In 2004, I began to cut out the newspaperS I had read to make newspaper excerpts, and in 1999, the second volume was a re-collection of newspapers from my elementary and junior high school days, and I edited them into volumes.
Review: Political leaders of various countries who have been assassinated for fifty years
On October 27, 1999, Armenian Prime Minister Sargysyan, Speaker of the Parliament Jemir Qiang, two Deputy Speakers of the Parliament and a minister died after being seriously injured in a parliamentary shooting that afternoon.
In the afternoon, members of the Armenian government were attending a hearing in the parliament hall, and several young people, including the Unanian brothers, who had once lived abroad, entered the meeting in the name of journalists and demanded that the parliamentarians turn off their mobile phones and lie on the ground. Unaniyan fanatically announced the coup d'état, arguing with the Prime Minister for a few words and then strafing with an automatic rifle. Suddenly, there was chaos in the hall, terrified parliamentarians fled from the parliament building, and local radio and television stations that were broadcasting the legislative debates of the parliament also interrupted the live broadcast. After the attack, 10 people, including the Prime Minister and the Speaker of Parliament, were injured and fell to the ground, five of whom died that night.
Sargysyan, 40, has served as a member of parliament of the Republic of Armenia since 1990, an adviser to the President on Defence, a minister of defense, elected chairman of the Armenian Republican Party in March 1999, and prime minister since June 11 of the same year. The 67-year-old Djemil Qiang founded and led the Armenian People's Party in June 1998 and was elected president of the Armenian National Assembly on June 10 of the same year.
On the morning of March 23 this year, Paraguayan Vice-President Agania, as usual, got up for a little activity and had breakfast, then got into his car and was accompanied by bodyguards, leaving the house and heading for the presidential palace. The happy personality made the vice president talk and laugh with the bodyguards in the car, and no one in the car expected that death was stepping towards the kind president.
At 8:52 a.m., four masked men in camouflage uniforms suddenly emerged from another car parked on the side of the road, and they aimed at the car where Agania was sitting and fired a grenade. at
Agana's bodyguard had just woken up when the 4 masked men had turned and slipped into the car to escape. Vice President Agania was killed by 10 bullets in the head and chest, and his bodyguard and driver were also seriously injured.
Here, let's look back at history and look at the political leaders of various countries who have been assassinated in the past 50 years.
U.S. President John F. Kennedy
Young and vigorous when the president was assassinated, he was not blind
The 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy, was born in May 1917 in Boston, Massachusetts, to a wealthy family, and when he became president, he was just 43 years old, becoming the youngest president in U.S. history.
As president, Kennedy pursued his "New Frontier" policy on the political front.
During his time in power, he proposed a number of strategies for governing the country, including improving urban housing conditions, developing education, providing good health care for the elderly, opposing racial discrimination, and giving fair rights to blacks.
Just as Kennedy was confidently doing his best to govern his country, misfortune quietly came to him, which greatly surprised the American people, and even more unexpected kennedy himself.
1964 was an election year in the United States, and Kennedy had been turning his attention to seeking re-election since a year earlier. At that time, there was a sharp contradiction between the liberals in the Texas Democratic Party, represented by Abale and the conservatives led by Governor Connery, and Kennedy went to the state on November 22, 1963, in order to mediate the contradictions between the two factions and to gain support for the large southern state in the election campaign. On the same day, when the Kennedys arrived at the right-wing activity center in Dallas, they were warmly received by the Governor Connery and his wife.
Subsequently, the Kennedys and Connerys drove from the airport to the city in a Lincoln-brand convertible car, and along the way they were warmly welcomed by the crowd, and Kennedy asked the driver to stop twice and wave to the crowd on both sides of the road. At noon, as the convoy entered Elm Avenue and reached an 8-story school library building in Texas, Kennedy was suddenly shot by the Assassins, hitting him in the head and neck, as well as Governor Connery, who was in the same car. Kennedy was immediately taken to the nearby Parkland Memorial Hospital for rescue, but due to his injuries, the doctors had no way to return to heaven, and Kennedy hurriedly completed his 46-year life journey. On November 25, Kennedy's body was buried at the Washington National Cemetery.
The assassin who assassinated Kennedy was a 24-year-old young man named Lee Harvey Oswald. He was a former member of the US Marine Corps, known as a "sharpshooter," and lived in the Soviet Union. Oswald suffered setbacks in his personal development and was deeply dissatisfied with political and social realities. On Nov. 25, the Dallas Police Department prepared to escort him to the county jail, however, when he was taken out, a hotel owner named Jack Ruby shot him to death. Immediately after the new president, Lyndon Johnson took office, a special commission of inquiry headed by Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren was appointed to investigate the truth of the incident.
On September 24, 1964, the Commission of Inquiry issued the investigation report, known as the "Warren Report." According to the report, oswald and Ruby were purely individual perpetrators and did not have any political background. However, this report has been doubted and criticized by many people, and some people have even publicly said that if President Kendini knew the contents of this investigation report, his spirit in heaven would never be blind.
President Sadat of Egypt
A series of reforms to seek peace at the military parade site to Huangquan
Former Egyptian President Mohammed Anwar Sadat, the first prominent politician in the Arab world, was born in 1918 in the village of Mat Abu Qum in manufia province of the Nile Delta to the father of an ordinary soldier. Because of his family's poverty and hardships, Sadat has set an ambition from an early age to find a way to make his family live a happy life when he grows up.
Sadat's secondary school years coincided with the great era of the Egyptian people's struggle for national independence. while
Although Egypt gained nominal independence in 1922, it was still a British colony, and the people were still living in dire straits, which made the Egyptian people feel great anger and planted the seeds of hatred in the hearts of the young Sadat.
In 1936, Sadat was admitted to the Egyptian Royal Military Academy and soon joined the Young Egyptian Party. After graduation, he was arrested twice and imprisoned for his involvement in the anti-British struggle. In 1950, Sadat joined the "Free Officers' Organization" led by Nasser and soon became a core member of the organization. On July 23, 1952, Nasser's revolution was a success, finally saving the vast majority of the Egyptian people from British rule. Sadat, on behalf of the Freedom Officers' Organization, made the first statement on radio, declaring to the Egyptian people and the people of the world that Egypt has since been reborn.
Since then, Sadat has gone from being an ordinary officer to a leading member of the ruling "Revolutionary Committee". On September 28, 1970, when President Nasser died of illness, Sadat became president of Egypt and began his presidency. At the beginning of his term of office, he put forward a series of political reforms and economic reform programs in a bold and bold manner, and organized personnel to implement them quickly. Politically, he advocated democracy; economically, he advocated openness; in diplomacy, he pursued a policy of "active neutrality" and "non-alignment," opposed hegemonism, and strove to break the situation of "no war and no peace" in the Middle East in order to seek a peaceful solution to the Middle East problem. The implementation of these policies has enabled Egypt to rapidly improve its international status. In particular, the realization of peace in Egypt has eliminated a major hidden danger for the Middle East region and contributed to world peace.
But Sadat's actions caused a fierce struggle in the Arab world. angstrom
And the domestic opposition forces also took the opportunity to start activities, hoping to overthrow sadat's government and plotting to assassinate sadat.
On October 6, 1981, when President Sadat attended a grand military parade held in the eastern suburbs of cairo to celebrate the 8th anniversary of egypt's October War, four religious extremists posing as soldiers fired wildly at the rostrum with submachine guns. In this way, egypt's outstanding nationalist leader sacrificed his precious life to defend national independence and safeguard national sovereignty. The remains of President Sadat are placed under the Monument to the Unknown Soldier who died in the October war.
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
Struggling to regain the throne, he died tragically at the hands of the guards
Just after 9 a.m. on October 31, 1984, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi left her apartment in New Delhi as usual. Walk to the office in the South District of the City Hall. Suddenly, two of her guards aimed their submachine guns at her, and with a burst of gunfire, 8 bullets shot mercilessly into Indira Gandhi's abdomen and chest. At the same time, another guard also shot at her with a revolver in his hand. At the moment when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi fell to the ground, two other guards rushed up and returned fire on the murderer, killing two people and capturing one.
Upon interrogation, all three murderers were Sikhs. Indira Gandhi, a politician who had inherited her father's career and fought for India's independence all her life and one of the leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement, was immediately rushed to hospital for emergency treatment, and eventually failed to open her eyes and left the world she loved forever.
Indira Gandhi was born in 1917 in the famous city of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, India, where her grandfather, Pandit Montirar Nehru, was a prominent lawyer who served as president of the Congress Party.
Indira Gandhi was born in the Anand Palace, which her grandfather had built with the proceeds from winning a lawsuit. Her father, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, was a prominent Congress leader who fought against British colonialism and served as India's first prime minister after independence. As a result of his family, Indira Gandhi had a strong nationalist spirit from an early age.
When she was 12 years old, she organized a group of children to form a "monkey team" to bring water and cook for the Congress party, post slogans, and pass on information. In 1938, at the age of 21, Indira Gandhi joined the Congress Party and was later imprisoned for anti-British activities.
After India's independence in 1947, she became the private secretary of her father, Prime Minister Nehru, and accompanied her father on visits to China, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, etc., and also participated in the famous Bandung Conference, where she met with Premier Zhou, Nasser, Sukarno and other internationally renowned figures. In 1959, she was elected president of the Congress Party. In the following years, she served as Minister of Information and Broadcasting, and in 1966 she became head of the Congress parliamentary caucus and Prime Minister of India. In 1969, the Congress split. Two years later, the ruling faction, led by Indira Gandhi, won the national election, and Indira Gandhi became prime minister. But by 1977, for a variety of reasons, Indira Gandhi was temporarily withdrawing from politics.
Three years later, Indira Gandhi made a comeback and returned to the Prime Minister's throne, giving her another opportunity to continue her statecraft. However, the domestic situation at this time is very different from that of three years ago, the contradictions between religion and ethnicity in the country are very acute, and there have been many bloody conflicts between the government and the Sikhs. In June 1984, the government sent troops to capture the Sikh Golden Temple, further exacerbating the contradictions. Just four months after the incident, Indira Gandhi died at the hands of Sikh guards.
Prime Minister of Sweden Olof Palme
Life is no different from ordinary people watching a movie and returning to the west
Olof Palme was born on 30 January 1927 into an ordinary family in Stockholm, Sweden. He was bright and studious from an early age, and his grades in elementary and secondary school were consistently at the top of the grade. After graduating from high school, he went to the United States to study, received a bachelor's degree in arts, returned to China, and soon entered a university for further study. A few years later, he received a master's degree in law, which undoubtedly laid a solid foundation for his future political career.
In 1969, Palme was elected president of the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party and won the election to become the youngest prime minister in Europe. He was re-elected and led three Terms of social democratic government until he lost his election in 1976. In 1982, Palme made a comeback as Prime Minister of Sweden and was re-elected in the 1985 national elections.
During his administration, Palme took a series of reform measures to develop the Swedish economy, stabilize social security, improve social welfare and people's living standards, and thus enjoyed a special high reputation among the Swedish people. As a result, Sweden has been called a "welfare state" by other countries and has become a target for some countries in Western Europe.
At the same time, Palme was an internationally renowned politician and social activist. During his administration, he advocated that Sweden "unswervingly pursue a policy of non-alignment and neutrality" in order to ensure "the inviolability of Sweden's territory." He opposed racial discrimination, condemned violence and supported the struggle of third world countries and peoples for independence. He has long campaigned for world peace and won the praise of the peace-loving people of the world. In November 1985, Prime Minister Palme was awarded the Peace Prize of the United Nations Association of Spain and became a messenger of peace on the world political stage.
Although Palme is the prime minister of the country and a very big "official", he does not have a little official "shelf", he always "wants to live an ordinary life", so his dress is very simple, his attitude is amiable, he often serves private visits, and is deeply respected and loved by the Swedish people. With the exception of official overseas visits or particularly important state affairs, Prime Minister Palme rarely brings an entourage and security personnel. He was proud and proud of Sweden's long-standing prosperity and peace.
However, just as Palme's career was booming, tragedy struck.
On February 38, 1986, after a busy day of official work, Palme let the bodyguards go home to rest as usual, and then after returning home for dinner, he went to the cinema with his wife and son who came home to watch the film "The Mozart Brothers". At about 11 o'clock in the evening, the movie ended, and the Palme couple said goodbye to their son and prepared to take the subway home. On the way, a stranger caught up from behind and raised a gun at Prime Minister Palme less than two metres away. Palme was shot twice in the first line, and although he was urgently rescued by the hospital, he was seriously injured, and the prime minister, who had been in power for 11 years, died in the early morning of the next day at the age of 58.
The world was shocked by the bad news, and the Swedish people were even more grief-stricken, and they spontaneously held various mourning activities to commemorate the respected and beloved leader of the country. Sweden had not been assassinated in the last 200 years, and had not been involved in a war since 1814. Now that terrorist assassinations have taken place in the "land of peace," how can people not grieve and mourn?
Prime Minister rajiv Gandhi of India
In the year of Li Zhi, he entered the political arena to participate in the rally and was assassinated
Rajiv Gandhi was the eldest son of Indira Gandhi and was born in 1944. Since he was born into a political family, his parents hoped that he would be able to work in the official arena in the future. In his youth, however, Rajiv Gandhi had no interest in politics, but only his own expertise. In 1962, he went to Cambridge University in the United Kingdom to study mechanical engineering, and after returning to China, he worked as a civil aviation aircraft pilot at Air India, and paid no attention to politics. In 1968, he married Sonia, an Italian girl he met while studying in England, and had a son and a daughter.
Since then, he has been completely immersed in his profession and happy family life, and he is even less interested in politics and never asks questions at home.
In June 1980, his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi died in a plane crash during an air show.
Indira Gandhi was devastated. After losing his second son, who was the leader of the Congress Youth Movement, he tried to persuade his eldest son, Rajiv Gandhi, to devote himself to politics in order to inherit the cause of his ancestors.
At first, Rajiv Gandhi always refused, but under the persuasion of his mother many times, he really did not want to make his mother sad anymore, so he had to agree with a "try it" attitude. On May 11, 1981, Rajiv Gandhi became a member of the Congress Party and officially stepped into the political arena, which may be a "halfway out of the house" for Rajiv Gandhi. On October 31, 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated, and Rajiv Gandhi, who had just turned 40, was elected prime minister by the ruling Congress Party and walked into the office where his mother had worked.
After Rajiv Gandhi came to power, he put forward the idea of "rejuvenating the country through science and education", saying that "computers should be used to lead India to the 21st century." He encouraged the participation of experts and professional technicians in government management, emphasizing the peaceful resolution of ethnic and sectarian conflicts in the country through dialogue. In foreign policy, Rajiv-Gandhi attached importance to improving relations with its neighbors, which led to the establishment of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
However, just as he was unfolding his grand scheme, a tragedy was approaching him step by step. On May 21, 1991, Rajiv Gandhi came to Madras, the capital of Tamil Nadu in southern India. After dinner, Rajiv Gandhi drove to Sridunlunbdur, 40 kilometres from Madras, to attend a campaign rally there. When he reached his destination, got out of the car and walked to the podium, surrounded by cheering crowds, one after another who presented flowers to him and wore garlands for him. Suddenly, a violent explosion sounded in front of him, and the smoke rose in an instant, and Rajiv Gandhi and 12 other people fell in a pool of blood, killing them immediately and injuring dozens more.
Rajiv Gandhi's killer was a local middle-aged woman who had planned to do so with explosives strapped to her body. When she came to the Prime Minister, she bent down to perform the foot salute and detonated the bomb.
When this "halfway out of the family" politician first entered the political arena, he would never have imagined that his fate would be so similar to that of his mother, and that his spirit in heaven might regret his choice to initially enter the political arena.
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
The cause is not completed, and the last words are only four words
Yitzhak Rabin was born on March 1, 1922, to a left-wing Zionist aristocratic family in Jerusalem. He was bright and studious since childhood, and when he graduated from high school, Rabin, who wanted to be an agricultural scientist, ignored the persuasion of his parents and applied for the Israel Agricultural Technical School, and after graduation, he went to the University of Miami in the United States for further study. After completing his studies, he thought he could play a great role in agricultural production and agricultural innovation in his country, but the gunfire of the Second World War shattered his dream, so that he had to abandon agriculture and join the army and devote himself to the struggle against fascism in Syria. Because of his bravery and good fighting, he made many meritorious achievements, so he was enthusiastically called "General Rabin" by the officers and men. During the First Middle East War in May 1948, at the age of 26, Rabin became brigade commander of the Army Brigade. In 1964, he was promoted to Chief of Staff of the Three Armed Forces of Israel. By the time the Third Middle East War broke out in 1967, he had become the main organizer and commander of the Israeli army.
A 27-year military career has enabled Rabin to develop a straightforward, courageous and pragmatic character, coupled with his bravery and outstanding achievements in combat, which is highly supported by people. In 1968, he retired from the military and entered politics, and began to run for Arab-Israeli reconciliation. In 1974, he became leader of the Israeli Labor Party and prime minister of the government, but left the prime minister's office for many reasons. In 1992, Rabin was once again appointed Labour Leader and Prime Minister. During his administration, he resolutely opposed the policy of "not giving up every inch of land" to the Arabs, which he had always advocated at home, and advocated "exchanging land for peace, and made breakthrough progress in its implementation.
However, just as Rabin was further calling for peace in the Middle East and implementing his peace claims, an unfortunate disaster approached him.
On November 4, 1995, 72-year-old Prime Minister Rabin traveled to Tel Aviv to attend a grand peace rally attended by more than 100,000 people and delivered an impassioned speech.
After the speech, Rabin walked to his car amid cheers and applause from the crowd, ready to leave the venue in his car. Suddenly, a 27-year-old Jewish youth named Amir rushed over and fired three shots at the unsuspecting Rabin. On his way to the hospital, Rabin murmured to his entourage, "This is not terrible, this is not terrible." After saying that, he lowered his head, went to the hospital without saying a word, and hurriedly completed his life journey. No one expected that the words "this is not terrible" would become the premier's last words.
The news of Rabin's assassination brought great grief to the 5 million people of Israel and the shock to the nations of the world. At the critical stage of the breakthrough progress in the Middle East peace process, which has attracted worldwide attention, a warrior who has spared no effort to fight for it has suddenly been lost. UN General Assembly President Doammaral praised Rabin as a "martyr of peace" who dedicated his life to achieving lasting peace in the Middle East.