If you have weak muscles
There was nothing on the fingers and toes
But it feels like wearing gloves and socks
Then you might be gott
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Don't know about the disease?
Then the health gentleman will popularize science
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▶ What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathy, mostly caused by the body's immune response, often with decreased muscle strength, decreased sensory sensitivity, and a glove-like and sock-like sensation on the fingers and toes, which is not contagious and hereditary.
▶ Population and timing of onset
Guillain-Barré syndrome occurs worldwide, with about 1~2 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome occurring in 100,000 people every year.
Although people of all ages can be infected, the incidence increases by about 20% for each 10 years of age from age 10 onwards.
There is no seasonal difference in the incidence of the disease, but the domestic reports are mostly in summer and autumn.
The incidence is slightly higher in males than in females.
▶Pathogen.
The cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome (formerly known as Guillain-Barré syndrome) is not well understood, and its pathogenesis is caused by the body's immune system attacking peripheral nerves, resulting in nerve conduction damage. Clinical and epidemiological data suggest that these immune responses can be triggered by infection.
Image source: Tencent Medical Codex
1. Infection: In recent years, it has been reported in the literature at home and abroad that a considerable proportion of patients have had bacterial infection in the two weeks before the onset of the disease. For example, in the weeks before the onset of the disease, the evidence of diarrhea caused by Campylobacter jejuni infection accounted for 15%~91%. In addition, it is possible for viral infections to develop before the onset of the disease, such as the respiratory Zika virus infection.
2. Autoimmunity: Studies have shown that serum anti-ganglioside GM1 antibody and anti-ganglioside GM2 antibody (mostly after cytomegalovirus infection) can destroy nerves and lead to nerve conduction dysfunction.
▶ Predisposing factors
1. Vaccination: Studies have shown that anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with influenza vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome, which leads to immune response and nerve damage. However, the conclusions of current studies in this area are not very clear, and the benefits of vaccination for the body's immunity still outweigh the potential risks.
2. Surgery or trauma: It has been reported in the literature that Guillain-Barré syndrome may be induced after surgery and trauma, which may be related to the exposure of antigens during surgery, the decrease in the number of regulatory T cells, and may also be related to surgical injury and traction, compression and hemostasis, nerve compression caused by special positions of some surgeries, and anesthesia. These are potential risk factors that cause the body's immune system to attack the body's own tissues and cause damage.
Image source: Human Health Care
▶ Type of onset
There are several types of disease, with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy being the most common. Also known as classic Guillain-Barré syndrome, the main lesion is segmental demyelination of peripheral nerves of multiple nerve roots.
It can occur at any age and in any season. Electromyography shows a slowdown in motor nerve conduction in the presence of electrical stimulation and a delay in the contraction response that muscles should have.
Typical symptoms of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy:
【Motor Nerve Symptoms】Patients often first develop symptoms of weakness in the hands and feet, and then gradually develop closer to the trunk in a few hours to weeks. Symptoms such as difficulty raising the head and decreased expression of the facial nerve are affected. When the bulbar innervators are involved, it is difficult to swallow after eating or drinking, and in severe cases, the respiratory muscles are involved, resulting in dyspnea and weakness.
Image source: Tencent Medical Codex
Sensory nerve symptoms: Mild paresthesias, which is manifested by a decrease in the sensation and touch of the hands and feet to painful stimuli, and a feeling as if wearing gloves and socks.
【Autonomic Symptoms】Autonomic dysfunction symptoms, that is, the part of the nervous system that is not controlled by the brain in the first place, manifested as symptoms such as flushing of the face and changes in blood pressure.
See here
If you have a little friend, you have to ask
Guillain-Barré syndrome is suspected
Which department should I go to?
The answer is encephalopathy or neurology
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