the pushed star into the middle day." Reading according to this punctuation, I dare to ensure that no one can understand what Qian Daxin said. In fact, this passage means as follows: "And the moon method is also the number of the day law multiplied by the month and the day, so it is divided into the same path, such as seeing the moon and the day and one, which is the number of the stars seeing the moon and the day." With the addition of The Great Yu, as the Law is calculated, the day of destiny, that is, the same as the pushed star into the Middle Day. ”
The fourth is the semantic semantics of unclear words.
P. 192, "Scripture says: 'Winter and October, the sun has eclipses.' "If you don't write a book, the Japanese officials will lose it." The Son of Heaven has a Japanese official, and the princes have a Japanese emperor. The Japanese officials live in the qing to the day, and the japanese emperor does not lose the day, so as to grant a hundred officials to the dynasty."
According to the "Spring and Autumn" transmission, it should be "no book day, the official is lost". "Spring and Autumn" records the eclipse, and as usual, the names of the dry branches are recorded. The eclipse was not named, so it was a dereliction of duty on the part of the officials involved. The collation book may refer to the following "Japanese official" and misunderstood, but "Japanese official" is the official of the Son of Heaven, and the State of Lu, as a princely state, has no Japanese official, only the Japanese Emperor.
P. 193, "Meng Kang said: 'There are twelve chens, and the third of which is the unity of heaven and earth. Lao Tzu says: "Three births and all things" are based on the remaining nine, and the three qi are obtained, but they can be cast." The "Twelve Chens" in addition to the "Three Heavens and Earth People" that can be biochemically self-contained, and the "Nine Chens" are left, so this sentence should actually be punctuated as follows: "Lao Tzu said 'Three Lives and All Things', and it is because the remaining nine chens have obtained three qi that can be cast." ”
The "Three Unification Techniques" in the "Complete Works of Jiading Qian Daxin" (revised version) is only more than 130 pages, and there are about 400 errors in the initial school. In this regard, to borrow Mr. Chen Wenhe's saying that "no mistake is not a book", it can only be said that "there is a mistake and there is no book".
As the most important scholar of the Qianjia school, Qian Daxin's scholarship is the peak of traditional Chinese scholarship, and today, his works need to have a collated version of his achievements and reflect academic progress. The publication and revision of the "Complete Works of Jiading Qian Daxin" has laid the foundation for such a collated version, and it is hoped that the relevant parties can revise it as soon as possible to improve it.
Author: Ai Junchuan, Editor of the Financial Times
Editor: Zhou Junchao