Today's social atmosphere is more and more meticulous and perfunctory, only looking at the present, moral degeneration and corruption of virtue, all touching, not people with a solid foundation of virtue, and few who are not polluted by this social atmosphere. Everyone, the rise and fall of the country depends on whether the social atmosphere is noble or inferior, and if it is popular in this social atmosphere, the future is unimaginable, so there must be outstanding people, leading by example, and trying our best to correct this decadent social atmosphere.
- "The Age of Awakening" by Mr. Cai Yuanpei
"The Age of Awakening", a conscience drama full of feelings and sincerity! As a historical drama, not only is it not boring and heavy, but it is full of blood, bringing countless emotions to the audience; it is also difficult to imagine that the content of those few pages of white paper and black words on the history textbook has really been worth their lives!
The success of this drama not only benefits from the strong foundation of the screenwriter, but also from the blessing of many "old drama bones"! Some netizens shouted directly: "Let you act, did not let you come out of the history books directly." ”
Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University played by Ma Shaohua, is not the protagonist, but like Principal Dumbledore in "Harry Potter", he seems to be the soul of the whole play.
Cai Yuanpei's inaugural speech
Mr. Cai in the play, gentleman Duanfang, polite, in order to invite Chen Duxiu to take care of Maolu; calm in the face of things, not in a hurry, and strive to promote the ideological enlightenment of the students. He was always smiling, spoke softly and humbly, not as grumpy as Chen Duxiu, nor as proud as Gu Hongming.
Every colleague and student has great respect for him and calls him "Mr. Cai", which extends to the TV series, and even when the audience who watches the drama discusses, they also call him "Mr. Cai"!
Mr. Cai's memes
He who has contributed countless memes in the play seems to have no temper, and is a scholar and teacher who can naturally make all kinds of people close to him! A gentle and courteous man of letters.
But if you think that's all Cai Yuanpei is all about, you're wrong!
Although the president of Peking University is an important stop in his life, he is just one of his many bull fork "labels". As a "slash youth" in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, hidden behind this gentle face are two large golden characters printed in his bones - "Cattle Man".
Don't look at the "Age of Awakening" in the "New Youth" introduced the "New Youth" that advocated new ideas to Peking University, and he single-handedly promoted the new cultural movement, but he received a traditional private school education from an early age, learning to do eight strands of literature, and participating in the orthodox imperial examination.
Cai Yuanpei was born in 1968, during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, his father was a money manager, and his family was relatively well-off.
After only a few years of studying at a private school, he showed a "talent for taking the test" that far exceeded that of his peers! Today is a proper school bully genius teenager.
Referring to the 54-year-old celebrity Fan Jin, Cai Yuanpei was admitted to Xiucai at the age of 17 and Zhongju at the age of 23.
In the second year of Zhongju, he entered Beijing to participate in the examination and successfully became a gongshi. Supposedly, he should take the temple exam immediately, but at this time he was already at home, and he did not have time to return to the capital quickly, and missed the next exam. There are several theories about why he failed to take the exam, one is that he did not have confidence in his answer sheet after taking the exam, and felt that he would fall off the list and left first; the other is that at that time, the temple exam required the answer to write the standard pavilion style, and Cai Yuanpei was not good at going home to practice writing.
Pavilion style
However, it didn't matter, with the blessing of the aura of the examination god, two years later, he successfully passed the make-up exam, became a jinshi, entered the Hanlin Academy, and then passed the exam and became a Hanlin Academy editor.
At this point, Cai Yuanpei should be the golden rice bowl in hand! You know, under the ancient imperial examination system, only about three hundred people entered the army in three years. As long as you become a jinshi, even if you are no longer able to cook, you can become a five-pin prefect until you retire, which is roughly equivalent to the current secretary of the municipal party committee. Those who enter the Hanlin Academy have properly entered the central authorities, and after several decades, they have been placed in the local areas as a feudal official, and those who remain in the central government are state-level cadres.
Homemade Cai Yuan Pei Kao Rune
Cai Yuanpei, who was holding a golden rice bowl, was not yet 30 years old at this time.
At this time, when the West was gradually learning from the East, Cai Yuanpei, who watched the country's increasing decay and decay, also began to be interested in Western studies. However, at that time, there were too few ready-made Western books translated into Chinese, and in order to further contact more Western works, Cai Yuanpei began to teach himself foreign languages. First learned Japanese, then German, French, English and Latin, mastering 6 languages, he not only taught himself foreign language works, but also translated these knowledge, to some extent, it is not an exaggeration to say that he is a translator.
According to the expectations of most parents now, if their children can go to this step, the career line in this life is basically complete. But after all, cattle people are cattle people, and there will always be some differences with the public in some universal values.
Because after the failure of the Pengshu reform method, Cai Yuanpei took the initiative to give up his "golden rice bowl".
At that time, China, which was poor and weak, was deeply mired in the quagmire of being divided up by imperialism. Soon after Cai Yuanpei became the editor of the Hanlin Academy, China consumed the entire Beiyang Marine Division in the Sino-Japanese War, and faced a huge indemnity of 200 million taels, and the unequal treaty of cutting off land and Opening up the four cities for trade, the Treaty of Maguan.
Later, Cai Yuanpei witnessed the partition of China, just as Zhang Taiyan wrote on the seventieth birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi:
"Today to Nanyuan, tomorrow to the North Sea, when to go to ancient Chang'an?" Sigh Li Min anointed withered blood, only for one person to sing and celebrate;
Fifty cut Ryukyu, sixty cut Taiwan, and now cut the three eastern provinces, and the pain of Chi County' state is in a good mood. ”
Current situation diagram
Seeing that the country suffered such great difficulties, but the government did nothing, cai Yuanpei completely lost confidence in the late Qing government and stood on the opposite side of the Qing government.
Anyone who knows a little about China's modern history should have heard the name of the Guangfuhui, and even if they don't know the Guangfuhui, they must have heard the names of Qiu Jin and Xu Xilin. They were all patriots of the late Qing Dynasty, they were all members of the Guangfu Society, and Cai Yuanpei was the president of the Guangfu Society.
Cai Yuanpei and the Guangfuhui (paintings)
When he was the president of the Restoration Society, Mr. Cai taught during the day and made poison and studied bombs at night. Looking at the face alone, who can believe that this polite gentleman is actually a killer who makes Qing officials feel frightened?
With the slogan of "Restoring the Han Nationality, Returning Our Mountains and Rivers, Promising the Country with My Body, and Retiring with Meritorious Achievements," the GuangfuHui mainly focused on assassinations and riots in addition to basic written propaganda. Lu Xun and Qiu Jin were both members of the assassination organization.
Cai Yuanpei, as the president, actively studied assassination weapons behind his back. He first absorbed Yu Ziyi, a chemistry teacher at the Patriotic Girls' School, into the society to study the cyanic acid poison, but he also felt that the poison still had to find an opportunity to poison, and it was always not as convenient and fast as a bomb...
He decided to make a bomb, although he did not understand chemistry, but the bully was worthy of the bully, he had to take a copy of "Chemistry" to teach himself, and after many attempts, he made it!
In 1905, the Qing government sent five ministers to investigate abroad, and at the Zhengyangmen station, the revolutionary Wu Fan threw a bomb, which was written by Teacher Cai.
At that time, Chen Duxiu, Zhang Taiyan, Lu Xun and others were all main members of the GuangfuHui, and eventually became an important driving force behind the May Fourth Movement.
Although Cai Yuanpei was educated in traditional private schools from an early age, he was a feminist at the forefront of the times in modern China.
After leaving the Qing government, he embarked on the road of "education to save the country" of running schools in the south. He taught at Nanyang College, initiated the establishment of the Chinese Education Association, and founded the Patriotic Society and the Patriotic Women's School to encourage and support women's enrollment.
Cai Yuanpei, whose identity is that of a teacher in public and the identity of the assassination president behind his back, is very sure of the importance of women in the action, and even feels that women are more hidden and more successful to participate in the action.
After being influenced by Western studies, Cai Yuanpei re-examined the old concepts of male superiority and female inferiority in feudal society, as well as the three from four virtues, three principles and five constants in married life, and thus wrote the "Husband and Wife Convention" that is still of reference significance.
It is mentioned that women should be prohibited from binding their feet, everyone can not follow the concept of the door, marriage and divorce are completely free, husband and wife need to work together, education of children should also be divided by husband and wife, focusing on cultivating children's professional knowledge, self-reliance, self-confidence, etc.
Cai Yuanpei's first wife was married at the behest of her parents and the words of the matchmaker, and she had not even met before marrying her wife, and there was no emotion to speak of, and after the "Husband and Wife Pact" was established, the relationship between husband and wife was eased.
The original wife later fell ill and died, for which he wrote a message of mourning: "Liberal monarchs and hears, but not exempt from vulgarity, the foot of heaven is about to end, the ghost car is gradually broken, russia belongs to the silk, can not bear to hate for life." ”
Later, he wrote a marriage notice for himself, which said something beyond the cognition of the era when feudal thought was deeply rooted:
First, women who do not wrap their feet;
Second, those who must be literate;
3. Men are not allowed to marry concubines;
Fourth, if the husband dies first, then the wife can remarry;
Fifth, if the couple is not compatible, they can divorce.
After the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing government, Cai Yuanpei was invited by Foreign Minister Wang Daxie to become the president of Peking University.
This is the most well-known history of Cai Yuanpei.
The predecessor of Peking University was The Beijing Normal University Hall, which was deboned from the Hanlin Academy. After the Qing government was overthrown and the Republic of China was established, it was renamed Peking University, but the core was still an old-style school, and the students were mainly second-generation officials who came in to mix resumes.
At that time, there was a saying of "two courts and one church", that is, the people who entered and left the eight hutongs (the famous red light district) in Beijing at that time were mainly the people of the Senate, the House of Representatives and the University Hall.
After President Cai entered Peking University, he vigorously gave Peking University a big change of blood - cleaning up a large number of professors with mixed days and the second generation of officials with mixed diplomas. Immediately, he gathered his old acquaintances chen duxiu, Lu Xun, Liu Bannong, Hu Shi and other new-minded literati to bring "New Youth" to Peking University, making this school the forefront of the new cultural movement.
President Cai promoted academic freedom and civilian education, and while introducing new ideas, he did not shy away from arguing with old ideas, and at the same time allowed women to enroll and accepted civilians. Soon the feudal and corrupt academy reform became a modern university armed with all advanced ideas.
Cai Gong in "The Age of Awakening" is gentle and elegant on the surface, but the means of teaching reform and the style of protecting students are quite rigid. You know, after all, before becoming the principal, Principal Cai was a radical revolutionary who engaged in riots and assassinations! Poisons and bombs are all pediatrics, and will you be afraid of a few troublemakers and students, and professors who are messing around?
It is precisely because cai Yuanpei's tough style has resisted most of the political pressure for the New Culture Movement and the May Fourth Movement, which has contributed to the success of the movement.
From the Qing Dynasty to the radical revolutionaries, Cai Yuanpei has stood in various camps in the torrent of the times.
Originally a high-ranking official of the Qing Dynasty, but having seen enough of the late Qing government's style of selling the country and seeking glory, Cai Yuanpei, who took the lead in germinating "saving the country and trying to survive", devoted his life to the exploration of the road to saving the country.
In 1898, Kang Liang began to change the law, although Cai Yuanpei was also dissatisfied with the government, but did not think that the law would be successful. He said: "The Kang Party has failed because it does not first cultivate innovative talents, but wants to seize political power with a small number of people and reject the stubborn, and cannot but see the situation unforgivingly. (Quoted from "The Words and Deeds of Mr. Cai Xiaomin") It can be seen that from this time on, he has realized the importance of cultivating talents.
The Penghu Reform Law failed, and Cai Yuanpei also left the Qing court and began to go south to run schools and devote himself to the revolution. Throughout his life, he also adhered to the concept that the revolution needed to cultivate new talents, which promoted the development of modern education in China.
Cai Yuanpei, who developed education in Shaoxing, also served as the president of the Guangfu Association, superficially engaged in education, behind the scenes, preached revolutionary ideas, and took a very firm stand, that is, to revolutionize and overthrow the decadent Qing government.
In 1905, the GuangfuHui was merged into the League, and Cai Yuanpei became a major member of the League and became the backbone elder of the Kuomintang.
Before the outbreak of the Wuchang Revolution, Cai Yuanpei was still studying abroad and forged newspapers to be sent back to China to create a false atmosphere in which foreign countries supported the Chinese revolution. Immediately after the revolution broke out, he returned to China to support the revolution.
In a letter to Wu Zhihui, he prophesied: "Therefore, He (Yuan Shikai) came out of the mountains with the intention of sabotaging the revolution, and used this to make himself emperor. After the founding of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai did indeed usurp the fruits of the revolution, became the president and wanted to become emperor.
At that time, Cai Yuanpei was appointed as the chief of education in the Republic of China, and after seeing through Yuan Shikai's ambitions, he resigned and left. It was not until 1917 that he was invited by Wang Daxie, the foreign minister of the Beiyang government, to become the president of Peking University and carry out a series of reforms, making Peking University the highest university in China.
In the later period, Cai Yuanpei has always firmly advocated the concept of "education to save the country", visited many famous overseas schools and visited celebrities from all walks of life, such as Einstein, Marie Curie, Tagore, George Bernard Shaw and so on.
Lu Xun George Bernard Shaw Cai Yuanpei
It was not until 1924, when the Kuomintang congress was convened, that Cai Yuanpei was once again invited by Sun Yat-sen to return to China to continue the revolutionary cause.
In 1925, Mr. Nakayama died of illness. In the later period of kuomintang-communist cooperation, Cai Yuanpei was pessimistic about the prospects of cooperation, and in 1927 he cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek to start the Qing Party movement. But the difference between Cai and Chiang Kai-shek at this time was that Cai Yuanpei still advocated workers and peasants as the foundation of the party, while Chiang Kai-shek had already broken away from the mass base. However, the bloody massacre caused by the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup initiated in the name of Cai Yuanpei surprised him, and he repeatedly stressed that no one can be killed according to law, but the matter is no longer under his control.
In 1932, after the "918" incident, Chiang Kai-shek embarked on the counter-revolutionary road of "outside the country must first be at home" and passively resisted Japan. Cai Yuanpei, who was extremely disappointed in him, together with Soong Ching Ling, founded the Chinese Civil Rights Protection League, stood in opposition to Chiang Kai-shek, and embarked on the revolutionary road of opposing Chiang Kai-shek and resisting Japan to protect civil rights.
He has been running for the revolution all his life, and in the vast exploration, he has taken the wrong road and gone through detours, but even the scholar cannot open god's perspective in the process of history and directly choose the most correct path.
He died in Hong Kong on March 5, 1940. In the end, the final victory of the revolution could not be seen.
The American philosopher Dewey once said:
Even if you compare the presidents of universities around the world, as a president, and can lead a university to play a turning point for a nation and an era, I am afraid that I cannot find a second one except Cai Yuanpei.