Reveal the cultivation technology of golden passion fruit grafting seedlings to help achieve high yields

Reveal the cultivation technology of golden passion fruit grafting seedlings to help achieve high yields

Lily Lin

Since 2022, Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province has continued to carry out the demonstration project of excellent new agricultural varieties, and 'Golden Passion Fruit' is one of the demonstration varieties, with a demonstration area of 20 mu (1 mu≈0.067hm 2), and new models such as planting in large seedling nutrition bags, new planting once a year, appropriate dense planting "T" shaped curtain + flat shed, and green pest control technology, etc., have achieved good results.

1 Biology

The fruit of 'Golden Passion Fruit' is nearly round, the fruit shape is similar to the purple fruit and larger, the diameter is about 6cm, the weight of a single fruit is 60~90g, it has a strong guava fragrance, the sugar-acid ratio is suitable, the soluble solids reach 17%, the edible rate is more than 44.8%, the peel is dark yellow or bright yellow when ripe, leathery, beautiful appearance, suitable for fresh food. The stems, leaves, and tendrils are red, pink, or purple, and the leaf shape is similar to that of purple fruits, but larger. The flower bracts are green, about 5~6cm in diameter, the flowering period is from April to November, and it takes 70~80d to bloom to mature. Because of its strong growth, high yield, strong disease resistance, but not cold-tolerant, it is easy to be frostbitten and frozen to death in case of severe low temperature frost, and it is required to have a long distance (more than 2000m) from the Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae vegetable base and melon and fruit base.

2 'Golden Passion Fruit' colonization

2.1 Preparation before colonization

2.1.1 Land preparation Choose a plot with open sunny ventilation, deep soil layer, and pH value of 5.5~6.5 for planting (if the soil acidity is high, it will aggravate the occurrence of stem base rot, and quicklime needs to be sprinkled), and the loam or sandy loam soil containing 1%~1.5% organic matter is relatively loose. About 1 month in advance to complete the land preparation, can be used small, large rotary tiller or artificial soil loosening, there is no obvious hard soil block, generally in the 30cm tillage layer is appropriate.

2.1.2 high ridge Because passion fruit root system is shallow, and like moisture and afraid of waterlogging, long-term soaking in water is easy to cause fallen leaves, root rot, need to pay special attention to drainage, dig the drainage ditch in advance, to ensure that the ditch does not accumulate water for a long time, need to raise a high ridge to avoid root soaking, the previous loose high-quality topsoil gathered for ridge, ridge height 40~50cm.

2.1.3 Lower base fertilizer according to 25cm×20cm dig the planting hole, apply 15kg of high-quality organic fertilizer to each hole, 1kg of compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15% and fully mixed with the topsoil, backfill the planting hole, and set aside after weathering and decaying.

2.2 Planting time

After planting, the minimum temperature is not lower than 10 °C, which is suitable for passion fruit growth, and it is generally planted in mid-March in Xiangcheng District. The new cultivation mode of planting once a year is adopted, and the crop rotation in a small area can be achieved by changing the furrow every other year, so as to overcome the problem of unsuitable continuous cropping.

2.3 Proper dense planting

About 250 plants are planted per mu, and the plant row spacing is 100cm × 250cm. It is planted once a year, and after the fruit is harvested, the roots and vines of the whole garden are removed, dried and burned. This cultivation mode not only has high yield and good quality, but also cuts off the spread of viral diseases. However, if the planting area is large, the use of high-density planting must be combined with the establishment of a virus-free nursery in the base to reduce the cost of seedlings.

2.4 Planting operation

2.4.1 Seedling transport Pay attention to the protection of seedlings during the process of seedling transport and nutrient bag removal to avoid injuring the tender shoots, especially the new shoots of the main vine. After transporting the seedlings to the planting place, carefully remove the nutrient bag to avoid a large amount of scattering of the cup soil, and the time between the removal of the nutrient bag and the planting should not be too long to avoid dehydration due to excessive exposure time.

2.4.2 Planting operation Because it is a large seedling planting, two people need to operate together when planting. One person takes off the nutrient bag, first cuts the bottom nutrient bag, gently tears off the bottom nutrient bag, and puts it into the planting hole, and then cuts the side of the nutrient bag, try not to loosen the roots; If the stem base is covered with soil too high, it is easy to cause disease, and too low will also let the rain wash and cause the surface fibrous roots to be exposed, so the soil covering height needs to exceed the cup soil surface 0.5~1cm, and the covering position is "turtle back" convex. It is strictly forbidden to concave the base of the stem to avoid watering or raining to form stagnant water, which will lead to continuous flooding of the stem base and cause disease.

2.4.3 Post-planting maintenance After planting, the planting water should be watered thoroughly, even on rainy days. The water pressure should not be too large when watering, so as not to wash away the surface soil, and the soil can be moistened with 3~5cm around the seedling substrate. You can use a shower, or you can wrap the water pipe outlet with a cloth before watering.

2.5 “T”字型垂帘 + 平棚

This structure is simple, which is conducive to the climbing and unfolding of passion fruit, and the leaf receives light in a large area, which can make full use of light energy, grows rapidly, is conducive to promoting flowers and fruits, and agricultural operation and management are also more convenient, and the cost is also lower. The single-column bamboo pole should be placed 10cm away from the base of the plant to avoid damage to the root system, and the depth of insertion into the soil should be 15~20cm, and it should be about 10cm higher than the scaffolding.

2.6 Fixed main vine

Tie the vine along the bamboo pole and fix it, 1 vine every 20~30cm, and choose the position of the vine at the internode, be careful not to tie it to the leaves. The vine is tied and fixed under the grafting interface to avoid breaking the graft and ensure that the new shoots are upright and upward. The main vine is required to tie the vine straight up along the fixed rod, and only the branches need to be properly tied to avoid the branch slipping down and causing the base to bend or the head is too heavy to bend downward, whether it is the main vine or the first-class vine, it needs to be fixed along the similar bamboo pole or line in the growth direction of the branch.

2.7 Remove cuteness

After planting, it is necessary to erase the rootstock sprouts, and the excess side buds on the main vine should also be erased in time to erase the excess bud points to prevent nutrient waste and accelerate plant growth. If the bud point is long and lignified, it should not be forcibly removed, but should be cut from the base with scissors to prevent damage to the plant.

3 Fertilization

3.1 Root fertilizer

Use root promotion (humic acid) + control of underground pests (thiamethoxam) + control of pathogenic bacteria (dichlorethoxam) before root growth; use a large number of element water-soluble fertilizer + root promotion (humic acid) when growing roots (7 days of planting); use a large number of element aqueous solution + humic acid + solid compound fertilizer before the main vine is put on the shelf after root growth, 1 time every 10~15d, and 1 fixed compound fertilizer is applied during the period. The actual amount of fertilizer watered in all water and fertilizer schemes is subject to the position of fertilizer water watering to the root system.

3.2 Foliar top dressing after planting

Within 3 days after planting, protective fungicide + zinc fertilizer + amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was applied, and after 3 days of planting, spraying once every 7~10 days, and pesticides + 2 kinds of foliar fertilizers were selected according to the situation of pests and diseases.

3.3 Flowering fertilizer

3.3.1 Root topdressing should not use high-nitrogen fertilizers, and fertilizers with high phosphorus content such as diammonium phosphate should be used to promote flowering.

3.3.2 Foliar top dressing After promoting the greening of the leaves of the fruiting vine in spring, it is advisable to spray 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the back of the leaf, top dressing 1~2 times outside the root, spray once every 5 days, 50cm away from the base of the main vine, 3~4cm deep for each plant, evenly sprinkle 100g of compound fertilizer + 150g of potassium sulfate, and carry out shallow soil covering.

4 Moisture management

Passion fruit is neither drought nor waterlogging tolerant and must have good irrigation conditions. Especially in the bud and leaf growth stage, flower bud stage, fruit expansion stage and pulp juice filling stage, if there is a long-term lack of water, there will be growth and development stagnation, local wilting and falling off. If the rainwater can not be discharged, as long as it is soaked for more than 1 day, the roots will be damaged, and if soaked for 2~3 days, some roots will rot and aggravate the occurrence of pests and diseases. Therefore, passion fruit should be irrigated in time in case of drought, and drained in time in case of waterlogging, and equal emphasis should be placed on drought prevention and flood prevention.

5. Control vines and promote flowering

5.1 Cultivating fruiting vines

Focus on cultivating the sturdy second- to fifth-grade side vines with a length of 80~100cm in spring to do fruiting vines, and carry out topping to avoid excessive number of single flower buds, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply and small development of fruits in the later stage. Each fruiting vine should have 6~8 flowers and 5~7 fruits.

5.2 Fruiting branch pull-down

The use of flat trellis planting, due to the vigorous growth of the plant, if it is found that the third and fourth side vines are too vigorous, and the length of the internodes exceeds 20cm, resulting in insufficient light and affecting the differentiation of flower buds, you can unbind the part of the edge of the trellis (about half) The leaves have turned green The fruit vine can be untied, let it droop naturally, and re-tie it well, after the vine droops, its light is good, and the organic nutrient accumulation is more, and 15% paclobutrazol 500 times liquid + can also be used Borax 1000 times liquid spraying 1~2 times can inhibit the trend of over-growth of vegetative growth and promote flower bud differentiation. If a single branch has more than 7 leaves and there is still no flower bud development, it needs to be pruned in time.

6. Green pest control technology

6.1 Agricultural management techniques

Strengthen cultivation management, apply more organic fertilizer, enhance tree potential, and remove diseased plants, branches and surrounding weeds in a timely manner; artificial nets to catch adults, combined with agricultural operations, remove egg masses or newly hatched nymphs to gather leaves, can be used in the early morning to catch adults, concentrated extermination. At the end of the harvest, the roots are thoroughly removed, dried and burned in a concentrated manner, and crop rotation is carried out reasonably to reduce the frequency of pests and diseases.

6.2 Physical and chemical inducement and control technology

6.2.1 Insecticidal lamp trapping A physical control method that uses pest phototaxis to trap and kill can effectively induce and control pests such as Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera, which can effectively reduce the oviposition of pests by about 70%, and the prevention effect is remarkable.

6.2.2 Color plate trapping Use yellow plates to trap aphids, fruit flies and other pests, use blue plates to trap adult pests such as thrips, combine with insect attractants, and apply sex attractants to the color board or the inner wall of the trap, and place the trapping device in the orchard where insect infestations occur. The color swatch should be placed to grasp the principle of "dense on the periphery and sparse in the middle", and the pests should be replaced in time after they are full, and the product should be used according to the product description.

6.2.3 Physical isolation The use of 60 mesh insect nets can prevent the invasion of pests such as thrips, Spodoptera litura, aphids, orange fruit flies and leaf beetles while protecting natural enemies.

6.3 Chemical control

Pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and safe for crops, humans and animals and the environment can be selected, such as 1500 times of 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules, 4000 times of 70% imidacloprid wettable powder, 500 times of 12% carfenapyr suspension, 500 times of 5% pyridoxyl wettable powder, 20% dinotefurin soluble granules 2000 times, 4.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times and other insecticides, 70% methyl tobuzine wettable powder 1000 times, 50% Fungicides such as carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid, dysen zinc 500 times liquid, spray once every 15~20d in the onset season, spray more than 3 times in a row, spray the leaf surface of new shoots and young leaves and the back of the leaf and the surrounding weeds together, the spraying effect is better in the morning and evening, and it needs to be mixed or rotated when used.

7 Economic benefits

The use rate of organic fertilizer of 'Golden Passion Fruit' produced by this planting mode has reached more than 80%, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been reduced by 50%, which not only reduces the use and residue of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also improves the yield and quality of 'Golden Passion Fruit'. In terms of sweetness and edibility, the indexes increased, with soluble solids reaching more than 19%, edible rate reaching more than 52.8%, and sweetness and edibility increasing by 2 degrees and 8%, respectively. It can strengthen the contact and cooperation with processing enterprises, develop order agriculture, reach a strategic cooperation agreement with the fruit management company, and with the help of perfect sales channels of fruit farmers, the products are sold to supermarkets, boutique fruit stores, and various e-commerce platforms, which is conducive to adjusting the agricultural industrial structure of Xiangcheng District and increasing farmers' income, and has good economic benefits.