The diaries written by Li Ciming, Weng Tonggong, Wang Minyun, and Ye Changchi are all related to the decades of dynasties and the people's hearts, so they are known as the "four major diaries" of the late Qing Dynasty. Among them, the publication of Li's "Diary of Yue Man Tang" is the most tortuous, and the readers have the most discredited books. In my opinion, Hu Shi's evaluation is the most general and fair. He affirmed that Lee's long-term insistence on writing diaries, most of the reading notes were good, and the major current events contained in them could be supplemented by historical biographies. Hu's language is simple, and it is evidenced by it.
One
Li Ciming (1830~1894) began to write a diary from the fourth year of Qing Xianfeng (1854) and remained like a day for more than 40 years. If it is interrupted for any reason, it will be recorded in advance and it will be made up in detail. On the seventh day of the first month of December in the eleventh year of Tongzhi, "since the previous month the school was very busy, and there was no time to write a diary, all of them were copied from the residence of hastily written, and today it was supplemented from the fourth day of the first month of the previous month." On the eighth day of the first month, "supplementary diary". On the ninth day of the first month, "the diary of the previous month was recorded". On the twelfth day, "The supplement is the monthly diary." Some also make up for their diaries by reminiscing, and they can't help but be in a trance. On June 24, the fourteenth year of Guangxu, "Yes, write a diary from January, Bido seems to be unable to remember it all." From time to time, Lee checked the old diaries and embellished them. On November 28, the sixth year of Tongzhi, he "read the old diary all day and changed it slightly." On April 24, the seventh year of Tongzhi, he "occasionally read the old diaries, many of which were flawed." On the sixth day of the first month of February of the second year of Guangxu, "the occasional examination of Gengshen's diary was erased, because he scribbled away all the angry and joking words in it." Ershi is more than a bandit, like to write and ink, recently occasionally read, sweating, deeply ashamed to know the late. Lee also paid close attention to the preservation of the diary. On December 15, the thirteenth year of Tongzhi, "bound the diary of Yi Ugly so far, a total of fifteen volumes, divided into two letters, and today's markings and signatures are quite exquisite." His entire diary, of which 72 volumes, is divided into 8 letters and another half. For details, see The Beiping Library Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 5, wang Chongmin's "Examination of Mr. Li Yueman's Writings".
The publication of the "Diary of Yue Man Tang" has gone through several twists and turns. First the manuscript was passed on, and then it was published in the journal section. Until the ninth year of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei and other managers carved stone photocopying of the 2nd to 7th letters, where 51 volumes. The spin was still handled by Cai et al., and the first letter was reprinted, which was 13 volumes. In the past, the academic community knew that the "Diary of Yuemantang" consisted of 64 volumes, which is the total of these two lithographics. As for the eighth letter and 8 volumes, they were discovered and photocopied in recent years.
Lee often gave his diary a friendly read. As on October 15 of the ninth year of the reign, "make a film to the grandson, and return the diary". In April of the tenth year of Tongzhi, he "wrote a book to Zhou Yunchen, using two volumes of his diary in recent years" to do so. On the eighth day of the first month of June, "Zhang Muchen came to worship and returned with a diary." On October 25, "get Zhu Dingfu's book and borrow a diary." "Compose a book to restore Dingfu, and use it to diary four volumes". On the tenth day of the first month of October in the fourth year of Guangxu, "Debo Yin Shilang Shu, Hui Yin Twelve, yan saw the diary yesterday, knew that it was lacking, so it was re-divided, and even felt it." Bo Yin, Pan Zuyin. It can be seen that before Li's death, many people have seen Li's diary.
After Li Ciming's death, Wen Tingshi saw his "Diary". "Smelling the Dust Puppet" Yun: "Li Shuke thought that when he was in the Tianjin Academy, when he was an official, Yu Hefei did not dare to say a word. Looking at his diary, right and wrong are also upside down, and even the literati must not be careless! However, the cockroach has a narrow disposition, so he must have no major mistakes in his life, and he must be far more than the king of the dance text. Xu Yishi, who was good at talking about the past, led to the article "Li Ciming and Wang Minyun". According to the "Yishi Draft", "Tingshi tried to copy Ciming's diary, and added recognition to the clouds."
After the Xinhai Revolution, Li's "Diary" was published in some periodical excerpts. Wang Chongmin's "Examination of mr. Li Yueman's Writings" is one of the 2 volumes of the "Yuemantang Ribao" and the "Ancient Studies Journal". Wang Shiyun: "The Shaoxing Bulletin, the Literary and Art Magazine, and the Chinese Journal have been published one after another, but only a few pages or dozens of pages, all of which are not as numerous as the Ancient Studies Journal. More than a dozen of its beginnings are not found in the printed "Diary", and are suspected to be recorded in the half-volume of Shen Yuemin's collection. The Journal of China published Li's "Diary", which was highly valued by Shilin. "Lu Xun's Diary": On December 28 of the first year of the Republic of China, "went to Liuli Factory to purchase the first volume of the second issue of the Journal of China, four corners. There is no good text in the newspaper, but because it has the "Diary of Yueman", it is bought and stored. "Yifeng Tang Youpeng Shuzha" wu changshou to Miao Chuan Sun Shu (60) Yun: "Recently published in the "Chinese Journal", do I see it? If desired, it can be purchased for presentation. Note: "The Diary of Yue Man is different, but there are also repetitions. ”
Miao Quansun asked Cai Yuanpei and others to ask Li's descendants for the full manuscript of the Diary. And proposed excerpts for publication. The book on Yuan Pei to Miao Shuyun: "In the diary of Mr. Yue Man, Shen Zipei and Fan Yunmen and the two kings had all tried to serve as Fu Zi, but the two dukes did not have time to do this when they were powerful, and now they want to stop thinking about it." Mr. Li intends to imitate the example of "Bamboo Ting Diary Banknote", excerpts published, good can be admired. Brother Li Shi is still in his hometown, Rong Ji wrote a letter to go to Shanghai, the tribute left and right, if it can spread to the world, then Mr. Praise the dead friend, the hospitality of the later learning, the admirer is Du Yuanpei and Li Shi Brother! According to Cai Yuanpei's Self-Report, a year before Li Ciming's death, he was a teacher in Li's Jingyu. He was a student of the Cai clan, namely "Brother Li Shi" in the letter. However, this was not achieved. The Yifeng Tang Friends And Friends Book Collection also compiled Wu Chongxi to Miao Tsuen Sun Shu (10) Yun: "Four volumes of the Diary of a Shuke were sent. This is the surviving copy of the Sun clan, the Sun clan has no one, but yu Nei's relatives are in Min, and they are not willing to shoot, so they fake it. The Fang family managed Dong Chengshu, and even the grand event was also. Fan Shan should also be interrogated by Gu Yi in the letter from the family. "Fan Zengxiang, the word Cloud Gate, the number Fan Shan." Also the deceased of the Lee clan. Some people around Miao Shi also saw part of The Diary of Lee. In the same book, Wang Bing'en wrote to Miao Tsuen Sun Shu (5) Yun: "The Diary of Elder Shu is close to Liu Si. Reading it now, the scholarship is pure, the discussion is plain, and it is different from what is heard. Public for publication, very event also. "But it was never published." Liu Si", which seems to refer to Liu Tizhi, the fourth son of Liu Bingzhang.
Until the eighth and ninth years of the Republic of China, cai yuanpei, Zhang Yuanji, etc., carved stone photocopying, in accordance with Li's last wishes, first printed Tongzhi 2 to 15 years of Guangxu, 51 volumes, 6 letters. Its details can be found in the Diary of Zhang Yuanji. On June 30, 1988, "Meet Li Bichen and hand over eight volumes of the Diary of Yue Man Tang" to him. Bi Chen, Ci Ming nephew. On August 30, "in the morning, Hekuo yu micai handed over six letters of the "Diary of Yue Man Tang", and Li Yue Man took a picture of it, and handed over the sword to save it." Hexiao, Cai Yuanpei. Xia Jingguan, Zi Jian cheng, Shi Zuo Zhang presided over the Shanghai Commercial Press. On January 30, the ninth year of the Republic of China, "Crane Replied to the Letter, and the Origin of the Diary of Yue Man Tang can be changed." On March 6, "Cui Kuo wrote a letter saying that Xu Jidi of Jiangxi Province had purchased twenty copies of the Diary of Yue Man Tang" (越宛堂 Diaries). Xu ShouShou, the word Ji Di. On July 20, "About Xie Yantang, Zhai Mengju, and Ji Chen informed that the Diary of Yue Man Tang was not refined, but those that did not match the original book should be slightly modified." The above is a brief introduction to the delivery, pre-sale, and printing of the book. After the publication of this book, it circulated among cultural people. "Diary of Zheng Xiaoxu": Xin You(10th year of the Republic of China) on the fifth day of the first month of June, "read the Diary of Li Shuke". On the eighth day of the first month, "Yang Shoutong sent the "Diary of Yue Man Tang" again, and all six sets were Chen Xiaoshi objects, and Yang borrowed them and borrowed them again." These 6 sets are the first letters 2 to 7 to be published.
For the first letter of the "Diary", Cai Shi planned to sort it out and print it according to Li Shi's wishes, and after listening to Qian Xuantong's advice, he also engraved the original manuscript in stone photocopying so as not to shelve it. Huang Mao's "Flower Suiren Sacred Nunnery Reminiscences Supplement" Yun: "The Diary of Yuemantang, recently there are thirteen supplementary copies, and the "Diary of a Sage" is hidden outside the Shefan Mountain, and it is known in the world. "This has been the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China.
Two
Hu Shi was also one of the first to read the Diary of Yue Man Tang. "Hu Shi's Diary": April 27, 10th year of the Republic of China, "Look at the third volume of Li Ciming's "Diary of Yue Man Tang". This book is also an important reason why I have to revisit my diary. "May 4th," said the afternoon, in the afternoon, for a special diary. The diary is really time-consuming. Diaries from ancient times to the present, such as Li Ciming's "Diary of Yue Man Tang", are really not easy. No wonder there are so few people who keep a diary for a long time. "July 26, 11th year of the Republic of China," read "Li Ciming's Diary" during his illness for several days, and felt that this book was of high value. Most of his reading notes are good. He also recorded that there are many places to make up history, such as page 41 and below 39, the collapse of the Fukang Silver On November 6, 99th of Guangxu, the history of Hu Guangyong, the narrator, and the loss of the deposits of Ministers such as Prince Gong Yi and Wen Yu. Hu Shi's criticism of the "Diary of Yue Man Tang" is thought-provoking.
It was already the eve of the outbreak of the Sino-French War. The Run on the Fukang incident was precisely the spark caused by the invasion of the great powers and the intertwining of internal affairs and corruption. People of insight can henceforth appreciate the depth of China's national crisis. Hu Shi did not quote the relevant full text of the "Diary of Yue Man Tang", which is hereby supplemented:
The seventh day of november in the ninth year of Guangxu: Yesterday, the Fukang Qianpu set up by Hu Guangyong, a Hangman, suddenly closed. The Light Warrior, the Great Hero of the Southeast, befriended the Western Zhuyi. The silver borrowed by the state is known as the "foreign money", and its interest is very heavy, and it is all the glory of the Lord. Zuo Xiangyin's Western Expeditionary Army salaries all relied on Guang Yong to handle it. The provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang have great battles, great relief, and non-instructional guangyong, and Ruofuke lifts. Therefore, the peddlers are humble and erected, the officials are to the envoys, the ranks are worn to the top of the head, the clothes are worn to the yellow coat, and the royal books are rewarded. The camp mansion is located in Hangzhou City, and even the number of squares, all of which are forbidden, and they are repeatedly destroyed and built by participating in the Western Law. Hundreds of good and lowly women were robbed. It is also quite a small favor, setting up a medicine shop, setting up a good bureau, giving coffin clothes, and making porridge. When there is a small profit to bait the doctor, the hangshi doctor respects him like a father, and there is Hanlin and is called a protégé. Its restaurants are located in the north and south. The number of Fukang, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Ningbo are all available, and its access is tens of millions. The rich in the capital, from the princes below the battle for heavy gifts for a strange win. At the dawn of the day before yesterday, the telegram from Tianjin suddenly said that there was a deficit in the south, and everyone heard about it, and they competed to get the senders, but they could not respond for a while, and they collapsed in the middle of the night, and they were robbed. Wen Gongdi, Wen Xieyi, etc. have all read more than one million. There are also hundreds of gold trusts for the sons and mothers of the living to die together. Today, I heard that the "four great constants" of the inner city, the General Association of The Merchant Goods Breeding, in the name of Fukang, were also squeezed out. This is also the change of the city!
Check the "Diary of Weng Tonggong" Yun: On the sixth day of the first month of November in the ninth year of Guangxu, "Kyoto Fukang Silver, Dajia Ye, closed the door last night, its ticket deposit is incalculable, and the Yuantong Guan Congee donation of 6,000 taels is also included, so why not!" Compared with the two "Diaries", It is obvious that Li is superior to Weng and dares to expose the shortcomings of the times.
In the bankruptcy case of Hu Guangyong, the Qing court ordered Liu Bingzhang, the governor of Zhejiang, to be responsible for the liquidation and divide his property to repay the debts. The "Different Dictionary" written by The Son of Bingzhang, Ti Zhi, is quite a trace of the inside story of this matter. The quotation of this verse is corroborated by the Diary of Yue Man Tang. "Guang Yong Zi Xue Yan, Hang Zhi Ren and Ren. The Jiangnan camp was besieged in Jinling, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang were full of uneasiness and roads were blocked. Guang Yong won in the meantime, so that the price of silver was heavy and heavy, and he became rich. From Su Fan to Zhejiang Province, Wang Zhuangfu relied on him to pay for it and received the camp without hardship. Zuo Wenxiang went to Zhejiang, and when he first heard the slander, he wanted to sin against him. Great appreciation at first sight, military supplies, one at a time. The Battle of the Western Expedition was occasionally lacking, and it borrowed foreign debt, especially not Guang YongFuke. The Case of Di JingBao, the Reward of the Head Pin Ling, the Three Generations of Sealing Ceremonies, like a prominent eunuch, the special reward for the title of political secretary, the reward of the yellow coat, especially the number of outliers. Guang Yong used the official money turnover to open a Fukang money store, and his sub-stores were all over the north and south, and his rich name shocked inside and outside, and Jin thought that Tao Zhu and Yi Dun were the like. Officials and businessmen send money on a large amount of money, and they are often tens of thousands, which is particularly strong enough to strengthen their momentum. Jiangsu and Zhejiang silk cocoon, to the export of bulk, Yi shang control, incompetent and competitive. Guang Yong has monopolized the oddity with the strength of one person, and the market value has risen and fallen, and foreign countries cannot manipulate it. Farmers are salty and lily. The national treasury is deposed from time to time, often with or without it, and it is quite arrogant to think that it is a quick and urgent plan. But "it wasn't long before Guang Yong was heard of bankruptcy." First of all, the military supplies outside the Guanwai, the Salty Passage of Guangyong. In the same light era, the world's transportation was not as good as it is now, and it could not be translated, and every foreign affair was lost; and the sea and land transportation rights were lost for a long time, he could come, I could not go, the goods were piled up, as soon as there was decay, they lost their money, so they had to sell cheaply, which was called 'auction' in Spanish. Embarrassment was revealed. Shanghai Daoshao Xiaocun observed that there was a salary that should be paid, but Jin did not give it, and Guang Yong was impatient. The wind is blowing, and depositors are gathering in waves, supporting the unbridled closure of the day. Therefore, Shi Wenyu, a co-founder of the university with huge deposits, and others have intervened one after another, asking Liu Bingzhang for entrustment and asking Hu Guangyong's property as compensation. As a result, Wen Yu obtained half of Hu Qingyu's medicine store, which was a piece of fat meat. However, according to the "Different Dictionaries", a group of monks with feet saved 500 silver dollars in the canons opened by the Hu clan in Hangzhou, and after a bitter request, they only got some women's clothes and discounted them. The monk wept bitterly and went away. It can be seen from this that the collapse of the Fukang further exposed the corrupt government at that time. One thing pulls the big picture. The "Diary of Yue Man Tang" records many current events and politics, such as Yang Naiwu's unjust imprisonment reversal, etc., while Hu Shi cites si cases alone, saying that he can supplement the history of the legend and have enough insight.
Li Ciming studied diligently all his life, dabbled in four parts, and left more knowledge. JinLiang's "Guapu Series Narrative" contains the "Bibliography of Yuemantang", which refers to tasting more than 800 kinds of Li's testament in his descendants, indicating more than 90 kinds of hand-proofed books, more than 100 kinds of hand-approved books, more than 50 kinds of hand-written books, 5 kinds of hand-ordered notebooks, 5 kinds of hand-copied supplements, and 1 kind of proofreading and errata. These reading experiences are excerpted from the Diary of Yue Man Tang, but it is inevitable that yu flaws will be seen at the same time, and the former sages will correct Li Shi's mistakes. For example, Tang Shi Daoshi, the word Xuan Yun, to avoid Emperor Taizong (Li Shimin) secret, to line the line. "The Biography of the High Monk of the Song Dynasty begins to be restored to the Taoist world, and the origin of its title is Yan. The sixteen volumes of the "Diary of Yue Man Tang" are called the name of 'Dao Shi', which does not avoid the secret of Emperor Taizong, and is incomprehensible, and Gai has not seen the "Biography of a High Monk of Song" also. See The Complete Works of Mr. Chen Yuan'an, Vol. 9, Introduction to the History of Chinese Buddhism, Vol. 3, Fayuan Zhulin. Another example is that the bookseller used Wen Bing's "Case of A and B" to print Gu Yanwu's "Sacred An Benji", although there is a big difference between the two, but Li Ciming could not distinguish it, mistakenly believing that the former was the work of Gu Yanwu's youth, and still did not get rid of the scholarly spirit of the Ming people, and wrote it into the "Diary of Yue Man Tang". See the "Manuscript "Case of A and B" compiled in the Collected Writings of Mr. Zhu Xizu (VI). Therefore, Hu Shi said that most of the reading notes recorded in the "Diary" are good and leave room for it, which is true.