<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="6" > preface</h1>
One evening in April 1931, Mao Dun and his wife came to a workers' settlement in Liangyili on Daxi Road (now West Yan'an Road) and rushed to Qu Qiubai's house as a guest.
The two families met each other and were extremely enthusiastic. Qu Qiubai's wife Yang Zhihua was busy stir-frying dishes, ready to entertain friends, when the two families just sat at the dinner table and planned to eat, the traffic officer hurriedly came and handed Qu Qiubai a letter, and there were only a few words on the letter:
"Your mother is very ill, go back and see."
Qu Qiubai, who was originally in a very happy mood, suddenly realized that this was a big incident in the central government, and let them quickly transfer the meaning.
Therefore, without waiting for the carefully prepared delicacies to begin to enjoy, Qu Qiubai hurriedly sent away Mao Dun and his wife.
Central, what big thing happened?
Picture | Qu Qiubai
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="174" > Qu Qiubai was forced to transfer</h1>
At the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in 1931, Qu Qiubai was dismissed from his central leadership position and lost his post, Qu Qiubai had no job, and could only rely on the meager allowance distributed by the party to survive, under the pseudonym Lin Fu, and his wife Yang Zhihua moved to the workers' settlement on Shanghai's Great West Road.
Although the cost of living in the workers' area is not too high, there are still many problems in the lives of the husband and wife, even if the board brush head is cut and the worker's outfit is changed, it is still difficult to hide the intellectual temperament emitted by Qu Qiubai from the inside out.
And his wife Yang Zhihua is a young lady born in the gentleman's mendi, since childhood accustomed to the life of fine clothes, now both to manage the housework, but also to work to maintain a livelihood, such a day is difficult for her to adapt, coupled with the neighbors are not so harmonious, quarrels will occur from time to time, the husband and wife in the workers' area of the secret is really difficult to call safe, so that sooner or later, they will be found and arrested by the Kuomintang authorities.
Picture | Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua
It also happened to be during this time in Shanghai that Qu Qiubai and Mao Dun made friends and established a deep friendship.
In April 1931, Mao Dun and his wife specially came to Qu Qiubai's house as a guest, and just as the two families were preparing to go to the table for dinner, Qu Qiubai received an urgent letter from the traffic officer, "Your mother is very ill, go back and see." Something's wrong with the center!
After hurriedly sending Mao Dun and his wife away, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua carried a small suitcase and went to Yang Zhihua's relatives' house for one night. The next morning, he was transferred to Mao Dun's home in Shudri, Yuyuan Road.
Figure | Mao Dun
At this time, Qu Qiubai learned that Gu Shunzhang had been arrested by the Kuomintang in Wuhan and had betrayed the organization, and the entire underground party organization had suffered devastating damage.
Who is this Gu Shunzhang? Why did his rebellion cause such damage to the Shanghai underground party organization?
After the April 12 coup, the Central Special Branch came into being, mainly for attacking the enemy and defending itself, under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, while Gu Shunzhang assisted Zhou Enlai in leading the Central Special Branch, and at the same time served as the head of the Third Section (Operations Section), whose main task was to defend the organs, fight traitors, and rescue the arrested comrades.
Gu Shunzhang is located in an important department of the party, holding very core secrets, moreover, Gu Shunzhang is an extremely excellent agent, when he was trained in Soviet Russia, he learned to make up, perform magic, operate machinery, master psychology and other skills with talent, especially good at blasting, silent shooting indoors, killing people with bare hands without leaving a trace, even Wan Yagang, a veteran agent of the Kuomintang Central Unification, once evaluated him.
"Almighty Agent, enough to be called a master." After Gu Shunzhang, no one in the ranks of secret agents could look up to him. ”
Such a person, if he has been in the ranks of our Party for a long time, will certainly be able to shine and make a career, but if he mutinies, it must be an extremely dangerous "bomb."
Sure enough, the "bomb" still exploded.
Figure | Gu Shunzhang
In March 1931, Gu Shunzhang set out from Shanghai, escorted Zhang Guotao and Chen Changhao through Wuhan to work in the Red Army in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District, and returned to stay at the Deming Hotel in the French Concession not far from Dazhimen Station in Hankou, and under the pseudonym "Hua Guangqi", performed a magic show at the New Market Amusement Park.
In April, Gu Shunzhang took a ferry from Wuchang back to Hankou, just arrived at the gate of Jianghan Pass, just happened to be seen by Wang Zhuqiao, who had already defected, Wang Zhuqiao secretly followed Gu Shunzhang back to his residence, and after mastering Gu Shunzhang's whereabouts, Wang Zhuqiao immediately reported to the secret service, and Gu Shunzhang was arrested.
After being sent to the camp of the Kuomintang Wuhan Appeasement Office, gu shunzhang chose to defect and betray a large number of comrades without any severe torture and coercion.
At the time of his arrest, Gu Shunzhang confessed to more than 20 secret organs in Wuhan, including the CPC's Xiang'e Border Region Special Committee, the Central Military Commission's Wuhan Traffic Station, and the Xiang'e Border Region Red Second Army Station in Han, and in addition to this, he was also preparing to meet Chiang Kai-shek and confess to the undercover agents in the Kuomintang secret service system.
Figure | Qian Zhuangfei
He Chengjun, the leader of the Kuomintang camp in Wuhan, sent a telegram to the Nanjing side informing Gu Shunzhang of his arrest and defection, but fortunately this telegram was just received by the undercover Qian Zhuangfei, who immediately sent intelligence to the secret agent Li Kenong, and promptly informed the party Central Committee of the news, thus buying time for the safety of the underground party organization.
Although the news of the defection was discovered in time, due to Gu Shunzhang's extremely high position in the party and the core information he had, it still caused almost all the underground party institutions in Shanghai to suffer a devastating blow, and countless party members were arrested and killed.
Zhou Enlai urgently arranged for the major transfer of various organs of the CPC Central Committee, and specifically instructed Chen Geng to notify Qu Qiubai and his wife, thus winning time for them to transfer in time. If this were not the case, I am afraid that the names of Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua would appear on the list of successful arrests this time.
For the arrival of Qu Qiubai, the Mao Dun family is very welcome, and also deliberately left the children's bed to Qu Qiubai and his wife, but the daily life of the two families is inevitably a little inconvenient, and Mao Dun's home is a third-floor large box, once there is any danger, Qu Qiubai and his wife will face a situation where there is no way to hide and escape, so, thinking about it, Qu Qiubai feels that taking refuge in Mao Dun's home is not a long-term solution.
Pictured| Feng Xuefeng
One day, Feng Xuefeng came to Mao Dun's house, Qu Qiubai took this opportunity to entrust Feng Xuefeng to help, he said that he was not in good health, the Party Central Committee specially approved him to rest for a period of time, hoping that Feng Xuefeng could help him find a quiet place.
The Left League, also known as the Chinese Left-Wing Writers' Union, was a literary organization founded by the CCP in Shanghai in the 1930s, and in February 1931, the five martyrs of the Left League (Li Qiushi, Rou Shi, Hu Yepin, Feng Hao, Yin Fu) and He Mengxiong and other communists were killed in Longhua.
After the sacrifice of the five martyrs, Feng Xuefeng was transferred to the left league party group secretary, and together with Lu Xun edited and published the left league's organ publication "Outpost", and Feng Xuefeng came to Mao Dun's house this time to send the "outpost" that had just been founded. Later, also under his introduction, Qu Qiubai and Lu Xun met and jointly led the left-wing cultural movement.
Picture | Feng Xuefeng and Lu Xun's two families took a group photo
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="187" > Xie Danru's full cover for Qu Qiubai</h1>
Because of Qu Qiubai's request, Feng Xuefeng deliberately found his long-time friend Xie Danru and arranged for Qu Qiubai and his wife to live in Xie Danru's Xie residence at No. 68 Zixia Road, and Xie Danru did not hesitate to agree.
Xie Danru, born in Shanghai in 1904, the Xie family has been in business for generations, the family is well-off, especially when his father Xie Minfu, the Xie family business is even worse, in addition to the ancestral Fuyuan Qianzhuang, there are other industries, the father especially loves calligraphy and painting in his life, collects a lot of books, and the young Xie Danru is also very fond of literature.
When Xie Danru was 13 years old, his father died, after which Xie Danru began to apprentice in his own Qianzhuang to prepare for future succession, in Qianzhuang, he met the same apprentice, the two studied literature together, chanted poems and compositions together, and also established the Shanghai Communications Library, and thus got to know Yun Daiying (in 1931, Yun Daiying was betrayed by Gu Shunzhang, heroic and righteous), influenced by new ideas.
In 1924, under the recommendation of his friend Ying Xiuren, Xie Danru joined the Lakeside Poetry Society founded by Feng Xuefeng, Wang Jingzhi and others, and several people established a deep friendship.
Figure | Xie Danru
And this time, feng Xuefeng, a friend of many years, asked for help, and Xie Danru certainly would not fail to help.
Xie Danru did not tell his family the true identity of Qu Qiubai and his wife, but said that he had a friend, Mr. Lin, who was ill and needed to recuperate at home for a while, and after informing his wife Qian Yunjin, the two went together to persuade their mother that they would rent out the remaining rooms. Although the mother did not understand that there was no shortage of money in the family and why she was in a hurry to rent, she could not help her son and agreed.
With the consent of the elders, Xie Danru published an advertisement for "renting a house for the remaining house" in the newspaper, waiting for someone to rent a house the next day, and on the third day, the tenant was determined, of course, the tenant was Qu Qiubai, who was pseudonymous Lin Qixiang, and his wife Yang Zhihua.
In this way, Xie Danru gambled with his life and let Qu Qiubai and his wife live in his home.
Picture | Xie Dan is like Qian Yunjin and his wife
Qu Qiubai and his wife looked at the house, accompanied by Feng Xuefeng, Qu Qiubai cut a flat head, wore sunglasses, wore a light gray shirt, and then wore a pair of cloth shoes, like a very knowledgeable mr. teaching, the couple's luggage, it is only a few suitcases.
Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua lived in the East Wing on the second floor, and finally had a quiet place to live, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua were very happy, and later according to Qian Yunjin's recollection,
"Not only did Qu Qiubai enter the study and forget to return, but even Yang Zhihua said with joy that as long as he entered the study, he would be buried in the pile of books and would not be able to come out for a day."
Just arrived at the afternoon of the Xie family, Yang Zhihua and Qian Yunjin went to the surrounding Penglai market, in the cognition of others, Qu Qiubai is Lin Qixiang, and she is the Lin family sister-in-law, the two came down from the countryside to see a doctor, so it is necessary to go to the market to buy some daily necessities, Yang Zhihua's move is in line with the identity, the second is to have a good relationship with Qian Yunjin, but also to let the Xie family rest assured of the couple, the third is to better familiarize themselves with the surrounding environment, in order to prevent any unexpected situations.
Picture | Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua's family
In the following days of life, the two families will eat together, Qu Qiubai and Xie Danru often sit together and chat, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua rarely interact with the outside world, Qu Qiubai spends all day reading books, writing articles, translating Marxist literary and art theory works, like many of the manuscripts in the work "Hai Above the Forest" were written during this period.
Except for the occasional time when Feng Xuefeng came to visit, most of the time the two lived relatively quietly, and later Yang Zhihua recalled that Qu Qiubai once said that living in Xie Danru's family for more than a year was the most peaceful, comfortable and comfortable day in his life.
In order to better protect the revolutionary couple, Xie Danru, who has always loved to make friends, has also quieted down, and he almost no longer entertains friends at home, and even if a friend comes, he will not let the guests enter the range where Qu Qiubai lives.
Pictured | Yang Zhihua
In 1932, the 128 Incident broke out, Shanghai became the center of the war, Qu Qiubai and Xie Danru two families moved together to the French Concession Bixun Road (now Fenyang Road) Bixingfang No. 10, at this time just in time for Xie Danru's mother died of illness, the Xie family set up a spiritual hall here for relatives and friends to worship.
As a famous rich businessman, most of the relatives of Xie Danru's family are business people, Yang Zhihua also considered this, this occasion naturally inevitably to inquire about her own identity, so she chose to take the initiative, instead of waiting for them to inquire, it is better to take the initiative to say it, Yang Zhihua enthusiastically helps the Xie family to take care of various large and small affairs, circling among relatives, in the eyes of relatives, she is just a warm and kind Lin family sister-in-law, this move, just protected herself and Qu Qiubai.
It was not until the end of the war that the two families moved back to Zixia Road, where they had lived before, until 1933, when Qu Qiubai hid in anonymity for nearly 2 years, when Qu Qiubai and his wife were picked up by Chen Yun, who was then the secretary of the party group of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.
Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua lived in Xie Danru's home for one year and seven months, and during this time, Xie Danru protected them very well, and the Kuomintang never imagined that Qu Qiubai, the "communist bandit" they had hunted down with all their might, was hidden in a well-known rich merchant in Shanghai, and had been safely hidden under their eyes for such a long time.
Pictured| Chen Yun
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="193" after Qu Qiubai's sacrifice ></h1>
In the autumn of 1934, the Central Red Army carried out a strategic shift, and Qu Qiubai was arranged to remain in Jiangxi and serve as the propaganda director of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China to continue guerrilla warfare.
In February 1935, Qu Qiubai, Zhou Yuelin, Zhang Liang, and others met Wan Yongcheng, then secretary of the Fujian Provincial CPC Committee and political commissar of the Provincial Military Region, at The Tang house, and he asked Qu Qiubai and others to disguise themselves as captured Red Army and be "escorted" out of the enemy's blockade.
Unfortunately, the three were all captured by the enemy who had been wrapped up, and in a hurry, the three decided to pretend to be identities, Qu Qiubai, alias Lin Qixiang, came here for recuperation due to illness, and was arrested by the Red Army for less than a month.
During Qu Qiubai's imprisonment, Wan Yongcheng was killed in battle, his wife Xu Shi was captured, Xu Shi confessed qu Qiubai's capture, the Kuomintang used this to find eligible captives, and let the traitor Zheng Dapeng identify in the shadows, Qu Qiubai's identity was completely exposed.
Figure | Tomb of Qu Qiubai
On June 18, 1935, Qu Qiubai wore a black cardigan on his upper body and white cloth low-knee shorts, black socks and black cloth shoes on the lower body, calmly drank wine and ate vegetables, sang the international anthem in Russian, looked at ease, and shouted the slogan "Long live the Communist Party of China, long live the victory of the Chinese revolution, long live the victory of communism", walked to the execution ground, heroic and righteous.
Hearing the news of Qu Qiubai's sacrifice, Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Chen Wangdao, Xie Danru and other friends were saddened by it, and after their grief, they decided to publish Qu Qiubai's posthumous works as soon as possible so that his works could be disseminated.
According to Lu Xun's arrangement, Xie Danru first sorted out and sent the manuscripts created and translated by Qu Qiubai in the Xie family to Mr. Lu Xun's residence, and Mr. Lu Xun personally edited, finalized, wrote the preface, typesetted, proofread, and typed into paper, and then sent them for binding, and they decided to publish Qu Qiubai's translation of "Hai ShangLin" first.
Unfortunately, when the first volume of "The Forest above the Sea" was sent to Shanghai, Lu Xun was still alive, and Mr. Lu Xun had already passed away when the next volume was written.
The desk that | now displayed in Lu Xun's former residence in Shanghai was given to Qu Qiubai by Xie Danru, who gave it to Lu Xun when he left Shanghai
Xie Danru not only had "Hai Shanglin" in his hand, but also many manuscripts of writings left by Qu Qiubai, who treasured them all in a small leather box, and later, Fang Zhimin's manuscripts such as "Qing Poverty" and "Lovely China" written in prison were also sent to Xie Danru through Feng Xuefeng.
In the end, Xie Danru's small suitcase contained many manuscripts of Qu Qiubai and Fang Zhimin's works, as well as Ding Ling's "Diary of Madam Shafei", Guo Moruo's poetry manuscript "May Song", Hu Yipin's martyr's "Autumn" and "Hometown", etc. The small suitcase has become the most important thing for the Xie family, and the key must be carried with them.
Figure | Fang Zhimin
In August 1937, the August 13 Songhu War of Resistance broke out, in countless warlord melee, Zixia Road was blown into ruins, a large number of ancient books and paintings in the Xie family were robbed, the family fell in the middle of the road, the family began to live a life of upheaval and displacement, the house was getting smaller and smaller, but Xie Danru has been protecting the small suitcase with the manuscripts, he looks at this small suitcase more important than his own life.
In December 1941, the outbreak of the Pacific War, the turbulent social situation made Xie Danru realize that the manuscript hidden in a small suitcase is not completely safe, or it must be published as soon as possible, let the book spread, for this reason, Xie Danru took a great risk, at his own expense to create the "Xiashe Society" in the French Concession, risked the publication of Qu Qiubai's "Random Bombs and Others", "Social Science Concepts", "Joint Collection", "Fang Zhimin's Autobiography", etc., later, these books spread in Shanghai, Chongqing, Yan'an and other places.
In September 1951, Feng Xuefeng, then president and editor-in-chief of the People's Publishing House, introduced Xie Danru to lu xun memorial hall, and Xie Danru successively served as secretary of the Shanghai Lu Xun Memorial Hall and deputy director of the memorial hall. He carefully sorted out the manuscripts of Qu Qiubai, Lu Xun, Fang Zhimin and others that he had carefully preserved over the years, divided them into categories, and donated them to the government and the Lu Xun Memorial Hall in the 1950s and 1960s.
Pictured | the front row is Xie Danru and his wife Qian Yunjin, and the back row is from the right of the fourth son Xie Qingfa, the eldest son Xie Qingguo, the third child Xie Qingcai, and the fifth child Xie Qingzhong
In the years that followed, Revolutionary volunteers and descendants such as Feng Xuefeng and his wife, Yang Zhihua, their daughter Qu Duyi, and Fang Zhimin's children often visited Xie Danru and Qian Yunjin, and several of Xie Danru's children also threw themselves into the revolutionary cause and devoted themselves to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people.
On September 26, 1962, Xie Danru died of illness, and the relevant departments continued to take care of Qian Yunjin's family.
Xie Danru has been fully protecting the revolutionary volunteers, and his name and responsibility have finally been recorded in the annals of history and remembered for future generations!