Cai Yuanpei, who is amazingly talented, is not outstanding in appearance.
When the youth was not in his first year, Cai Yuanpei studied scriptures with Su Ru, Wang Zuo.
Wang Zuo's younger sister, named Huiru, who knows the book and can read Cai Yuanpei's articles, is full of admiration, and always praises her talent in front of her mother, and her daughter's mind mother certainly understands.
However, the Queen Mother felt that the Cai family was cold, and then felt that Cai Yuanpei was thin and not a lifespan, so she did not want her daughter to marry him.
Cai Yuanpei likes to use ancient characters when writing articles, and mostly uses Zhou Qin allusions, and the article is ancient, which is called "strange eight shares" by friends.
When Cai participated in the Zhejiang township examination, fortunately, he met the chief examiner Li Wentian, who greatly appreciated Cai's articles, and Cai Dezhong, in the second year, entered Beijing to participate in the examination, and when he returned, he submitted the text he had made to the teacher for reading.
Li Wentian looked at it and sighed at Cai's confusion, he felt that Cai's article was not suitable for the examination, and the title of the gold list was probably hopeless.
Cai listened to the teacher's words and was very discouraged, so he left Beijing and went south, but unexpectedly went to high school.
Because he had left Beijing, he could not participate in the temple examination until the next subject, and he won the jinshi and ordered Hanlin.
The news reached Wang's mansion, and Wang Huiru was extremely happy.
The Queen Mother also changed her attitude and instructed Wang Zuo to hire someone to be a matchmaker, but cai Yuanpei was already engaged at this time, and the Queen Mother was annoyed.
Wang Huiru was depressed and died soon after.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >01, run-in marriage</h1>
Cai Yuanpei had three marriages in his life, and the first wife, Wang Zhao, was an old-fashioned woman, and the two had never met before marriage.
In 1889, the 21-year-old Cai Yuanpei married Wang Zhao, who was a year older than him.
Wang Zhao has a habit of cleanliness, a frugal life, and an indifferent personality; Cai Yuanpei is bold and informal, so after marriage, the two sometimes quarrel, and Cai has been seeking fame outside, the two gather less and leave more, and the feelings are not harmonious.
After nearly ten years of running-in, Cai Yuanpei and his wife slowly found a sense of conjugal life.
In 1900, cai yuanpei was influenced by Western ideas and began to advocate equality between men and women, and he wrote the "Husband and Wife Convention", readjusting the relationship with Wang Zhao and repairing the emotional rift.
At this point, the marriage of the Cai couple gradually entered a good situation, and Cai told his friend: "The love of the two is regarded as a new marriage."
Wang Zhao has always called Cai Yuanpei "Old Master" and called himself "Slave Family".
Cai was extremely unaccustomed to this old-fashioned title, and said to her: "You can't call her 'old master' in the future, and you can't call her 'slave family' anymore.
Wang Zhao meekly replied, "Alas, the slave family is used to it, and they can't always change it." ”
After the failure of the Pengshu Reform Law, Cai Yuanpei resolutely abandoned his post and returned to Shaoxing with his family to take the road of "education to save the country".
Wang Zhao, who returned to his hometown, suffered from liver disease, and often had a low-grade fever for half a year, and he was sleepy in the afternoon every day, and his mouth was often thirsty, but he vomited immediately after drinking water.
However, Cai Yuanpei was busy running a school and could not often accompany Wang Zhao.
Cai Yuanpei went to Jiaxing to discuss, and suddenly received the news that Wang Zhao was seriously ill, and he did not care about eating lunch, so he rushed to his home to ask for medical treatment.
After the medicine was fried, Wang Zhao could only drink two or three sips, and after drinking more, he began to vomit, still drowsy all day.
On June 5, 1900, Cai Yuanpei sent his third brother to ask for a doctor to see if Wang Zhao woke up from time to time.
In the evening, before the doctor had been invited, the maid came into the room and asked Wang Zhao if he wanted to drink water, calling her a few times that she should not, and reaching out to probe her nose.
Cai Yuanpei rushed to the bed to stroke his pulse, and his pulse was already moving slightly.
By the time the doctor arrived, Wang Zhaomai had calmed down and was only 35 years old.
After Wang Zhao's death, Cai Yuanpei, who was deeply saddened, wrote a tribute full of affection, praising Wang Zhao for having "superworldly knowledge and strength and integrity", and said with great remorse: "I knew that Jun jun was terminally ill, and when he was screened, he always kept it." Has it been ten years since Rin forgot his love for Nelje? ”
When Wang Zhao died, Cai Yuanpei had just turned 34 years old.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >02, the help of education</h1>
After the death of his wife Wang Zhao, there was an endless stream of matchmakers who came to the door to propose to him.
Cai was overwhelmed and posted a marriage notice on the study wall, proposing the conditions for choosing a mate:
(1) Those with heavenly feet;
(b) literate persons;
(3) Men are not allowed to marry concubines;
(4) When the husband and wife disagree, the contract may be terminated;
(5) After the husband's death, the wife may remarry.
When the news spread, the matchmakers immediately retreated.
At that time, an old gentleman in Shaoxing City, who was a lecturer in the section who was higher than Cai Yuanpei, believed that Cai's mate selection conditions were "deviant and deviated from the scriptures" and "confused gangchang", and specially took a large palanquin to the door to debate with Cai, and finally saw Cai "obsessively", sighing: "Children cannot be taught!" "Roll up your sleeves and go away.
Cai Yuanpei admired the paintings at the home of a friend who liked to collect paintings, Ye Zuqian, and he greatly appreciated one of the gongbi paintings, which was written by Huang Shizhen, the daughter of Huang Erxuan, a famous scholar in Jiangxi, also known as Zhongyu.
Ye Zuqian introduced to Cai: Huang Zhongyu did not wrap his feet, worked in calligraphy and painting, honored his parents, once cured his father's illness, and loved his younger brother.
Cai Yuanpei heard that he was very fond of her, so he asked Ye to be a matchmaker for him.
On New Year's Day 1902, Cai and Huang were married in Hangzhou.
Cai Yuanpei also implemented equality between men and women in marriage, and he wrote to Huang Zhongyu, always writing Huang's surname, without writing Lady Cai or adding the character Cai before Lady Cai's name.
After marriage, Huang Zhongyu actively supported Cai Yuanpei's career, she supported Cai to open the Patriotic Society and the Patriotic Women's School, at that time, the women's school had only one full-time teacher, and the rest of the courses were taught by Cai Yuanpei and Huang Zhongyu.
In 1907, Cai Yuanpei, who was almost confused, went to Europe to study, and his wife Huang Zhongyu also accompanied him.
In 1917, Cai Yuanpei served as the president of Peking University, often threatened by warlords, and Huang Zhongyu also silently supported her husband behind her back, handling housework, educating her children, and sharing worries for Cai.
In September 1920, Cai Yuanpei prepared to go to Europe and the United States to study education.
At that time, Huang Zhongyu was seriously ill, and his abdomen was often swollen and painful, good and bad.
It took more than half a year to investigate Europe and the United States, and because of the concern for Huang Zhongyu's body, Cai was hesitant to travel to Europe.
Huang Zhongyu, who understands the great righteousness, insisted that her husband leave on schedule, and while she asked the doctor for treatment, she packed up for her husband and urged him to make the trip on schedule.
In November, Cai Yuanpei took a boat to France, and he was very relieved about his wife.
On the fifth day of boarding, Cai Yuanpei called Jiang Menglin to inquire about Huang Zhongyu's condition, and Jiang Fudian informed him that his condition had improved.
Cai thought that Jiang was relieved and worried.
After arriving in France, Cai called Li Shizeng to inquire about Huang Zhongyu's situation, but did not see a reply for a long time.
On January 9 of the following year, Cai Yuanpei received a telegram from Jiang Menglin, learning that Huang Zhongyu had died of illness on January 2 at the age of 45.
Cai Yuanpei was deeply saddened and wrote the article "Sacrifice to His Dead Wife Huang Zhongyu".
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >03, accompany him through the love of the rest of his life</h1>
At the age of 55, Cai Yuanpei decided to remarry, and his conditions for choosing a wife were:
1. Have considerable cultural literacy;
2. Slightly older age;
Third, proficient in English, can become a research assistant.
On July 10, 1923, Cai Yuanpei and Zhou Jun, who was 24 years younger than him, held a wedding in Suzhou.
Zhou Jun is a student of Cai Yuanpei at the Shanghai Patriotic Girls' School, and he admires Cai very much, and has vowed not to marry, and is still unmarried at the age of 33.
The wedding is completely a modern wedding model, Cai Yuanpei went to the hotel where Zhou Jun was staying to marry Zhou Jun, and then the two went to the Suzhou Lingering Garden together to take wedding photos.
Cai Yuanpei explained the reason for his marriage to Zhou Jun at the wedding:
(a) I am fifty-seven years of age and have been married three times, and the person whom I wish to marry is a widow, or a divorced woman, or a celibalist rather than an extremist, provided that I am over thirty years of age;
Second, I am familiar with German, I know French, and I have not learned English well, so I would like to marry a woman who is better than English;
3. I do not have a religious religion, so I do not want to take people in religion as wives;
Fourth, I am fond of art, especially willing to be a couple with the study of art;
Fifth, I have resigned as the president of Peking University, and I am about to go to Belgium or Switzerland to continue my studies, and there are women who have volunteered to study in Europe, which is welcome.
Again, hope is the original corresponding acquaintance.
Coincidentally, Ms. Zhou Jun Chinese New Year's Eve third, graduated from the former Shanghai Patriotic Girls' School, once changed her name to Zhou Nuqing, has anti-Qing thoughts, learned English for many years, is not a religious person, also loves fine arts, oil painting works have a considerable level, and has the ambition to study.
The introducer, Mr. Xu Zhongke, believes that Zhou Jun is a "door Xiuye who has the three talents, learning and knowledge".
Soon after the new marriage, Cai Yuanpei went to Europe with his wife and second son Wuji, eldest daughter William, third son Bai Ling, nephew Huang Jilu and Huang Jixing.
So Cai and Zhou's honeymoon was spent on a cruise ship.
Cai Yuanpei and Zhou Jun have a very good relationship.
In 1927, when Cai Yuanpei went to Ningbo, he sent express letters to Zhou Jun every day.
Cai and Tuesday people like to chant poems, often linking sentences, singing and singing, and they will give each other congratulatory poems on their birthdays.
Zhou Jun is good at oil painting, once painted a full-body portrait of Cai, but the portrait is exquisite, Cai is very cherished, the inscription is: "I move every moment, with people portraying each other's special subjects." Only Qing Qing can know me first, and leave the traces of the heart that will never be worn. ”
Zhou Jun also wrote poems and wrote "Heaven and Wasteland Boss Does Not Grind".
When Cai Yuanpei lived in Hong Kong in his later years, he sometimes met with relatives and friends in the living room, and occasionally sat behind the door, fearing that he would be cold, and would take a coat to put on for him.
Cai wants to go out for a walk, Zhou Jun must first check the outdoor temperature, take care of it.
Cai and Tuesday had three children, the female eye, the third son Huaixin, and the fourth son Yingduo.
At the time of his birth, the Cai family had a French Catholic church-run school named Joan Dac.
Joan Dac is the French national heroine Joan of Arc, Cai Yuanpei took the harmonic sound of "Joan", and also took the word "eye" in the sentence "Eyes see in the face, Ang in the back" in Mencius to name the daughter, hoping that the daughter would learn from the heroine.
Huaixin is taken from Tao Yuanming's poem "Good Seedlings Are Also Huaixin".
Yingduo is from the sentence "His people are mine and Yingduo" in the "New Language of the World".
Cai Yuanpei had children in his later years and was closely related to several young children.
He once said kindly to a few children in a family letter: "Each of you gave me a painting, I am very precious." I wish you a lively and prosperous life, like the sunrise and flowers painted by Ang'er; I wish you all the best in your movements, as in the airplanes and buildings painted by xin'er; I wish you good health and prosperity, like the horses painted by Dor. ”
Cai Yi'an liked music, and Cai Yuanpei asked a Russian female teacher to teach her to learn the piano.
Nine-year-old Cai Yingduo liked to draw horses, and painted a painting with the mood of Lu You's poem "Drizzle rides a donkey into the sword gate", Cai Yuanpei specially showed the painting to Liu Haisu and asked Liu to "see if my youngest son Yingduo can be a little talented"?
Cai Yuanpei went to Nanjing for a meeting, and also brought back gifts to his children, each with a beautiful commemorative book and an inscription for the three people.
For the eye ang title: "The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, and the brave are not afraid." ”
Wei Huaixin said: "The rich and noble cannot be adulterous, the poor cannot be moved, and the mighty cannot be bent." ”
For Yingduo, it is: "Eager to learn is almost wise, practicing is almost benevolent, and knowing shame is almost courageous." ”
postscript:
In 1936, Cai Yuanpei suffered from severe typhoid fever and became seriously ill.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance, he was mentally devastated again, and his health was not as good as before.
After the fall of Shanghai, Cai Yuanpei did not want to accompany Chiang Kai-shek to Chongqing, so he took Hong Kong and prepared to transfer from Hong Kong to Kunming.
However, he was nearly old and weak, so he could only stay in Hong Kong and recuperate here.
At the end of December, the wife arrived in Hong Kong with her children.
During his stay in Hong Kong, Cai Yuanpei lived a semi-reclusive life, obeying the doctor's advice, and rarely went out on weekdays, just reading books and newspapers.
During their stay in Hong Kong, Cai Yuanpei's family only relied on the meager salary cai received at the Academia Sinica, which paid legal tender and only used Hong Kong dollars in Hong Kong.
The Cai family is financially strapped, and their living and dieting are extremely frugal. Cai was not completely cured of every illness, and coupled with his advanced age, his health became weaker and weaker.
What is even more unfortunate is that Cai Yuanpei's eldest daughter and oil painter Cai William has no money to be hospitalized due to financial difficulties.
On May 5, 1939, William Choi died of scarlet fever after dystocia.
Because of the fear of Cai Yuanpei's body, he could not bear the pain of losing his daughter. His wife Zhou Jun and son-in-law Lin Wenzheng both hid the truth from Cai Yuanpei.
The person in the center is Cai Yuanpei's son-in-law Lin Wenzheng
However, Cai Yuanpei accidentally saw the news of the exhibition of his daughter's posthumous works in the newspaper, and Fang knew that her daughter was no longer alive, and she was devastated by the moment of grief from her heart.
After that, Cai Yuanpei's body completely collapsed.
On March 3, 1940, Cai Yuanpei got up to go to the toilet, and when he returned to his room, he fell weakly, and then vomited blood, black and purple.
Cai Yuanpei was taken to the hospital for treatment and fell into a coma after a blood transfusion.
At 9 o'clock on March 5, Cai Yuanpei stopped breathing forever in the arms of his wife Zhou Jun, at the age of 73.
On March 10, the coffin was released from the funeral, escorted by Peking University students, and the flags of Hong Kong schools and businesses were flagged to half-mast, and more than 5,000 Buddhist practitioners and more than 10,000 people participated in the public festival.
On May 9, the Nationalist government issued a state funeral order to hold a state funeral for Cai Yuanpei.
Cai Yuanpei's coffin was prepared to return to his hometown shaoxing for burial after the war subsided, but due to continuous artillery fire, he failed to make the trip and was buried in the Hong Kong Chinese Eternal Cemetery, where he was buried on the banks of the Xiangjiang River.