【Character Introduction】
Jiang Feng, zi Xuanquan was born in Shanghai in 1942, his ancestral home is Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, in the middle school era by the famous painter Mr. Tao Lengyue, embarked on the road of engaging in fine arts, in 1961 was admitted to the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts (now China Academy of Art) Chinese painting department, landscape painting major, teacher Pan Tianshou, Gu Kunbo, Lu Weizhao, Lu Yushao and other mr. After graduating in 1966, he went to work in Hebei Province. He once served as the vice president of Hebei Academy of Painting and the deputy secretary-general of Hebei Artists Association. He is now a member of the China Artists Association, a national first-class artist, and the deputy director of the Art Steering Committee of the Hebei Provincial Artists Association.
Fuchun Mountain Sketch Selected One "Dushan"
His works have been selected for national art exhibitions three times. The work "Yan Lu Around the Mountain" is in the collection of the National Art Museum of China. The work "Rising Sun on the Coast" was once displayed in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. His work "Poetic Feelings" was selected for the Toronto International Art Biennale in Canada and won the Bronze Medal Award, and the work "Autumn Scenery of Jiangnan Water Town" was selected for the "First Exhibition of Chinese Paintings of Members of the China Artists Association" sponsored by the China Artists Association, and the work "Bishan Ziyi" was selected into the "World Heritage Cup International Calligraphy and Painting Competition Exhibition" and won the gold medal; the work "The Water of the Yellow River heavenly" was first included in the "Third National Academy of Fine Works Exhibition" sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, and won the Highest Award of Literature and Art in Hebei Province - The Revitalization Of Literature and Art Award. He has visited, exhibited and conducted academic exchanges in Japan, Singapore and other places. In 2000, he was selected into the Talent Center of the Ministry of Culture and sponsored by the Chinese Painting Art Committee of the China Artists Association for the Nomination Exhibition of Chinese Painting of century light. He has been selected for large-scale painting collections such as "Contemporary Chinese Painting Academy" and large-scale dictionaries such as "Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Painters". The works deliberately pursue and explore the inherent rhythm and artistic conception of nature, integrate the painting styles of the north and the south, and form their own style. "Keeping the tradition, exploring the modern, taking the strengths of the people, and integrating the north and the south" is his artistic concept and the path of artistic practice.
Huang Gongwang and Tonglu Fuchun Mountain
Text/Jiang Feng
Huang Gongwang (1269-1354), also known as Zijiu, was one of the four famous painters of the Yuan Dynasty. Influenced by Confucian culture in his youth, he aspired to a career. However, under the policy of national contempt in the Yuan Dynasty, it can only be a small official under the door. Middle-aged accidents, implicated by his superiors, he was imprisoned, and after his release from prison, he gave up his career, and under the persuasion of his friend Zhang Yu, he believed in Taoism, became a Taoist priest of the Quanzhen Sect, and traveled to the land of Sanwu and Zhejiang. In the literature, he went to Changshu, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Fuyang, Yixing, Songjiang, Fuchun Mountain and other places. In his later years, he returned to Fuchun Mountain, which can be confirmed in many documents. Xia Wenyan of the Yuan Dynasty", "Treasure Book of Pictures": "Gongwang jufuchun, appreciate the overview of the fishing beach in the rivers and mountains". Ming Zhengde's "Gu Su Zhi": "The late love of Hangzhou's Keiji Spring, the end of the temple, will be the end of the old plan, has returned to Fuchun, the year of eighty-six and the end." Qing Yu Wing "Haiyu Painting Garden": "Late into Fuchun Mountain, the year of eighty-six and the end". Xu Bangda, a master of modern calligraphy and painting appraisal, also said: "In his later years, he returned to Zhejiang, and Fuchun Mountain was his long-term residence" and so on, which can confirm the situation that Huang Gongwang returned to Fuchun Mountain in his later years.
The inscription of Huang Gongwang's "Hidden Map of Qiushan Zhao" written by Wu Rongguang in the Qing Dynasty's "Xin Ugly Selling XiaJi":
Jie Mao leaves the city, and the heart is fortunate to have a trust; open the door to the pine juniper, to the pillow are all hills; the mountains are sunny and shady, the forest is light in the morning and evening; the scenery is good at four o'clock, and the autumn is even more omitted; sitting on the stone pole of lun, meaning that it is in the fish leap; forgetting the creek bridge far away, Xi Gu wears grass; Zi Yi Wu jiu jiu, when entering is not promised; Mo is like Taoyuan fishing, re-finding the way is to borrow.
This other path of Fuchun Mountain is also given to Xiang Xiang to build a church in between, whenever in the spring and autumn to burn incense to cook tea, swim in the air, when the morning lan sunset, the moon to the rain window, or climb the overlook, or rely on the column, do not know the world of dust, forehead "small cave day" figure to repay Comrade Park Fu Yinjun, a peak of the old man Huang Gongwang painting and inscription." This is the clear evidence of Huang Gongwang's return to Fuchun Mountain, which not only records Huang Gongwang's residence in Fuchun Mountain, but also shows the state of Huang Gongwang's life and creation, and also points out his residence in Fuchun Mountain, called "Xiaodongtian".
Another precious source is Huang Gongwang's inscription on the (useless master's scroll), "To the seventh year of the zheng, the servant returned to the Fuchun Mountain Residence". In the seventh year of Zhengzheng (1347), Huang Gongwang was 79 years old, indicating that he had lived in Fuchun Mountain for at least 7 years, which was completely consistent with the record of Huang Gongwang's return to Fuchun Mountain in his later years.
Looking through the history of Chinese art, since the Tang and Song dynasties, landscape painters have a tradition of returning to the hidden mountains and forests. They live in the retreat and create many masterpieces with unique styles based on the environment of the retreat. For example, Jing Hao of the Five Dynasties returned to the Taihang Mountains; Fan Kuan of the Song Dynasty returned to the Hidden Nanshan Mountain; Li Cheng returned to the Hidden Camp Hill Mountain; and so on. The great painter Ni Yunlin, who was a contemporary of Huang Gongwang, was hidden in Taihu Lake; Wang Meng was hidden in Huanghe Mountain in Hangzhou, calling himself "Huanghe Mountain Tree". Although Huang Gongwang was a Quanzhen Daoist monk who traveled in all directions, he eventually retreated to Fuchun Mountain in his later years. He has created many landscape paintings with the theme of Fuchun Mountain, such as: "Fuchun Mountain Map", "Fuchun Daling Map", "Autumn Mountain Hidden Map", "Xishan Rain Intention" and so on.
"Fuchun Mountain Map" (useless master volume) is Huang Gongwang's classic representative work with Fuchun Mountain as the theme. The title of this picture should be "Fuchun Mountain Map", not "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", how the title has evolved, the author will make a brief introduction:
Now circulating in the world, the so-called "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" collected at the Palace Museum in Taiwan has two volumes, one is the huang gongwang authentic manuscript (useless master volume); the other is a forgery (Ziming scroll). Why is it that the (Ziming scroll) is a forgery rather than a facsimile, because this volume was originally a Ming Dynasty facsimile, but it was transformed by the calligraphy and painting merchants, cutting off the original inscription of the facsimile, and adding huang Gongwang's fake money and Dong Qichang and Zou Zilin's pseudo-bao also took an inscription that had nothing to do with the picture, "Mountain Residence Map", which made a fake painting of Huang Gongwang, so it is undoubtedly a fake. Huang Gongwang's (useless master scroll) was renamed "Fuchun Mountain Map" from "Fuchun Mountain Map" because of the appearance of counterfeits (Ziming scrolls).
The original collection of the Ziming Scroll, which was held by the collector Tang Yuzhao, was called "Mountain Residence Map", and flowed into the Qianlong Inner Province in the tenth year of Qianlong (1745). When it entered the Qianlong Inner Province, it was inscribed "Mountain Residence Map", which Qianlong had a sentence in the inscription of Gu Yu on the (Ziming Scroll) (1746): "The golden inscription jade marks the mountain residence, but it is suspected that it is Fuchun No" Can confirm that the title of the (Ziming Scroll) is "Mountain Residence Map".
After entering the Inner Palace, he was loved by Qianlong, and bing Yinnian alone reached six inscriptions on the painting. From the eleventh year of Qianlong (1746) to the sixty years of Qianlong (1795), there are as many as fifty-five inscriptions in the fifty years. It can be seen that Qianlong's deep love for (Ziming Scroll) is deep.
In the winter of the eleventh year of Qianlong the following year, the great collector An Qi fell into the Qianlong Inner Mansion because of the "Fuchun Mountain Map" (useless master volume) and other works in the middle of the family road, and when they flowed into the Qianlong Inner House, they were titled "Fuchun Mountain Map". This can be confirmed by Anqi's work "Ink Edge Huiguan", which records his family's collection.
Qianlong made a difficulty in the face of qianlong's ten-year entry into the Inner Mansion (Ziming Scroll) and Qianlong's eleventh-year entry into the Inner Mansion (useless master's scroll), and after a round of examination, Qianlong made a big mistake, classifying the forgery (Ziming scroll) as a genuine handwriting, while huang Gongwang's true manuscript (useless master's scroll) was instead designated as "forgery without doubt" on the grounds that "the pen is weak", which is not completely reversed.
Qianlong also made a big mistake. Qianlong believes that the (Ziming Scroll) with the inscription "Mountain Residence Map" "The old collection is the true relic of Fuchun Mountain Residence, and its inscription hides the word Fuchun." (See Useless Master Scroll Qianlong Imperial Knowledge). And in the inscription on the (Ziming Scroll) that Bing Yin grew to the day after, it was written: Xiang Zhi titled the word Fuchun of the Mountain Dweller... The old picture of the book, and its name is known as Fuchun Mountain Juyun". Thus (Ziming Scroll) entered Qianlong's collection "Shiqu Baodi" under the title of "Fuchun Mountain Jutu". And (useless master rolls) disappeared for a long time, or can be called "breaking into the cold palace". It was not until forty years later, in the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), after Huang Gongwang's authentic "Fuchun Mountain Map" (useless master volume), liu yong, Cao Wenzhi and other ministers Gong Bao "This stone canal Baoji and other Huang Gongwang Fuchun Mountain Jutu is an old object of Anqi ... With the old Treasure of Fuchun Mountain in the school stone canal, I know that the public hope is the true relic of Jiudeng Secret, and it is the best of the special imitation book." It can be seen that at this time, the true works of Huang Gongwang (useless master scrolls) have been designated as "second-class" and "the best of imitation", and have been renamed "second-class Huang Gongwang Fuchun Mountain Residence Map". The proper name of the (Ziming scroll) "Fuchun Mountain Jutu" is Qianlong's imperial determination, even if Liu Yong is a calligrapher, who dares to say a word, in the Qing Dynasty for more than two hundred years, no one dares not to call "Fuchun Mountain Jutu".
Fuchun Mountain Sketch Selection III "Fuchun JiXue"
If you carefully read the Qianlong inscriptions and imperial knowledge on the (useless master scrolls) and (Ziming scrolls), you can clearly see the process of (Ziming scrolls) being named "Fuchun Mountain Jutu" by the "Occasional Fuchun Two Characters" of the "Mountain Jutu". And the helplessness of (useless master volume) being renamed from the "Fuchun Mountain Map" to the "Secondary Fuchun Mountain Jutu", it is time to clear the source. For more than three hundred and eighty years (useless master volumes) from the completion of his creation in the tenth year of Zhizheng (1350) to the eleventh year of Qianlong (1746) before Bing Yin (1746) entered the Qing Palace Inner Palace (useless master volume), he always used the "Fuchun Mountain Map "Volume" as the title. We can confirm this in more than twenty historical documents, such as Ming Dong Qichang's "Essay on Painting the Zen Room"; Ming Wang Yuke's "Coral Net"; and Qing Anqi's "Ink Edge Huiguan". In particular, Ming Zou Zhilin's explicit inscription "Fuchun Mountain Map" inscribed on the (useless master's scroll) at the invitation of its owner Wu Qingqing can better illustrate all this. Huang Gongwang wrote in his painting theory work "Tips for Writing Landscapes": "Or paint a landscape, first set up a title, and then write, if there is no title, it will not be a painting." It can be seen that Huang Gongwang attaches great importance to the title of landscape painting works, if even the title is not correct, the text is not correct, what else can be discussed and studied. It is time to name Huang Gongwang (useless master scroll) "Fuchun Mountain Map".
Fuchun Mountain Sketch Selection II "Weeping Clouds Through heavenly rivers"
Although there is only a one-word difference between "Fuchun Mountain Map" and "Fuchun Mountain Jutu", from the perspective of painting creation, they are two completely different concepts. "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" should be a work depicting the theme of the literati's mountain residence. Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Mountain Map" is a work with the theme and theme of Fuchun Mountain in Tonglu completely, and it depicts the Fuchun Mountain in Tonglu.
Mooring boats put horse beach
Fuchun Mountain is an indisputable fact in Tonglu, as early as 1500 hundred years ago in the History of the Later Han Dynasty, there are records of Fuchun Mountain. The Yimin Liechuan Yan Guang Biography (燕光傳) "Except for being a counselor, he was unyielding, but cultivated in Fuchun Mountain, and his descendants named its fishing place Yan Lingse". Ming Jiajing (1522-1566) "Tonglu County Chronicle" Fuchun Mountain entry: "Fuchun Mountain is forty miles west of the county, in front of the River, there are two platforms in the east and west, a Yanling Mountain, Qingli Qi, the number Jinfeng Xiuling, is yanziling hidden fishing place also." "Qing Gu Zuyu (1631-1692) "Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion" has a more detailed record of Fuchun Mountain. See also the logo of Fuchun Mountain on the Qing Dynasty's "Great Qing Map", which clearly marks the historical facts.
Fuchun Riverside
Fuchun Mountain is a regional name, within the geographical range of Fuchun Mountain, there are mountains above 1,000 meters; there are large rivers with abundant water resources, the Fuchun River and the Fenshui River; there is a fishing platform with a wall of thousands of people; there is a "Little Three Gorges" known as Qilise; there is a cave known as Yaolin Wonderland; there is a Longmen Flying Waterfall that is more than 30 meters high; and there is the famous Tonglu alluvial fan and alluvial fan on the "Shazhu Scenery". Such a peculiar geographical landform combined together is indeed rare in the world. Therefore, the literati of the past praised Fuchun Mountain endlessly. Su Dongpo "Three Wu lines a thousand landscapes, Judao Tonglu is more beautiful" Land tour "Tonglu is full of new poems, yupu rivers and mountains are rare in the world". In such a superior environment as Fuchun Mountain, Huang Gongwang, as a rare painter in the history of Chinese art who carries a paper and pencil sketching model, collects materials through sketching models, creates fuchun mountain as the theme, and creates works such as "Fuchun Mountain Map". Huang Gongwang took Fuchun Mountain as his retreat, which was the place where he absorbed artistic nutrition and created a unique artistic style. In "Fuchun Mountain Map", he uses ingenious artistic treatment to reflect the scenery of Tonglu's Tongjun Mountain, Fangmazhou, Diaoyutai, Luci Baiyun Village and so on. Especially in the sandbar scenery depicted at the left end of the picture, which is a unique geographical phenomenon on the "Tonglu alluvial fan", it can be seen that Huang Gongwang is based on the terrain and landform of Fuchun Mountain, and the work of artistic processing is completed, showing the unique charm and connotation of Fuchun Mountain.
Clear the world
According to the inscription on Huang Gongwang (Useless Master Scroll), we can know that he had two residences in his later years, one in Songjiang and one in Fuchun Mountain. So where did he live in Fuchun Mountain, Tonglu? We find a clue in the poem of Zhang Yu, a Daoist friend with whom he is close. In Zhang Yu's "Collected Poems of Mr. Shi Zhenju Outside the Sentence Qu", there is a poem "Huang Zi JiuHua" that is copied as follows:
Zhongfeng large surface cutting iron such as, rock Xiuqi is not a way;
On the side of the Pavilion Road, looking for several households with a few worries;
The three-foot diagram made by Mi Qian, the pen force regards this as slightly sparse;
Langyuan Nodai was chi-chi for a long time, and did not return to Matsue perch.
This is a poem written by Zhang Yu in the face of the painting given to him by Huang Gongwang and thinking of Huang Gongwang. He felt that Huang Gongwang could not meet him in Hangzhou because of the "Langyuan Platform" and "Songjiang Perch".
Tongjiang red leaves
"Songjiang perch" should be an allusion to Jin Zhanghan's "perch stew", and the delicacy of the perch retains Huang Gongwang in Songjiang. Another place to keep Huang Gongwang should be the "Langyuan Platform" of Fuchun Mountain. So does Tonglu Fuchun Mountain have a "Langyuan"? Flipping through the Tonglu County Chronicle, the answer is yes, Tonglu has "Langyuan", and it is a historical and cultural attraction for more than a thousand years, and the place name has been used until now.
Covered bridge lying wave
"Langyuan" is five kilometers south of the county seat, and there are famous places such as Langyuan Mountain, Langxian Cave, Ziyuan'an, Langyuan Shihai and so on. The environment of Langyuan is very close to the environment described in Huang Gongwang's "Hidden Map of Qiushan Zhao". There is a Ziyuan'an, which is convenient for him to throw in the nunnery and live in the nunnery. Langxian Cave, known as the "Thirty-Seven Cave Heavens", is also commensurate with his residence, "Little Cave Heaven". Langyuan was also on the ancient road from Hangzhou to Yanzhou, which was convenient for him to go out and travel. Langyuan mountains, ancient vines and famous trees are staggered between the mountains and forests, beautiful scenery, beautiful environment, is very suitable for retreating to the secluded place.
Summarizing the above discussion, it can be seen that Huang Gongwang had two residences around the seventh year of Zhizheng, one was the Songjiang Xia Clan Zhizhi Hall, and the other was in the Tonglu Langyuan "Xiaodongtian", that is, his "Fuchun Mountain Residence".
Due to the limitation of space, the relationship between Huang Gongwang and Tonglu Fuchun Mountain can only be briefly introduced, and a more comprehensive discussion can be seen in the humble work "Huang Gongwang 'Fuchun Mountain Map'" Examination and Identification.] Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Wang Bomin, my mentor who wrote the inscription for my article on Huang Gongwang and Fuchun Mountain.
July 5, 2O11
Sky bridge lying cloud
Yuantong Temple