Source: Gao Shiyong, Tang Boqi, Wei Xinrui, Tan Huixin. Investigation, Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Application of Dongling Herb [J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2023, 54(19):6543-6554.
As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years, and its rich clinical application experience and various therapeutic effects are highly respected by the world. It is a commonly used medicinal plant of traditional Chinese medicine, mainly distributed in the Yellow River Basin and the southern region of the Taihang Mountains. The Taihang Mountains (Jiyuan, Linzhou, Hebi) in Henan Province are the main producing areas of winter grass due to their fertile land, rich nutrition and sufficient resources. It has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor, and has been widely used in clinical practice. The main treatment of laryngitis, tonsillitis, cold headache, bronchitis, chronic hepatitis, joint rheumatic pain, snake and insect bites, etc., was listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 1977 [1]. The application of winter grass has accumulated many years of folk use experience, so it has certain development value.
There are many chemical components in Corhocarpus, among which Corvidin is one of the main active ingredients of Corhomina and is a kauri cycloditerpenoid, which has become a research hotspot of anti-tumor drugs because of its good anti-tumor activity. This article reviews the relevant knowledge of winter grass from the aspects of herbal research, chemical composition, pharmacological action and clinical application, so as to provide reference for the in-depth research, development and application of winter grass.
1 Herb research
Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) H. Hara is a whole herb of the genus Fragrant tea of the family Lamiaceae, which has a history of thousands of years in the clinical practice of ancient Chinese medicine, and was first seen in the Shennong Materia Medica. In the "Compendium of Materia Medica", winter grass is listed as the top grade and is used to treat cough, phlegm wheezing, chest tightness and other symptoms. There are also records of winter grass in the "Herb Collection", pointing out that it can treat diseases such as long-term cough, blood in sputum, and chest pain. In addition, it has also been recorded in classic works of Chinese herbal medicine such as "Chinese Materia Medica" and "Bencao Zheng", which describe its medicinal properties, compatibility and dosage.
In the early 70s of the 20th century, Chairman Mao issued a call to "focus medical and health work on rural areas", and mass activities of Chinese herbal medicine were launched throughout the country. In this large-scale Chinese herbal medicine activity, fruitful results have been achieved, expanding the source of medicinal plants, and artemisinin developed by Nobel Prize winner Tu Youyou was discovered in this activity and purified by modern extraction and separation detection technology, and replaced the long-term imported antimalarial drug quinaquin. Henan Province also discovered many new medicinal sources in this mass activity of Chinese herbal medicine, among which the discovery of Jiyuan Dongling grass is the most famous.
According to the "Special Report on Winter Grass in Jiyuan County", in 1962, Shi Shouli, an old pharmacist at Jiyuan County People's Hospital, said that after the Japanese invaders occupied Jiyuan, he took refuge in the mountains and saw an old Chinese medicine doctor suffering from "belching", which was cured by taking a grass with ice on its leaves. In 1973, Professor Zhang Qinmu led the group members to analyze the distribution and growth of Jiyuan Dongling grass, and identified Dongling grass from the botanical point of view, and confirmed that Dongling grass belongs to the species of Broken rice in the family Lamiaceae. However, due to the technical conditions at that time, the chemical structure of the components contained in winter grass was not determined, and after 30 years of research by Academician Sun Handong and the research of many scientific research institutions, it was proved that winter grass has good anti-tumor activity, and the antitumor activity of winter grass methyl and winter grass ethyl is the most prominent, while rosmarinic acid has better antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect.
In recent years, with the continuous development of modern science and technology and the deepening of traditional Chinese medicine research, the research on the herb of Dongling herb has also been more deeply understood and studied. Through modern technology, the medicinal components of Cortonium were isolated and identified, and some of its active ingredients were found to have therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases.
As one of the main active ingredients of Corhomin, its anti-tumor activity has been explored by more and more researchers since its discovery. At present, it has been found that Corhogenin has a good proliferation inhibitory effect on a variety of cancer cells, such as leukemia [2], esophageal cancer [3], cervical cancer [4], gastric cancer [5], breast cancer [6], ovarian cancer [7] and liver cancer [8]. With the continuous exploration of the efficacy and activity of Dongling grass, "Dongling grass lozenges [9]", "Dongling grass drop pills [10]" and other drugs are also used in clinical practice, "Dongling grass tea" and "Dongling grass toothpaste" [11] and other health foods gradually penetrate into people's lives, Dongling grass as tea drinking once a living habit spread in Henan Province, the anti-cancer and anti-cancer [12], anti-inflammatory [13], immunomodulatory [14], lipid-regulating [15] health care effects of Dongling grass are more and more people accept.
In short, the research of the herbal medicine of Dongling herb is an in-depth exploration of its medicinal history and traditional understanding, and it is also the foundation and important part of modern Chinese herbal medicine research. Through the in-depth study of its herbal research, the medicinal value of winter herb can be better understood and applied.
2 Chemical composition of wintergrass
Cordylyn mainly contains terpene chemical components such as monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, etc., and also contains alkaloids, volatile oils, polysaccharides, amino acids and organic acids, as shown in Table 1. Among them, the diterpenoids are the main chemical components in Cordyce, and the diterpenoids are mainly enantio-kauri type, and the representative components are Corhogenin and Corvid Ethyl.
2.1 Terpenoids
Terpenoids are the main active ingredients of Corhomin, and the diterpenoids contained in Corhopar are mainly enantio-kauri type, which includes: Corhoparin (1), Corhomferin (2), Corvid Propylene (3), Propylene (4), Vervid Grass (5), Ordonin (6), Ordon Ethyl (7), Oxtail Propanin (8), etc.; The snail-cut kauri type includes: Corvidoxin Lux, Ethyl Cyborg, Guizhou Corvidoxin, etc. [16]. The 95% ethanol extract of Coryonia was studied, and 43 compounds were obtained, of which 34 were diterpenoids, of which 6 were new enantio-kauri diterpenes (9~14), and the activity of these new compounds remained to be studied. In addition, Cordynia also contains triterpenoid compounds, including oleanolic triterpenoids and ursulane-type triterpenes [17], and the structure of diterpenoids in Coryglywood is shown in Figure 1.
2.2 Alkaloids
At present, the alkaloids isolated from Corhogenitine (15), 7-hydroxy-4-(1H)-quinolinone (16), xanthine (17), 2-amino-3-phenyl-2-benzoylamino-3-cholangyl ester (18), 2'-acetamido-3'-phenylpropyl-2-benzoylamino-3-phenylpropionate (19), etc. [18-20], such compounds have antibacterial, antiviral and other effects, the structure of alkaloids in Cordywood is shown in Figure 2.
2.3 Volatile oil compounds
The volatile oil components of Corygin are mainly concentrated in stems and leaves, and the known volatile oil components are palmitic acid (20), oleic acid (21), palmitoleic acid (22), dihydrocarvacrol (23), peachaldehyde (24), ribitol (25), methyl acrylate (26), isopropyl palmitate (27),
4-hydroxythiophenol (28), 9-decenoic acid (29), etc. [21], the structure of volatile oil in winter grass is shown in Figure 3.
2.4 Flavonoids
It contains a variety of flavonoids, such as piperin (30), 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (31), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (32), emodin methyl ether (33), isorhamnetin (34), 5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3′-tetramethoxyflavonone (35), quercetin (36), silymarin (37), sideritoflavone (38), tricin (39), Kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside (40), kaempferol-3,7-O-di-O-rhamnoside (41) and others [22], these compounds have a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor and other effects. The chemical structure of flavonoids in Coryullum is shown in Figure 4.
2.5 Polysaccharide compounds
Polysaccharide compounds obtained from winter grass include mannose (42), glucose (43), galactose (44), xylose (45) and arabinose (46) [23], these polysaccharide substances have the effect of enhancing immunity, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral and other effects, which can help prevent and treat cancer, hepatitis, influenza and other diseases. The structure of polysaccharides in Cordynia is shown in Figure 5.
2.6 Amino acid compounds
Winter grass contains 18 kinds of amino acids, of the 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for the human body, except tryptophan, the remaining 7 kinds are contained, and the content is high [24], these amino acid substances are the basic unit of human protein, and play an important role in the growth and development and metabolism of the body.
2.7 Organic acids
The organic acids isolated from the water-soluble parts of Corycephalic acid include ferulic acid (47), 3,4-dihydroxybenzenelactic acid (48) and other compounds, and four phenolic acids such as caffeic acid (49), salicylic acid (50), rosmarinic acid (51) and methyl rosmarinate (52) are also isolated from Corycephalic Grass [25-26], these organic acids can regulate the body's acid-base balance, promote metabolism, regulate blood lipids and lower blood sugar, etc., and are useful for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, hypertension, Diseases such as obesity have a role. The structure of organic acids in Corycephalus is shown in Figure 6.
3 Pharmacological action
It is widely used in TCM to treat a variety of diseases. Its main components include terpenes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc., which have a variety of pharmacological effects.
3.1 Anti-tumor effect and mechanism research
Traditional Chinese medicine has a variety of active substances in the treatment of tumors, and the anti-tumor effect of traditional Chinese medicine single flavor medicine and traditional Chinese medicine compound can not only inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but also promote the efficacy of other immune-targeted drugs in a synergistic way [27]. Among the chemical components of Cordyce, Corvid Metallin and Corho Ethyl are considered to be the main components with anti-cancer properties.
3.1.1 Inhibit tumor cell proliferation
Studies have shown that Cordynia has the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, and can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells through different ways. For example, the polysaccharides in Corycephalus can inhibit tumor cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. At the same time, the flavonoids in Corywood can also inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, because flavonoids can interfere with the growth cycle of tumor cells and prevent tumor cells from entering the mitotic phase, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation [28]. Cordylin, the main active ingredient of Cordyllin, has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Corhometholin effectively inhibits the proliferative activity of SNU-216 cells in gastric cancer by regulating the transcription and expression levels of p53 protein and the expression level of mousedouble minute 2 (Mdm2) protein of p53[29].
In gastric cancer, the expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is up α regulated and the expression of recombinant SMAD family member 3 (Smad3) is downregulated to inhibit cancer cell proliferation [30]. Corhometholin inhibits protein kinase B (AKT), also known as protein kinase B (PKB) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mammalian target of rapamycin) by activating phosphorylation-adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK), mTOR) inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells [31].
3.1.2 Promote apoptosis of tumor cells
Cordyly grass can promote apoptosis of tumor cells, thereby exerting its anti-tumor effect. Studies have shown that the alkaloids and steroidal compounds in Cordylyn can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. For example, aspartin in Cordylyn can promote apoptosis in tumor cells by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in tumor cells. In addition, the flavonoids in Cordylyn can also promote apoptosis of tumor cells. For example, the flavonoid quercetin can induce apoptosis in mouse colorectal cancer CT26 cells [32].
More studies have shown that the diterpenoids in Coryocyca represent that Corhogenin and Corvidoxin have inhibition of growth and pro-apoptosis on the formation of hepatoma cells, breast cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, cervical cancer cells and malignant gliomas multiforme. Corhometholin induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells by increasing intracellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels [33], and can also inhibit methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) through the Ras-AKT-MYC signaling pathway. Mediates elevated ROS, leading to apoptosis in human liver cancer HepG2 cells [34]. Radiation sensitizers can improve the efficacy of radiation therapy by inducing apoptosis. G2/M phase is the most radiation-sensitive stage in the cell cycle, and studies have shown that Corhomethalin can be used as a radiotherapy sensitizer to enhance the radiotherapy sensitivity of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by inducing G2/M phase blockade and enhancing radiotherapy-induced apoptosis[35], which provides broad prospects for the application of Corvidin in radiotherapy sensitization.
Cordyll ethyl can exert anti-leukemia effects in vitro by inducing apoptosis in leukemia K562 cells. The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is available in a variety of leukemia cells, and the activity of PI3K/AKT is related to various indicators such as chemotherapy effect and clinical prognosis in leukemia patients [36]. Studies have found that metholin can be combined with geraniol to promote apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and Corhometholin can cause mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ROS levels, promote the release of cytochrome C and activate related apoptotic proteins, and induce apoptosis of cells through the mitochondrial pathway to achieve anticancer activity [37].
The study found that Rabdoternin F, the active ingredient of Cordyce, was able to induce apoptosis in A549 cells while also causing cell cycle arrest. Specifically, rabdoternin F is able to inhibit cell cycle G1/S switching and cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M stage. In addition, the study also found that the apoptosis-inducing effect of rabdoternin F may be related to the accumulation of intracellular ROS. These findings suggest that rabdoternin F has anti-lung cancer potential and could serve as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of lung cancer [38].
3.1.3 Reduces telomerase activity
Activation of telomerase activity plays a key role in cancer cell initiation and progression [39]. The researchers found that it can inhibit tumor cell growth by affecting telomerase activity. After Corhometholin acts on QBC939 cells of cholangiocarcinoma cell line, it can be observed that with the increase of Corhometholin concentration, the expression of telomerase RNA in cancer cells gradually decreases, and telomerase activity decreases, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the apoptotic gene to promote apoptosis of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the growth of cancer cells [40]. Corhometholin induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, leukemia tumor cells, and HPB-ALL cells by reducing telomerase activity, activating caspase-3, Caspase-9, and regulating apoptosis-associated proteins [41-43]. Corvidin can inhibit telomerase activity in human hepatoma cells, thereby affecting cell proliferation and viability. Studies have shown that Corhometholin promotes apoptosis in human hepatoma cells by regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 and telomerase activity [44].
The main antitumor mechanism of action of Corysa is shown in Figure 7 and Table 2.
3.2 Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect
With the widespread use of antibiotics and sulfonamides and other antibacterial drugs, bacterial resistance to drugs continues to increase. Therefore, the development of highly effective, broad-spectrum and low-side effect drugs will become the top priority for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine or natural plant extracts can inhibit or directly kill pathogenic bacteria without developing drug resistance, so antibacterial Chinese medicine has gradually become a research hotspot. The main active ingredients in Corho have good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, including Corvidin, Corvid Ethyl, and Salicylic Acid. Corvidol has obvious inhibitory effect on Staphlococcus aureus (SA) and α-hemolytic steptococcu, as well as anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing effects. It has a good effect on the treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, snake and insect bites, etc. [45]. Some people use winter grass to boil tea and drink it to treat sore throats; Corhometholin is used to treat gingivitis, etc. [46].
However, at present, the scope of research on the antibacterial activity of Corhodic at home and abroad is not extensive, mainly focusing on extracts [47-48], and there are few studies on antibacterial active ingredients, mainly studying the inhibitory effect of Corvidin, Corhom ethyl and salicylic acid on bacteria and plant-derived fungi. Studies have found the inhibitory effect of Lingweed leaf extract on the growth of seven kinds of bacteria through in vitro antibacterial test, and when the mass concentration of Linggrass leaf extract is 0.161 g/mL, it has obvious growth inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis [49]. In addition, metholin can promote the production of nerve growth factor (NGF). Studies have shown that metholin can exert anti-inflammatory effects and show protective effects on the intestines [50], respiratory system, nervous system, and kidneys [51]. When the effective concentration of syringol, the extract showed strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus albicans, Streptococcus beta and Bacillus dysenteriae Freundii.
The antibacterial activity of the water extract of the fresh leaves of Coryu Lingweed has a broad spectrum, which has inhibitory effect on both gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, and the antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria is lower than that of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the inhibition rate of Coryocyanin was 64% at a mass concentration of 15.625 μg/mL, 70.7% at 31.25 μg/mL, and 76.5% at 62.5 μg/mL [52], indicating that Corvidin had good bacteriostatic activity and could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation and hydrolyzed protease (LasA protease) and LasB elastase activities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has a good application prospect.
Flavonoids are another important active ingredient in Corywood with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Studies have shown that flavonoids can exert antibacterial effects by inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis in bacteria, affecting membrane lipid synthesis and cell membrane permeability. In addition, flavonoids also have certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can reduce inflammatory response and promote tissue repair and healing [53].
In short, winter grass has a certain antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect, and the active ingredients in it have been found.
3.3 Antioxidant effect
It contains a large amount of natural antioxidants such as flavonoids, polysaccharides and flavonols, which can scavenge free radicals in the body and reduce damage to cells caused by oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, so the antioxidant effect of Dongling grass may also be one of the important mechanisms of its anti-tumor effect. Studies have found that the antioxidant capacity of winter grass extracts of different polarities is also different, and the antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract is stronger than chloroform, petroleum ether and n-butanol by superoxide anion, hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-hydroxyhydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical uptake and reducing power tests [54]. In vitro antioxidant experiments, it was found that selelenium polysaccharides could significantly enhance the scavenging activity of DPPH free radicals, and were significantly higher than those of polysaccharides [23].
β In the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) damage protection study, it was found that it increased the levels of hsf-1 and daf-16 mRNA in CL4176 nematodes, suggesting that it may exert its anti-Aβ damage effects by regulating Aβ folding and enhancing antioxidant activity [55]. Corvidin has a protective effect against BPA-induced liver injury in rats by reversing the increase of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity induced by bisphenol A (BPA), inhibiting the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid, regulating purine metabolism, and enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability[56].
3.4 Immune enhancement
The polysaccharides and other active ingredients in Cordylyn can regulate the body's immune function and enhance the immune system's anti-tumor ability. Studies have shown that the polysaccharides in Corysa can promote phagocytosis of macrophages and enhance the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, thereby enhancing the body's immune defense ability [57]. In addition, it can also promote the production of white blood cells, increase the number of immune cells, and further enhance the function of the body's immune system [58]. Studies have confirmed that it can regulate the number of immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and improve the prognosis of patients by regulating energy metabolism in breast cancer [59].
4 Clinical application
4.1 Therapeutic effect on cancer
The use of Corhom sinensis in patients with esophageal cancer has been shown to inhibit the further progression of the disease and prolong survival in patients with early-stage esophageal cancer [60]. The treatment of esophageal cancer and cardia cancer was 101 cases with Cordynia and Corvidin and found that the symptoms of the disease were relieved after treatment with decoction, syrup or tablet, which was manifested as improvement in swallowing and reduction of chest and back pain, and with the increase of drug dose, the symptoms of effective cases also improved day by day, with no obvious adverse reactions, and no liver, kidney and heart function damage and bone marrow suppression were found [61]. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 80 patients with postoperative bladder tumor treated with fever of winter grass showed that the recurrence rate of heat perfusion group was 32.5%, the tumor progression rate was 17.5%, the recurrence rate of mitomycin perfusion group was 55%, the tumor progression rate was 37.5%, and the recurrence rate and progression rate of winter grass group were significantly lower than that of mitomycin group, which proved that the recurrence rate and progression rate of winter grass heat perfusion was ideal for preventing tumor recurrence in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer and was worthy of promotion [62].
4.2 Therapeutic effect on chronic inflammation
Based on the auxiliary software of traditional Chinese medicine, the clinical application characteristics of Professor Liu Shangyi, the "master of traditional Chinese medicine", in the treatment of kidney cancer were studied [63]. The results showed that among the 120 reported cases, Winter Lingweed was used more than 24 times, and the most commonly used drug combinations were "Curcum and Turtle Grass", "Turtle Turtle and Winter Grass", "Curcum and Winter Grass", "Curcum Technique, Turtle Turtle and Winter Grass", etc. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 60 patients with chronic pharyngitis treated with dongling grass capsules showed that after 2 weeks in the treatment group, the symptoms of pharyngeal dryness, foreign body sensation, pharyngeal tightness and tingling were reduced, and the adverse reactions were mild, which was conducive to the improvement of patients' symptoms, and the effect was significant and safe, and it had certain clinical efficacy [64]. There were 76 patients with glandular cystitis in the cavity of Dongling grass [65], with a cure rate of 61%, a improvement rate of 38%, and no mortality rate and serious complications in treatment, which was suitable for clinical practice.
Clinical experiments have shown that it has a significant effect on the treatment of esophageal, cardia, gastric epithelial hyperplasia and chronic inflammation, and also has a curative effect on acute and chronic pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis and stomatitis. It has a certain effect on esophageal cancer, liver cancer, cardia cancer and colon cancer, has the effect of stabilizing and shrinking tumors and prolonging the life of patients, and has a synergistic effect with the use of commonly used combination chemotherapy drugs.
4.3 Preparations of traditional Chinese medicine that have been marketed and indications
At present, the dosage forms of the prepared winter grass that have been marketed mainly include syrups, lozenges and pills, etc., and the approved marketing are winter grass tablets, winter grass capsules, winter grass drop pills and winter grass lozenges. Dongling grass tablets are suitable for the treatment of acute pharyngitis, Dongling grass tablets are suitable for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis, and Dongling grass drops pills and winter grass lozenges are suitable for the treatment of mouth ulcers.
Dongling grass tablets were clinically used for the treatment of acute pharyngitis, and 147 patients with acute pharyngitis were observed, divided into 73 cases in the treatment group of winter grass tablets, and 74 cases in the control group containing Tibetan green fruit lozenges, the results showed that the total effective rate of the treatment group was 98.6%, the total effective rate of the control group was 89.2%, and the treatment group of the winter grass tablets was 9.4% higher than that of the control group, which proved that the clinical application of winter grass tablets had a good effect on acute pharyngitis [66]. The results of clinical combination of Tom Ling Grass capsules combined with Western medicine for the treatment of pediatric chronic tonsillitis showed that the total effective rate of 50 cases in the treatment group of Dongling Grass capsules combined with Western medicine was 96.0%, and the chemical drug (amoxicillin sodium clavulanate potassium + 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL, intravenous drip; budesonide + normal saline nebulized inhalation; Ibuprofen) control group of 50 cases, the total effective rate was 84.0%, all of which had no serious adverse reactions, after one year of follow-up, the acute onset in the treatment group was less than that of the control group [67], the above results showed that the clinical combination of Dongling grass capsules combined with Western medicine in the treatment of pediatric chronic tonsillitis has a significant effect, and the long-term effect is good, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
82 patients with recurrent oral ulcers were clinically observed, divided into observation group and control group, and 40 patients in the observation group were treated with oral sycopus drop pills, 960 mg each time, and took compound syringgrass lozenge mimic, 1 tablet each time, 10 tablets per day; The 42 patients in the control group were given compound Corhom lozenges orally, 1 tablet each time, 10 tablets per day, and at the same time added Tom Grass Drop Pill Mocker, 960 mg each time, after 6 days of treatment, the effective rate of patients in the observation group was 90.5%, slightly higher than that of 87.5% in the control group, but the difference was not significant [68], therefore, the application of Dongling Grass Drops Pills and Compound Corwinter Grass Lozenges to the treatment of patients with recurrent oral ulcers can effectively improve the symptoms of patients, and the efficacy is similar. It is a new treatment option for patients with recurrent mouth ulcers.
5 Conclusion
Traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of medicine, with a wide range of uses, a wide variety of chemical components, extensive pharmacological activity and reliable clinical efficacy. In addition to this, it is also an important source of multiple compounds in modern drug development. This article reviews the research progress of herbal research, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and its clinical application in winter herb. In ancient and modern China, winter grass was widely used to treat various diseases. As a natural product, it shows good pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Based on the current pharmacological activity of Cordylynx, many studies have been carried out through in vivo and in vitro experiments, which can directly affect the growth of tumor cells, induce apoptosis, inhibit invasion and metastasis, improve the anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy, reverse multidrug resistance, and interfere with the signaling process of tumor cells. It targets many genes or proteins that are important in various signaling pathways in human diseases, including cancer.
These studies confirm most of the traditional medicinal uses of Corysfolia, so the following directions should be given to future research species: First, diterpenoids have always been considered the most important active compounds in Corycolyptus, and they are diverse and widely studied pharmacologically. However, the study of neosaponins, alkaloids and flavonoids isolated from Corycephalus is still neglected, which severely limits the diversity and extensiveness of the research and application of Corysfolia sinensis. In addition, the highly dispersed, water-insoluble terpene active ingredients in Wintergrass are particularly important for improving the bioavailability of Wintergrass and need to be paid attention to. Secondly, the current research mainly focuses on antitumor pharmacological activity, and there is a need to strengthen the research on other traditional applications of Dongling grass in the treatment of bronchitis, rheumatic arthralgia, snake and insect bites, etc. Thirdly, the metabolism of Corycephalus and its active ingredients in vivo should be further studied by in vivo and in vitro methods.
In addition, the diterpenoids in Cordylyn are generally antitumor active. The study of structure-activity relationship should be strengthened to find the core chemical structure of antitumor drugs and provide reference for the creation of new drugs. Finally, similar pharmacological activity of these different ingredients has been reported, but the relationship between these components, including synergistic or antagonistic effects, should be more advanced in future studies.
In summary, Cordywood is a valuable medicinal resource, and clinical trials on its pharmacodynamics, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and side effects are needed to more fully demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the active ingredients in Corywood extract. In addition to the good anti-tumor effect of winter grass, the antioxidant effect of winter grass can also be deeply explored, and the focus of future research should be on medicine, functional food, cosmetics, and drug development should also overcome the limitation of low solubility of winter grass in water. On the other hand, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Corycolyx have not been fully explored, and it is necessary to further study the material basis and mechanism of its therapeutic effects, further explore the relevant pharmacological effects and main active ingredients, and theoretically support the further development and exploration of Cortonic herb.