Scientifically grasp the relationship between disaster preparedness and food production

In recent years, frequent floods, freezing, and other serious natural disasters have occurred frequently in some parts of the mainland, which have not only adversely affected the production and livelihood of the people, but also threatened national food security. During his inspection of the disaster area, General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasized that it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the flood control engineering system and emergency management system, continuously improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and put forward a series of scientific guidelines for disaster prevention and the recovery of food production capacity after the disaster.

The improvement of agricultural disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities plays an irreplaceable role in the implementation of the national food security strategy. First, farmland disaster prevention and mitigation engineering facilities are the basic conditions for ensuring stable and increased grain production. Judging from the practical experience of various localities in dealing with flood disasters in recent years, complete drainage and irrigation facilities can reduce the impact on food production losses when flood disasters occur, and the stronger the ability to restore grain production through timely replanting and other measures after disasters. Second, the improvement of disaster prevention and mitigation material reserves and emergency dispatch capabilities will help cope with the impact of extreme weather on food production. The reserve of seeds, fertilizers, and other means of agricultural production is an important condition for post-disaster recovery, and the timely dispatch and transportation of materials necessary for grain production is a necessary condition for mitigating the consequences of damage to grain production and rapidly restoring grain production capacity. Third, disaster prevention and mitigation measures can reduce food loss caused by disasters. The first paragraph of Article 24 of the Food Security Law of the People's Republic of China, which will be implemented, clearly stipulates that the state shall strengthen the capacity building of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief in grain production, and stipulates the corresponding system from the two aspects of responding to agricultural natural disasters and biological disasters.

There is an interaction between disaster preparedness and food production. On the one hand, sound disaster prevention and resilience measures can ensure the stability of food production. Complete infrastructure is a necessary condition for the substitution of technology and machinery in food production under the background of the aging of the agricultural labor force, which can reduce the adverse impact of disasters on food production and ensure stable and high grain yield. On the other hand, stable grain production is also more conducive to improving disaster prevention capabilities, such as the production of grain to have the necessary irrigation and drainage conditions, in the occurrence of drought and flood disasters, drainage and irrigation facilities can eliminate hidden dangers in time and prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters, to ensure the safety of production and life, machine farming roads and other facilities to improve grain production capacity in the event of disasters also have the function of emergency response. The survey found that in rural areas with relatively high rainfall, it is often difficult to use water for production and living due to drought. The main reason for this is that the original rice-growing areas have been barren for a long time due to the shortage of rural labor, or the non-agricultural use of cultivated land has been caused by the one-sided pursuit of benefits, and the original water storage function of rice fields has weakened in the rainy season, and precipitation has been lost with the surface. The risk of landslides increases due to the abandonment of food production, which increases the risk of landslides due to the lack of management of facilities such as ditches throughout the year, and the shortage of surface water during the dry season leads to a drop in the water table. This phenomenon illustrates a significant interdependence between food production and disaster preparedness capacity. Disaster preparedness affects food production, and food production can also improve disaster preparedness in some ways.

Disaster prevention and mitigation is a systematic project, which includes not only the construction of facilities for disaster prevention and mitigation, but also the capacity building of material reserves and emergency dispatch, as well as the construction of mechanisms such as organization and mobilization. From the perspective of disaster prevention capacity building, it includes the ability to respond to disasters in terms of rapid response, self-rescue, recovery, reconstruction and prevention of secondary disasters. Disaster response with the goal of food security also requires capacity-building in all aspects.

From the perspective of farmland infrastructure construction for disaster prevention and mitigation, the construction of cultivated land for disaster prevention and mitigation should be regarded as an important part of high-standard farmland construction and permanent basic farmland management, and the one-sided emphasis on the expansion of the plot area of "small fields into large fields" and the improvement of soil quality should be prevented from one-sidedly paying attention to the construction of high-standard farmland, and it should be recognized that the infrastructure for cultivated land use, especially disaster prevention and control facilities, is also an important part of high-standard farmland construction, so as to effectively improve the safe, stable and efficient production capacity of cultivated land. At the same time, the remediation of abandoned land should be included in the construction of high-standard farmland. The survey found that in some places, when solving the problem of abandoned land, they neglected the supporting disaster prevention conditions and other infrastructure construction, resulting in the abandoned land supported by financial projects to return to the abandoned form soon after the remediation, which not only led to the waste of financial funds, but also did not play its due role in improving food production capacity.

From the perspective of equipment construction for disaster prevention and mitigation, it is necessary to improve the level of mechanization in the whole process of grain production. Practice has proved that scientific disaster response requires modern mechanical support. At present, the technical conditions for the mechanization of the whole process of grain production have been met, but the development of agricultural machinery operations for disaster prevention and mitigation is relatively lagging behind. The mechanization of grain production includes not only the expansion of the types and scale of agricultural machinery suitable for the production process, but also the development of machinery and equipment for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery. For example, mechanized grain harvesting measures and the rational layout of grain drying facilities can play an important role in improving the recovery rate of grain in the event of a disaster. In addition, it is also necessary to focus on the development of multi-purpose agricultural machinery that takes into account normalization and disaster relief to overcome the disadvantages of excessive specificity of agricultural machinery.

From the perspective of building material conditions for disaster prevention and mitigation, it is necessary to improve the reserve capacity and grain storage and transportation capacity of agricultural production materials such as seeds and fertilizers through various means such as direct financial subsidies and market regulation and control mechanisms. Through legislative means, we should increase the emergency guarantee of grain production inputs and the support for grain storage and transportation, and clarify the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the main body of the reserve and each subject.

From the perspective of building a disaster prevention and mitigation mechanism, the first is to strengthen the overall leadership of party organizations over the prevention of disasters in grain production. The second is to improve the organization and coordination mechanism, strengthen the preparation of emergency plans before disasters, the organization and mobilization during disasters, and the coordination of various relief resources, and self-help and recovery of production after disasters. At the same time, we should give full play to the role of rural collective economic organizations, villagers' self-governing organizations, various social organizations and individual volunteers, so that they can participate in disaster prevention in an orderly manner. The third is to improve the interest linkage mechanism, the government should play a major role in the financial guarantee of disaster prevention, can not pass on the cost of disaster relief to food producers, and needs to unblock all kinds of organizations, especially grain production and operation entities, in the post-disaster production self-help, production conditions recovery and other aspects of the channels and benefit compensation channels. Fourth, it is necessary to improve the grain production insurance mechanism and promptly settle claims for grain production losses caused by disasters. Enriching the types and coverage of grain production insurance includes insurance for direct losses of grain production, as well as insurance for grain price indexes, as well as insurance for damage to grain production infrastructure, so as to improve the risk transfer path for losses caused by disasters in grain production, stabilize the interests of grain producers, and ensure that grain farmers do not suffer losses.