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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which blood sugar levels in the body are too high due to insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance in cells. Diabetes is divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes, of which more than 95% of diabetic patients belong to type 2 diabetes, whether type 1 or type 2 diabetes, it is related to genetic factors. Because there is currently no clinical cure for diabetes, in order to control blood sugar, diabetic patients need to take hypoglycemic drugs or insulin for life.
In 2012, 42-year-old Liu Dahai was a taxi driver, and because of the nature of his profession, it was inconvenient for Liu Dahai to stay in the car for a long time to urinate, so Liu Dahai rarely drank water. But in the past month, Liu Dahai often felt thirsty, and drinking a bottle of water in one breath was not enough, so he specially bought bottled water and put it in the car, followed by an increase in the number of urination. Although Liu Dahai was a little puzzled, he didn't take it to heart when he thought that he had entered summer, the hot weather caused him to be thirsty, and he drank more water and urine.
On July 12, Liu Dahai's brother invited him to dinner. Liu Dahai drove to his brother's house. Recently, Liu Dahai's appetite is very good, and he is often hungry before he arrives at the meal, and he eats several meals a day. As soon as I arrived at my brother's house, I muttered why I didn't eat yet. Finally waiting until he could move chopsticks, Liu Dahai looked up and found that his brother Liu Xu was taking insulin, Liu Xu was diagnosed with diabetes 5 years ago, because the effect of eating hypoglycemic is not good, so he will take short-acting insulin to control blood sugar before meals. Insulin is injected subcutaneously, and you can choose the abdomen, arms, back, outer thighs and other parts, because diabetic patients often need to take insulin to control sugar, which will cause skin damage, and it is recommended to inject different parts in turn.
Because it was hard to get together, Liu Dahai planned to rest this afternoon. Noticing that his brother was measuring his blood sugar, Liu Dahai stepped forward and said, "Give me a test to see if I have diabetes." It was a joke, but it turned out to be a prophecy. The blood glucose meter shows a blood glucose value of 15.6, which is far beyond the normal blood sugar level of a normal person.
I saw Liu Xu frowning, he had been ill for 5 years, and he naturally knew everything about the blood sugar values tested in various periods, and couldn't help but speak: "Brother, have you drunk a lot of water recently, you always want to run to the toilet, hungry fast?" After hearing Liu Dahai's surprised reply, how do you know, Liu Xu concluded that his brother suffered from diabetes like him. Diabetes is genetic, so people with parents or siblings who have diabetes are at much higher risk than people who don't have a family history.
Liu Dahai can't accept the news of his illness, how can a blood glucose meter determine diabetes? Immediately go to the hospital for treatment. After hearing Liu Dahai's description, the doctor prescribed a random blood sugar test for him, and the result was 15.9, which met the diagnostic criteria for random blood sugar exceeding 11.1mmol/l, combined with Liu Dahai's typical symptoms of diabetes, and was finally diagnosed with type II diabetes.
After that, Liu Dahai began to follow the doctor's instructions to take hypoglycemic drugs, but he never had a real feeling that he had diabetes, because in addition to taking medicine to control his diet, the life of diabetic patients is no different from that of normal people. Until Liu Dahai was injured by a stone while wearing slippers, he thought that it would be fine in two or three days, but this small wound was repeatedly bad, and there were even signs of suppuration.
In desperation, Liu Dahai came to the hospital again, and after testing his blood sugar to be 14.6, the doctor told him that the blood sugar in the body was too high, which led to a decrease in the resistance of the wound, and the high blood sugar at the wound could easily breed bacteria and cause infection and suppuration. Without blood sugar control, bacteria can cause systemic infections through local infections, which is really difficult to do at that time.
Liu Dahai bought a blood glucose meter on the way home, and he only now understands the horror of diabetes. In order to control blood sugar, Liu Dahai no longer has sugar in his life, and he only drinks soy milk with the original flavor and does not stick to a little sweet food. But even so, Liu Dahai's postprandial blood sugar is still very high. Liu Dahai had to learn from his eldest brother and learned that his eldest brother's blood sugar control was all due to the guidance of experts.
He is an expert in endocrinology and metabolism, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Ningguang. He served as the president of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, and devoted himself to endocrinology clinical and scientific research, and has been deeply engaged in the diagnosis and treatment and research of diabetes for more than 35 years. As soon as Liu Dahai saw Academician Ningguang, he began to tell his troubles, and he didn't understand why he didn't eat any sweet food, and he still took medicine on time, but his blood sugar remained high.
Academician Ning did not show any impatience, but after Liu Dahai finished speaking, he began to carefully inquire about his daily diet. After some exchanges, Academician Ning told Liu Dahai: "Your poor blood sugar control has nothing to do with whether you eat sweet food or not, but these 3 favorite foods you love to eat in your life make your blood sugar soar. ”
A high carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose in the body and an important energy substance for our life activities. Processed rice, noodles, flour, etc. are all high carbohydrates, and after being ingested, digestion and absorption can easily lead to an increase in blood sugar, resulting in large fluctuations in blood sugar levels, and if not consumed in time, they will also be converted into fat and stored under the skin.
Although Liu Dahai will control the intake of rice, because diabetics often experience hunger because glucose is excreted with the urine. Because the buns are easy to carry, he often chooses to eat them when he is hungry, and he also likes to eat noodles for breakfast, and these high-starch carbohydrates are also an important culprit that causes his blood sugar to rise.
Therefore, diabetic patients can choose foods rich in dietary fiber as staple foods, such as corn, purple rice, brown rice, etc., which not only have a strong sense of satiety, but also have slow digestion and are not easy to cause large fluctuations in blood sugar.
The second is a high-fat diet
Liu Dahai usually likes to eat melon seeds and peanuts in his spare time, but melon seeds and peanuts are high-fat foods that are rich in fat and calories. A high-fat diet stimulates more insulin secretion, increasing the burden on residual pancreatic B cells, reducing the ability to maintain blood glucose stability, and resulting in an increase in blood glucose. At the same time, high-fat foods can also cause blood lipids to rise, which further affects blood sugar metabolism.
Therefore, diabetic patients should reduce the intake of high-fat foods.
Triple high GI food
The GI index refers to the "glycemic index" in the human body, which reflects a measure of the rise in blood sugar caused by food entering the body, and different foods have different GI values. The higher the GI value of a food, the higher its ability to raise blood sugar levels, the shorter it stays in the digestive tract, and the faster it will feel hungry.
Diabetic patients should try to avoid high GI foods, such as rice, noodles, fritters, pumpkin and watermelon, and choose to replace them with low GI foods such as barley, soy products, rape, apples, etc. It is not only beneficial to the control of blood sugar, but also has a good effect on cardiovascular and the prevention of bladder cancer, breast cancer and other cancers.
In addition to not eating sugar, diabetics should also limit or not consume the above foods in order to best control blood sugar. Reduce the likelihood of complications, prolong the life of people with diabetes, and improve quality of life.
(Note: "After 35 years of studying diabetes, the heartfelt words of the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering: In addition to sugar, it is recommended to eat less of these 3 foods" The names are pseudonyms, and some pictures are network pictures; Reprinting and plagiarism are prohibited in the article)